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12 Eating in Antarctica

Antarctica's vast, frozen, barren landscape has beckoned scholars and 1 alike for more than a century. Indeed, the history of 2 on the continent is as much about hunger as heroism, as Jason Anthony explores in his book. "Hunger," Anthony writes, "was the one spice every expedition carried."

Think those aboard that Russian research vessel and Chinese icebreaker that just spent several days stuck in the Antarctic ice had it rough? The 3 pales compared to the legend of what British explorer Ernest Shackleton went through.

In 1914, on his way to try to cross the continent (he never made it), Shackleton's ship, the Endurance, got trapped by ice—then crushed—in the Weddell Sea. So there he was, 1,000 miles from the 4 humans, with no way to call for help, 5 on the ice with his 28-man crew for about a year. It was nearly another year before all were rescued.

Frank Hurley, the expedition's photo grapher, wrote of men "crazed by their privations(困苦).” Their 6 and sleeping hours filled with dreams of food— 7 dumplings and other carbohydrates. In the meantime, they 8 on tinned goods they'd brought with them and plenty of hoosh— "the bleak Antarctic soup," as Anthony calls it, "of meat and snow".

The meat in question was often seal or penguin—thousands of the animals gave their lives to feed the ambitions of those early continental explorers. And not all were gorged and 9 without qualms(良心谴责). Carl Skottsberg, a botanist on an early 1900s Swedish expedition that 10 ransacked(洗劫)the newly laid eggs of Adelie penguins, seemed to be warding off critics when he wrote: "How many of my readers know what it means to lie in cold, and darkness, and hunger, week after week?"

A)adventurers E)exploration I)ordeal M)survived

B)civilized F)hungrily J)poverty N)virtually

C)dying G)murdered K)slaughtered O)waking

D)especially H)nearest L)stranded

选项分析

[名词]adventurers冒险家 exploration探险 ordeal痛苦的经验 poverty贫困

[动词]murdered谋杀 slaughtered屠杀 stranded搁浅 survived幸存

[形容词]civilized文明的 dying垂死的 nearest最近的 waking醒着的

[副词]especially尤其 hungrily饥饿地 virtually实际上

长难句点睛

1.So there he was, 1,000 miles from the nearest humans, with no way to call for help, stranded on the ice with his 28-man crew for about a year. (Line 2, Para. 3)

[解析]该句的主干为So there he was,是so he was there的倒装句。主句后面紧接三个短语对其进行补充说明:1,000 miles from...是there的同位语,补充说明沙克尔顿被困位置与外界的距离;with no way...是介词短语,补充说明他的另一困境,即没有任何可以向外界求助的方法;stranded on the ice...是过去分词短语,补充说明他与28名船员一起在冰雪中被困了大约一年。

[译文]被困的地点距离最近的居民点有1000英里,而且没有任何可以向外界求助的方法。这样,沙克尔顿与他的28名船员在冰雪中被困了大约一年。

2.Carl Skottsberg, a botanist on an early 1900s Swedish expedition that hungrily ransacked(洗劫)the newly laid eggs of Adelie penguins, seemed to be warding off critics when he wrote: "How many of my readers know what it means to lie in cold, and darkness, and hunger, week after week?" (Line 3, Para. 5)

[解析]该句的主干为Carl Skottsberg...seemed to be warding off critics。a botanist...of Adelie penguins是主语Carl Skottsberg的同位语,其中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词Swedish expedition。when he wrote...是时间状语从句,表示主句动作发生的特定时间。

[译文]20世纪初期有一支瑞典探险队曾因饥饿洗劫了阿德利企鹅群刚产下的企鹅蛋,随队的一位植物学家卡尔·斯科茨伯格似乎为了逃避人们的指责而写道:“我的读者中有多少人明白一周又一周地躺在寒冷、漆黑和饥饿中意味着什么?”

答案精解

1.A adventurers

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的及物动词beckoned可判断此处应填入一个名词作宾语。同时,根据空格前的and可知该词与scholars并列。备选词汇中与scholars并列使用的只有adventurers“冒险家”,故选A。

2.E exploration

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的介词of可判断此处应填入一个名词或动名词作介词宾语,又根据前文提到南极大陆吸引学者和冒险家已经有一个多世纪了,可推断这里在谈论有关南极探险的历史。备选词汇中,exploration意为“探险”,符合此处语境,故选E。

3.I ordeal

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的定冠词the和空格后的谓语动词pales可知,此处应填入一个名词且特指前文提到的被困南极的经历。ordeal意为“痛苦的经验”,符合此处语境,故选I。

