1.张惠箴，蒋智铭，施琳.假增生型前列腺癌的病理学特征.中华病理学杂志，2007，36：742-745.

2.蒋智铭.前列腺诊断病理学.上海：上海世纪出版股份有限公司，上海科技教育出版社，2008：32-90.

3.张祥华. pT0前列腺癌的临床诊治特点［J］. 中华临床医师杂志：电子版，2011，5（3）：4-6.

4.Epstein JI，Allsbrook WC，Amin MB，et al. The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology（ISUP）Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol，2005，29（9）：1228-1242.

5.Gokden N，Roehl KA，Catalona WJ，et al. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in needle biopsy as risk factor for detection of adenocarcinoma：current level of risk in screening population. Urology，2005，65（3）：538-542.

6.Schlesinger C，Bostwick DG，Iczkowski KA. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and atypical small acinar proliferation：predictive value for cancer in current practice. Am J Surg Pathol，2005，29（9）：1201-1207.

7.Epstein JI，Herawi M. Prostate needle biopsies containing prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical foci suspicious for carcinoma：implications for patient care. J Urol，2006，175（3 Pt 1）：820-834.

8.Evans AJ，Humphrey PA，Belani J，et al. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate：a clinicopathologic summary of 7 cases of a rare manifestation of advanced prostate cancer. Am J Surg Pathol，2006，30（6）：684-693.

9.Ali TZ，Epstein JI. Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate：a clinicopathologic study of 29 cases. Am J Surg Pathol，2007，31（5）：697-705.

10.Chuang A-Y，DeMarzo AM，Veltri RW，et al. Immunohistochemical differentiation of high-grade prostate carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol，2007，31（8）：1246-1255.

11.Arista-Nasr J，Martinez-Benitez B，Camorlinga-Tagle N，et al. Foamy gland microcarcinoma in needle prostatic biopsy. Ann Diagn Pathol，2008，12（5）：349-355.

12.Orihuela E，Green JM. Ductal prostate cancer：contemporary management and outcomes. Urol Oncol，2008，26（4）：368-371.

13.Gurski J L，Chen Y，Zhao J，et al. pT0 is not benign disease：there is risk of progression in patients with no cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens. Journal of Urology，2009，181（4）：208.

14.Wang W，Epstein JI. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 95 cases. Am J Surg Pathol，2008，32（1）：65-71.

15.Duffield AS，Epstein JI. Detection of cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens with no residual carcinoma in the initial review of slides. Am J Surg Pathol，2009，33（1）：120-125.

16.Epstein JI，Zelefsky MJ，Sjoberg DD，et al. A Contemporary Prostate Cancer Grading System：A Validated Alternative to the Gleason Score. Eur Urol，2016，69（3）：428-435.

17.Huynh MA，Chen M-H，Wu J，et al. Gleason Score 3+5 or 5+3 versus 4+4 Prostate Cancer：The Risk of Death. Eur Urol，2016，69（6）：976-979.

18.EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1：Screening，Diagnosis，and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. Eur Urol. 2017Apr；71（4）：618-629.http://uroweb. org/guideline/prostate-cancer/. http://uroweb. org/guideline/prostate-cancer/.