註釋
1 屬於香港範圍的離島，近年因實施填海工程變為與大陸相連，數量愈來愈少，較明顯的例子如赤鱲角島、昂船洲。
2 九龍半島是指界限街以南的地區，與今天包括昔日新九龍各區的概念不同。“Report on the Census of the Colony for 1931”, Hong Kong Sessional Papers 1931, p. 99.
3 CO882/5, Lockhart, Stewart, “On the Extension of the Colony of Hong Kong”, 8 October 1898, p. 36.
4 根據1899年香港政府公報（Hong Kong Government Gazette）的數據，新界的土地面積為376平方哩，1900－1906年間，政府在新界及離島丈量土地，1907年公佈的數字為226,918英畝（918.3平方公里），這裏採用了丈量後公佈的數字，見Hong Kong Blue Book, 1907.
5 香港的土地面積不斷隨着填海工程有所增加，但官方對填海面積有多少，不同部門說法不一。1899年，政府公佈全港總面積為1,060平方公里，較1966年的1,032平方公里還要多（參考Land Utilization in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Government Printer, 1966, p. 1），故保守估計戰前香港填海面積應至少有45平方公里。規劃暑網頁：http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/ info_serv/statistic/landu html.
6 蘇澤霖：〈地貌〉，《香港地理》，廣州：廣東科技出版社，1985年，頁18－37。
7 港督曾發表聲明，說明英人無意移民香港。
8 十九世紀初，廣州是中國唯一對外開放的港口，所以香港是歐洲商旅往亞洲必經之地。自歐洲東來的商船，多先在香港補充食水，再北上廣州，或南下至東南亞各國，故歐洲人對香港海岸的形勢瞭如指掌。Sayer, Geoffrey Robley, Hong Kong, 1841-1862: Birth, Adolescence, and Coming of Age, Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, 1980, reprint, p. 23.
9 Sayer, G. R., Hong Kong: 1841-1862, Birth, Adolescence and Coming of Age, pp. 23-24; Taylor, E. S., Hong Kong as a Factor in British Relations With China, 1834-1860, London, 1967, p. 30.
10 Mapping Hong Kong, A Historical Atlas, Lands Department, Hong Kong, Government Printer, p. 128.
11 Chiu, T. N., The Port of Hong Kong, A Survey of Its Development, Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, 1973, p. 5.
12 香港商業彙報編：《香港建造業百年史》，香港，1958，頁40。
13 The Friend of China and Hong Kong Gazette, 31 March 1842.
14 The Friend of China and Hong Kong Gazette, 7 April 1842.
15 The Friend of China and Hong Kong Gazette, 5 January 1843.
16 1844年政府成立總測量官署（Surveyor General’s Office），1883年總測量官署改稱工務司署，1891年總量地官改稱工務司。Hong Kong Blue Book, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co., 1844-1892; Ho Pui-yin, The Administrative History of the Hong Kong Government Agencies 1841-2002, Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, 2004, p. 119.
17 CO 129/4, “Despatch From Colonial Land and Emigration Office”, 9 December 1843, pp. 216-220.
18 CO129，何佩然：《地換山移：香港海港及土地發展160年》，香港：商務印書館，2004。
19 1842 Pottinger’s Map, Mapping Hong Kong, pp. 160-161.
20 The Hongkong Government Gazette, 12 October 1861, p. 315.
21 梁炳華編：《香港中西區風物志》，香港：中西區區議會，2011，頁285；吳昊、張建浩編：《香港老花鏡之生活舊貌》，香港：皇冠出版社，1996，頁155。
22 「香港動植物公園」：www.lcsd.gov.hk/tc/parks/hkzbg/；Hui, Desmond, Selected Historic Buildings and Sites in Central District, Hong Kong: Antiquities and Monuments Office of the Leisure and Cultural Services Dept., 2004, p. 68.
23 黎存志、葉國樑：《香港植物標本室：130週年》，香港：漁農自然護理署，2008，頁18。
24 漁農自然護理署：《香港植物標本室》，香港：漁農自然護理署，2006，頁2；http://herbarium.gov.hk/DocFile/Publications/2014325174392962.pdf。
25 Bonds for $300 by Affat as surety for Assen the Contractor to cut and level site for new Government House, Public Records Office of Hong Kong, HKRS No 149, D & S No 2/ 81.
