Part 6 Useful Words, Phrases and Sentences
6.1 Vocabulary
6.2 Phrases and Expressions
6.3 Analysis of Word Meanings
e.g. As her private secretary, he has access to all her correspondence.
I’ve got through a lot of correspondence today.
e.g. I correspond with him regularly.
These goods don’t correspond with my order.
The broad lines on the map correspond to roads.
e.g. The result was correspondent with my wishes.
e.g. The information below was compiled by our correspondent.
letter、note、correspondence、message都有“信”的意思：
letter为最普通用词，泛指一切形式的书信，尤指邮寄的信；
note指内容直截了当的短信或便条，正式或非正式均可；
correspondence是集合名词，指全部来往信件；
message指书信、口信、电报等。
e.g. She’s rather a tricky customer to do business with.
These goods enjoy growing favor among the customers.
To save customers’ time, they began a delivery service.
The drinks were produced in response to customer demand.
e.g. For years he has been smuggling watches through customs.
How long does it take to get through customs?
Here’s your receipt. You are through with the customs formality.
customer、client、consumer都有“客户”的意思：
customer指购买货物或享受服务的人；
client的范围广一些，使用的场合也比较正式；
consumer指为直接使用或拥有而不是为再次卖出去或用于生产制造而获取商品或服务的人。
e.g. We have no space to deal with such details.
I think we should work out a strategy to deal with this situation.
He was a difficult man to deal with.
In dealing with the problem he was cautious to an extreme.
e.g. We deal in a great variety of items.
The merchant deals in wool and cotton.
deal with、cope with、dispose of、manage、handle都有“处理”“对付”的意思：
deal with既可指处理具体事情，也可指处理或解决具有抽象意义的问题；
cope with指成功地处理或对付更为重大、更为严重的问题或事物；
dispose of与deal with同义，普通用法；
manage指处理日常事务与工作，也可指经营管理；
handle从原义“手柄”，引申为“处理”时，其内涵是管理和操纵。
e.g. His article is concise and comprehensive.
He gave a concise and firm summary of our position.
His answer was concise and to the point.
e.g. Generally speaking, you will gain in clearness and conciseness by writing short sentences rather than long ones.
Conciseness needs to include any information that is to the point, but to leave out those statements that do not bear on the subject.
brief、concise、compact都有“简短的、简洁的”的意思：
brief指文学作品简明扼要，短小精悍，也用于指时间意义很强的短暂过程；
concise为书面用语，可与brief换用，指文学作品言简意赅，无多余的话；
compact指为了方便而把某物压缩到最小限度，也指紧凑、简洁的文体。
e.g. He posed as an authority on that subject.
The subject remains untouched upon.
I need your cooperation in this subject.
e.g. The price is subject to our confirmation.
The price is subject to change without notice.
Our plans are subject to the weather.
e.g. This country was once subjected to foreign rule.
Ancient Rome subjected most of Europe.
issue、subject、theme、topic都有“主题、话题”的意思：
issue指急需讨论研究的热点话题；
subject为一般用词，使用广泛，通常指书籍、文章、演讲、讨论等所隐含的、暗示的，需要由读者或听众推断的主题或中心话题；
theme为正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题，或论文、演讲的主题；
topic为普通用词，含义广泛，但其范畴小于subject，既可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想。
e.g. Do you pay interest on that account?
How much interest do they charge on loans?
Interest rates are running at record levels.
The sum was paid back to the bank with interest.
interest、advantage、benefit、profit都有“利益”的意思：
interest多用于表示一些抽象的，如“投资”中的权益或应付的“利息”；
advantage一般不用于表示所获得的物质利益；
benefit既可指具体利益，也可指抽象的收获或帮助；
profit通常只用于指具体利益，偶尔用于抽象事物，表示权力或知识的增长等。