4.H nearest

[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格后的名词humans以及空格前的定冠词the可判断此处应填一个形容词。而空格前的1,000 miles from表示距离,备选的形容词中只有nearest与距离有关,且符合语境,故选H。

5.L stranded

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格所在句子的下一句可知,船员直到被困第二年才被全部解救出来,由关键词rescued“解救”可以判断此处空格应填入一个与“解救”形成因果关系的单词。备选词汇中,stranded意为“搁浅”,符合此处语境,故选L。

6.O waking

[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格后的并列成分sleeping以及所修饰的名词hours可知,此处应填入一个与sleeping形式相同的形容词。备选词汇中,waking和dying均符合要求。dying意为“垂死的”,不符合语境;waking意为“醒着的”,强调船员无时无刻不渴望食物,符合语境,故选O。

7.D especially

[快速解题]副词辨义题。根据空格后的名词dumplings and other carbohydrates,可判断此空应填入一个修饰名词的形容词或修饰短语的副词。备选的四个形容词都不能用来修饰食物。三个副词中,virtually“实际上”和hungrily“饥饿地”均不符合语境,而especially意为“尤其”,强调船员对这两种事物的渴望,符合语境,故选D。

8.M survived

[快速解题]动词辨义题。由于空格所在的主句缺少谓语动词,同时空格后为介词on,因此可判断此处应填入一个不及物动词作谓语。备选动词中只有survived可作不及物动词。survived意为“存活”,与介词on搭配恰当且符合语境,故选M。

9.K slaughtered

[快速解题]动词辨义题。该空格与前面的动词gorged为并列成分,因此推断此处应填入一个动词的过去分词,共同来描述该句主语all所指代的animals。剩下备选的两个动词中,slaughtered和murdered都含有“杀”的意思,其中murder意为“谋杀”,指非法地或有预谋地杀人;slaughter意为“屠杀”,指大批地、残酷地杀人,也可指屠宰动物。此处指的是屠杀动物,故选K。

10.F hungrily

[快速解题]副词辨义题。根据空格后的谓语动词ransacked可知,此处应填入一个副词。在剩余的两个备选副词中,把virtually“实际上”放在此处,句意牵强。而hungrily意为“饥饿地”,符合语境且点明文章主题,故选F。

重难点词汇

barren[ˈbærən] a.贫瘠的;不孕的

beckon[ˈbekən] v. 吸引;召唤

icebreaker[ˈaɪsbreɪkə(r)] n.破冰船

carbohydrate[ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt] n. 碳水化合物

hoosh[huːʃ] n.浓汤

gorge[gɔːdʒ] v. 狼吞虎咽

ward off避开;阻挡

全文译文

“食”在南极

一个多世纪以来,南极广袤无垠、冰天雪地的贫瘠大地吸引了众多学者和冒险者。事实上,正如杰森·安东尼在书中记载的那样,南极大陆探险史在体现英雄主义的同时,还是一部关于“饥饿”的历史。安东尼写道:“饥饿是每支探险队都携带的一剂调味品。”

想想那些待在被南极浮冰围困多天的俄罗斯科考船和中国破冰船上的人们,被困的日子是不是非常难熬呢?然而,与英国探险家欧内斯特·沙克尔顿的传奇经历相比,他们经历的这些考验实在太微不足道了。

1914年,沙克尔顿率领他的“耐力号”轮船尝试穿越南极大陆(但没有成功),轮船在经过威德尔海域时,被浮冰围困,之后被挤压变形。被困的地点距离最近的居民点有1000英里,而且没有任何可以向外界求助的方法。这样,沙克尔顿与他的28名船员在冰雪中被困了大约一年。等他们所有人得到解救的时候,被困都快两年了。

这支探险队的摄影师弗兰克·赫尔利写道:“艰难困苦的生存条件”使人们变得“疯狂”。他们清醒和睡着的每分每秒都填满了对食物的幻想——尤其是饺子和其他碳水化合物食品。同时,他们靠着携带的罐装食品和大量的浓汤幸存了下来——安东尼将这种“由肉和雪制成的浓汤”称为“凄凉的南极汤”。

这里所说的肉通常是海豹肉或企鹅肉——成千上万的动物为这些早期南极探险家的雄心壮志献出了生命。而且,多数情况下,人们在宰杀和食用动物的时候良心也会受到谴责。20世纪初期有一支瑞典探险队曾因饥饿洗劫了阿德利企鹅群刚产下的企鹅蛋,随队的一位植物学家卡尔·斯科茨伯格似乎为了逃避人们的指责而写道:“我的读者中有多少人明白一周又一周地躺在寒冷、漆黑和饥饿中意味着什么?”