26 Lo, C. P., “Changing Population Distribution in the Hong Kong New Territories”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 58, no.2, June 1968, pp. 273-284.
27 “Return of All Public Works, Civil Roads, Canals, Bridges, Buildings, & C., not of a military nature, which have been undertaken during the year”, Hong Kong Blue Book, H2 Public Works, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co., 1844-1882.
28 “Report of the Director of Public Works”, Hong Kong Sessional Papers, Hong Kong Noronha & Co, 1893-1903; “Praya Reclamation Scheme”, Hong Kong Sessional Papers, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co, 1889, pp. 23-30；何佩然：《地換山移：香港海港及土地發展一百六十年》，頁73。
29 Empson, Hal, Mapping Hong Kong, A Historical Atlas, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Government Printer, pp. 179-180.
30 “Report of the Director of Public Works for the Year 1899”, Hong Kong Sessional Papers, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co, 1900, No. 14/1900, p. 232.
31 CO129/5 “Detailed Account Disbursements of the Land Department From June 1841 to January 1844”, 10 February 1844.
32 The Military Cantonment (1880), in Hal Empson, Mapping Hong Kong, A Historical Atlas, Hong Kong, Government printer, p. 164.
33 “Return of All Public Works, Civil Roads, Canals, Bridges, Buildings, &c., Not of a Military Nature, Which Have Been Undertaken During the Year”, Hong Kong Blue Book, H2, Public Works, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co, 1844-1882, CO133/3.
34 “Report of the Director of Public Works for the Year 1900”, Hong Kong Sessional Papers, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co, 1901 No 16, p. 337.
35 The Hong Kong Government Gazette, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co, 11 May 1901, pp. 959, 961.
36 “Report of the Director of Public Works for the Year 1900”, Hong Kong Sessional Papers, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co, 1901 No 16, p. 337.
37 The Hong Kong Government Gazette, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co, 30 October, 1897, p. 922.
38 Hongkong Telegraph, 28 May 1896.
39 Map of Hong Kong Central 1911, in Hal Empson, Mapping Hong Kong, A Historical Atlas, p.165.
40 The Hongkong Government Gazette, 19 June 1897.
41 The Hongkong Government Gazette, 14 January 1899.
42 Hong Kong Hanard, 12 July 1904, p.36 (www.legco.gov. hk/1904/h040712.pdf).
43 Hong Kong Hanard, 13 September 1906, p.37 (www.legco. gov.hk/1906/h060913.pdf).
44 Hong Kong Hanard, 24 September 1908, p.122 (www.legco. gov.hk/1908/h080924.pdf).
45 Hong Kong Hanard, 29 Septemeber 1910, p.102 (www.legco. gov.hk/1910/h100929.pdf).
46 “Report of the Director of Public Works for the Year 1911”, Hongkong Administrative Reports, Hong Kong Government, 1911, Appendix P, p.22.
47 “Report of the Director of Public Works for the Year 1921”, Hong Kong Administrative Reports, Hong Kong Government, 1922, Appendix Q, Q 59-60; “Report of the Director of Public Works for the Year 1924 ”, Hong Kong Administrative Reports, Hong Kong Government, 1925, Appendix Q, Q 89.
48 The Hongkong Government Gazette, 14 January 1899；Hong Kong Hanard, 14 September 1904, p.42 (www.legco.gov. hk/1904/h040914.pdf).
49 The Hong Kong Government Gazette, Government Notification no.98, 15 Oct 1859.
50 Jackson, Leonard, The Hong Kong Waterworks, Hong Kong, Local printing press, 1949, p. 31.
51 水務署：《水務便覽2015》，2015年8月，頁14（www.wsd. gov.hk/filemanager/tc/share/pdf/key_facts_2015.pdf）。
52 www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/so20_tc.jsp.
53 Ho Pui-yin, Water for a Barren Rock, 150 Years of Water Supply in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The Commercial Press, 2001, p. 94.
54 〈香港全年氣溫及雨量的排行〉，香港天文台網頁http://www. hko.gov.hk/cis/statistic/crank13.htm
55 Summary of Meteorological Observations in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Royal Observatory, 1993-1999.
