五 结语
土耳其国家身份的变化根植于社会的发展变革，但其重塑进程受到埃尔多安和正义与发展党的强力引导。政治领袖和执政党的介入实现了这一过程从“自发”到“自觉”的转变，也使国家身份重塑的影响即时体现在土耳其的内外政策中。从动机上看，埃尔多安有意在变化了的历史条件下修改凯末尔主义中有关国家定位的不完整的内容；从效果上看，他正借助于土社会的现实，糅合自己的意识形态偏好与政治理想，塑造着一个更贴近现实、更具代表性的“新土耳其”。
在非暴力革命的环境中，国家身份重塑将是一个长期的、反复的过程。一方面是由于矫枉常常过正，旧身份认同的反弹会刺激埃尔多安和正义与发展党在政策层面上用力过猛，由官方倡导的、新的身份认同与社会现实需要经过反复的磨合才能达到某种相对稳定的平衡。二是由于土耳其国家本身也还处于变动之中，尤其在中东大国权力消长、地区秩序重组的大环境下，埃尔多安和正义与发展党也在不断调试“内”与“外”的关系。受此影响，未来土耳其的政策仍将出现一定程度的摇摆，但国家身份重塑的大方向恐难以改变。正如此前的土耳其镌刻着凯末尔主义的特征一样，正在形成的“新土耳其”将不可避免地带有埃尔多安和正义与发展党的鲜明印记。
（缺英文标题）
Li Yanan
Abstract：Turkish national identity has being reshaped under the leadership of the Justice and Development Party （AKP）since the ‘Arab Spring’ in 2011.It reoriented Turkey from a quasi-European country to a virtual Middle-Eastern one and replaced the Kemalist nationalism with an Islamic one，which be called as Erdoganism revolution or，occasionally，a ‘counterrevolution’.The transformation is driven comprehensively by many factors：the “Islamism” and “neo-Ottomanism” ideology of AKP； the changed ruling foundation； and the regional upheaval as an external impetus.National identity-reshaping impacts immediately on Turkey's domestic and foreign policies.Its diplomatic strategy began to “looking east”，gradually alienating United States and EU； its regional policy are getting more aggressive，deeply involving in external conflicts and trying hard to cultivate allies and proxies in the Islamic world； its domestic policy are controversial，easing the restrictions on religious and introducing more Islamic education，which raised the fear of social-Islamization.
Keywords：Turkey；National-identity；AK-Party；Islam
Author Profile：Li Yanan is a research assistant of Middle East Institute， China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations. She studies on Turkish diplomacy and politics， International relations.
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[40]土耳其与以色列曾经历过一段双边关系的蜜月期，但矛盾最终还是围绕穆兄会问题爆发。埃尔多安希望能说服巴沙尔·阿萨德将叙利亚的穆兄会组织合法化、准许其参与政治进程，但遭到严词拒绝。参见Bayram Balci，“Turkey's Relations with the Syrian Opposition，”https：//carnegieendowment.org/2012/04/13/turkey-s-relations-with-syrian-opposition-pub-47841。（检索日期：2018年5月）
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