56 Peacock, J.E. (ed.), Hong Kong Meteorological Records & Climatological Notes 60 Years, Hong Kong Royal Observatory, 1951; Meteorological Results Annual Report, Hong Kong Royal Observatory, 1951-1990; Bell, G. J., and Chin, P.C., The Probable Maximum Rainfall in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Government Press, 1968; Peterson, P., The Rainfall of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Government Press, 1957, p.3.
57 Historical and Statistical Abstract of the Colony of Hong Kong 1841-1930, Hong Kong Government, Noronha & Co, 1932, p. 1.
58 The Friend of China and Hong Kong Gazette, 7 April 1842.
59 Talbot, Henry D., “An Outline of the Urban Development of Hong Kong Island during the Nineteenth Century”, Dwyer, D.J.ed., The Changing Face of Hong Kong, HKBRAS, 1971, p. 57.
60 The Friend of China and Hong Kong Gazette, 3 January 1852, p. 2.
61 CO129/38, No. 89, “Special Report from Police Department to Major Caine”, 29 December 1851, pp. 120-127; The Friend of China and Hong Kong Gazette, 31 December, 1851, pp. 426-427.
62 The Friend of China and Hong Kong Gazette, 3 January 1853, pp. 2-3.
63 “Proposed Extension of Praya Bonham Strand –Supplementary Report and Estimate no 23 of 1868”, CO129/129, 24 March 1868.
64 CO129/129, “Proposed Extension of Praya Bonham Strand – Supplementary Report and Estimate No. 23 of 1868”, 24 March 1868.
65 香港天文台：《二零一四年熱帶氣旋》，香港：香港天文台，2015，頁86。
66 《華僑日報》，1964年5月29日；1964年10月18日；1966年5月29日。
67 1874年的人口總數其實是1872年的數據，Hong Kong Blue Book 1874, p.122；1873－1876年，政府並沒有進行人口統計，只援引1872年的數據作參考。The Hongkong Government Gazette, 24 February 1877, p.81.這裏也只提供參考。
68 Captain Supertendent of Police to Colonial Secretary, 30 September 1874, The Hong Kong Government Gazette, 17 October 1874, No.168.
69 CO129/170, pp.531-534.
70 CO129/170指出西營盤（Sai-ying Pun）為第二區（No.2 District），上環（Shueng Wan）為第四區（No.4 District）。
71 CO129/170, pp. 536-538.
72 CO129/174, “Foreshore in front of Naval and Military Reserves”, 11 July 1876, pp. 350-363.
73 Sayer, Geoffrey Robley, Hong Kong, 1862-1919: Years of Discretion, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1975, p. 39.
74 “Report of the Director of Public Works for the Year 1909”, Hong Kong Administrative Reports, Hong Kong Government, 1910, Appendix O.
75 《華僑日報》，1968年8月25日；1960年6月19日。
76 《華字日報》，香港，華字日報有限公司，1906年11月2日。
77 《華字日報》，1906年11月2日。
78 何佩然：《風雲可測—香港天文台與社會變遷》，歷年的天災回顧，頁81。
79 《華僑日報》，1960年6月19日。
80 “Correspondence Regarding the Typhoon Shelter at Mongkoktsui and the Proposed Temporary Increase in Light Dues”, Hong Kong Sessional Papers, No 24, 1908, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co, 1909, pp. 506-507.
81 “Report of the Director of Public Works for the Year 1915”, Hong Kong Administrative Reports, Hong Kong Government, 1916, Appendix Q, Q 86-88.
82 CO129/377, “Memo in Reply to Messrs Deacon, Looker &Deacon’s Letter”, 18 March 1911; 7 April 1911; 18 April 1911.
83 “Report of the Director of Public Works for the Year 1916”, Hong Kong Administrative Reports, Hong Kong Government, 1916, Appendix Q, Q 74.
84 “Medical Report on the Prevalence of Bubonic Plague in the Colony of Hong Kong during the years 1895 and 1896”, Hong Kong Legislative Sessional Papers, 1897, Hong Kong, Government Printer, p. 289; 《香港華字日報》，1895年6月21日，1895年12月30日。
85 Wilm, Epidemic of Bubonic Plague at Hong Kong in the year 1896, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co., 1897, p. 23.
86 姚松炎：〈香港鼠疫、衛生環境與建築〉。
87 Ripon, “Governor’s Despatch to the Secretary of State with Reference to the Plague”, Hong Kong Legislative Sessional Papers, 1894, Hong Kong, Government Printer, p. 283.
88 Ripon, “Governor’s Despatch to the Secretary of State with Reference to the Plague”, Hong Kong Legislative Sessional Papers, 1894, Hong Kong, Government Printer, p. 286.
89 Ripon, “Hong Kong Governor’s Despatch to the Secretary of State with Reference to the Plague”, Hong Kong Legislative Sessional Papers, June 20, 1894, No. 21/1894, Hong Kong, Government Printer.
90 Robinson, William, “Hong Kong Governor’s Despatch to the Secretary of State with Reference to the Plague”, Hong Kong Legislative Sessional Papers, 1894, Hong Kong, Government Printer, p. 288.
91 Ripon, “Hong Kong Governor’s Despatch to the Secretary of State with Reference to the Plague”, Hong Kong Legislative Sessional Papers, June 20, 1894, No. 21, Hong Kong, Government Printer.
92 “Report of the Medical Officer of Health on the Epidemic of Bubonic Fever (Plague) During the half year ending June 30, 1901”, Hong Kong Legislative Sessional Papers, 1901, No. 35, Hong Kong Government Printer, p. 457.
93 Chamberlain, Joseph, “Governor’s Despatch on the Incipience and Progress of the Bubonic Plague in Hong Kong during 1896”, Hong Kong Sessional Papers, May 1896, No. 27, Hong Kong, Government Printer.
94 Chow, W. Edward, “Report of the Government Analyst”, Hong Kong Sessional Papers, Hong Kong, Government Printer, p. 310.
95 根據水務署2000年香港食水衛生標準報告。
96 Dr. M. Wilm：Epidemic of Bubonic Plague at Hong Kong in the Year 1896, p. 27.
97 “Return of the Population and of the Marriages, Births and Deaths”, Hong Kong Blue Book, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co., 1861.
98 “Report on the Census of the Colony for 1891”, The Hong Kong Government Gazette, 28 September 1901, p. 754.
99 The Hongkong Government Gazette, 30 March 1895, p. 262.
100 C.O. Dispatch 18002. Sept. 7, 1894.
101 Platt, Jerome J., The Whitewash Brigade: The Hong Kong Plague of 1894, London: Dix Noonan Webb, 1998, p.78.
102 Hongkong Telegraph , 11 January 1895.
103 “Report on the Census of the Colony for 1897”, Hong Kong Sessional Paper 1897, p. 485.
104 “Annual Report of the Director of Public Works, for the Year 1900”, The Hong Kong Government Gazette, 11 May 1901, p.957.
105 《普仁街（保良局舊址）改建嘗鋪碑記》。
106 “Resumption Schemes Financial Statement, to May 1st, 1905”, Hong Kong Sessional Paper 1905, p. 1.
107 “Resumption Schemes Financial Statement, to May 1st, 1905”, Hong Kong Sessional Paper 1905, p. 18.
108 廣州史地方志編篡委員會：《廣州市志》，卷十八，廣州：廣州出版社，1996，頁270；廣州史志叢書編審委員會：《近代廣州口岸經濟社會概況—粵海關報告匯集（1860－1949）》，廣州：暨南大學出版社，1995，頁928。
109 G. B., Endacott, Fragrant Harbour, A Short History of Hong Kong, p. 128.
110 The Friend of China and Hong Kong Gazette, 5 January 1843.
111 CO129/2, “Gordon to Pottinger”, 19 December 1843, p. 445.
112 CO129/5, “Woosnam to Gordon”, 10 January 1844, p. 69.
113 CO129/2, “Davis to Stanley”, 26 July 1844, p. 435.
114 The Friend of China and Hong Kong Gazette, 10 August 1844.
115 CO 129/6, “Carrie, Gutzlaff and Gordon to Bruce”, 21 May 1844, p. 444.
116 CO129/6, “Carrie, Gutzlaff and Gordon to Pottinger”, 21 May 1844, p. 440.
117 “An Ordinance for Establishing a Registry of the Inhabitants of the Island of Hongkong and its Dependencies”, Hong Kong Government Gazette, 21 August 1844.
118 “An Ordinance to repeal Ordinance No 16 of 1844 and to Establish a Registry and Census of the Inhabitants of the Island of Hongkong”, Hong Kong Government Gazette, 13 November 1844.
119 Ordinance no.6 of 1857, Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online (http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/7aba90fa0b9491d70d8 8f47787206a9f.pdf), paragraphs 8-12.
120 Government Notification, no.69, Hong Kong Government Gazette, 9 May 1857, p. 14.
121 Hong Kong Sessional Papers 1900, p. 337
122 “Ordinance No 5 of 1844”, A. J. Leach, The Ordinances of the Legislative Council of the Colony of Hongkong, commencing with the year 1844 / compiled for the Government of Hongkong, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co., 1890-1891, p.14.
123 一宗在下市場發生的嚴重火災，燒毁了四五十間茅屋，政府構思規管華人用磚蓋建房屋，參見Friend of China,1 December 1842; 23 Oct 1844。
124 Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online, 1844 – 1888.
125 Ordinance no.13 of 1844, Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online (http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/b71f055644e0a d4ac24dd499cc3985c3.pdf).
126 Ordinance no.3 of 1853, Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online(http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/fd0bce8e1e766663462 e1ace14e8d8dd.pdf).
127 Ordinance no.6 of 1857, Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online (http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/7aba90fa0b9491d70d8 8f47787206a9f.pdf).
128 No.6 of 1857 – An Ordinance for Registration and Regulation of the Chinese People.
129 “Number and Cost of District Watchmen”, Hong Kong Government Gazette, 11 June 1881, pp.448-452
130 “Hongkong Anno Tricesimo Victorie Regine. No. 7 of 1866”, The Hong Kong Government Gazette, 25 August 1866, p. 336.即“Victoria Registration Ordinance, 1866”.
131 “Report of Colonial Surgeon 1854”, Hong Kong Government Gazette, 9 July 1855, p. 358.
132 “Report of the Commission appointed to inquire into the existence of Yellow Fever”, Hong Kong Government Gazette, 12 May 1866, p. 190.
133 “Report of Colonial Surgeon 1877”, Hong Kong Government Gazette, 23th November, 1878, p. 563.
134 The Honourable T.H. Whitehead, Commissioner’s Report on the Tung Wa Hospital, Hong Kong, 17th October, 1896, Hong Kong Sessional Papers, Appendix III, Memorandum by Governor Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell, C.B., Concerning the ‘‘I-Ts’z’’ or Chinese Hospital for Moribund Patients, Enclosure 4, Registrar to Colonial Secretary, Victoria, Hong Kong, 19 February, 1867, p. XIV.
135 Rosen, George, A History of Public Health, New York, MD Publication, 1958, pp. 206-223.
136 Chadwick, Osbert, Mr. Chadwick’s Reports on the Sanitary Condition of Hong Kong, Nov. 1882; April 1902.
137 Chadwick, Osbert, Mr. Chadwick’s Reports on the Sanitary Condition of Hong Kong, co.882, Nov. 1882; Wilm, A Report on the Epidemic of Bubonic Plague at Hong Kong in the Year 1896, Hong Kong, Noronha & Co., 1897, p. 27.
138 Hugh McCallum’s Report in Mr Chadwick’s Report on the Sanitary Condition of Hong Kong with Appendices and Plans, Colonial Office: CO.882, Nov 1882, p.17.。
139 CO882/4 “Sanitation of Hong Kong – O. Chadwick’s Report”, 18 July 1882, p. 8, paragraph 5; p. 26, paragraph 146; p. 30 paragraph 130.
140 CO882/4 “Sanitation of Hong Kong – O. Chadwick’s Report”, 18 July 1882.
141 CO 129/237, Ordinance 16 of European Reservation, 8 May, 1888, pp 398-408 ; Mapping Hong Kong, p.150
142 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Census Reports, 1841-1897.
143 “Report on the Sewerage of the High-Level District of the City of Victoria”, The Hong Kong Government Gazette, 1890; “Report on the Drainage of the Lower Western and Central District of Victoria”, The Hong Kong Gazette, 1890; “Report of the Drainage of the Eastern District of Victoria”, The Hong Kong Gazette, 1890;《香港華字日報》，1895年6月21日。
144 “Medical Report on Prevalence of Bubonic Plague in the Colony of Hong Kong during the years 1895 and 1896”Hong Kong Legislative Sessional Papers, 1897, Hong Kong Government Printer, p. 289.
145 Rosen, George, A History of Public Health, New York, MD Publication, 1958, pp. 208-211.