List 04
高频词汇篇
007fer=bring,carry
008rect=straight,right
009viv,vit,vig=l ife
010em,empt,ampl=take
词根 007
fer=bring,carry,表示“带来,拿来”
differ
['dIfə(r)]
v.(from).……不 同;
(with).……意见不同
记 [dif-dis-away,fer-bring]dif表“分开”,fer为“带来”→分开拿,各执己见→v.与……不同;与……意见不同
英 v.be of d ifferent opin ions;be different
类d ifferent a.不同的,差异的
例 2015.Part[B]
Ways of reading on a train or in bed arelikely to d iffer considerably from read ing in a sem inar room.
在火车上或在床上阅读很可能会与在会议室里阅读有极大的区别。
difference
['dIfrəns]
n.差异;不同;争执
记 [differ,ence]动词d iffer的名词形式→n.差异;不同
英 n.the qual ity of being unlike or dissim ilar;a variation that deviates from the standard or norm
例 2007.Text 1
in other words,whatever inborn d ifferences two people may exhibit in their abil ities to memorize,those differences are swamped by how welleach person“encodes”the informa-tion.
换句话说,无论两个人在记忆力方面展现出来多少天生的差异,但这些差异和每个人对信息进行“编码”的能力相比,就无关紧要了。
indifferent
[In'dIfrənt]
a.冷漠的,漠不关心的
记 [in-not,different]in表示“没有”,different不同的→相同还是不同无所谓→a.漠不关心的,冷漠的
英 a.marked by a lack of interest;showing no care or concern in attitude or action
例 2015.Text 3(2)
in a workplace that’s fundamental ly ind ifferent to yourlife and its mean ing,office speak can hel p you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.
在一个与你生活和其意义从根本上不相关的工作场所,办公室语言能帮助你认清你和工作是如何关联的,以及你的工作是如何定义你是谁的。
refer
[rI'fз:(r)]
v.参考;涉及;提到;适用于
记 [re-again,fer-bring]前缀re为“反复”,fer词根为“带来”→把某些东西反复拿来看→vt.参考;反复拿来说→vi.提到
英 v.have to do with or be relevant to;make reference to
类reference n.提及;涉及;参考
refer to涉及,指的是
refer to...as把……当成……
例 2014.完形
As the brain fades,we refer to these occur- rences as“sen ior moments”.
当大脑衰退的时候,我们把这些现象称为“老年的时刻”。
例 2009.Text 4
40.The text suggests that early settlers in New England____.
[A]were mostly engaged in pol itical activities
[B]were motivated by an illusory prospect
[C]came from different intellectual backgrounds
[D]left few formal records for later reference
译文:文章指出新英格兰的早期移民____。
[A]大部分从事政治活动
[B]被虚幻的前景所激励
[C]来自不同的知识背景
[D]几乎没有留下可供后人参考的正式记载
offer
['ɒfə(r)]
v.提供;提议;出现n.出
价;提议;意图
记 [off-intensive,fer-bring]off(一个元音加两个辅音)表“加强或去”,fer为“带来”→去给别人带来某个东西→v.提议;提供n.提议;意图
英 v.make available or accessible,provide or furn ish;present for acceptance or rejection
类offering n.提供;祭品;奉献物;牲礼
例 2012.Part[C]
Here,Darwin ism seems to offer j ustification for if allhumans share common origins,it seems reasonable to suppose that cu ltural di-versity cou ld also be traced to more con-strained beginn ings.
这里,进化论似乎提供了一个证据,因为如果全人类都分享着共同的起源,似乎有理由认为文化多样性也可以追溯到更有限的开端。
infer
[In'fз:(r)]
v.推论,推断
记 [in-inner,fer-bring]in表示“里”,fer为“带来”→通过内心思考后而带来想法的行为→v.推断,推论
英 v.reason by deduction;establ ish by deduc-tion;concl ude by reason ing
类inference n.推论,推理,推断
例 2015.Part[B]
You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cl ues.
你推断的信息是那些你觉得作者是通过向你展示明确的证据和线索来邀请你去把握的内容。
suffer
['sʌfə(r)]
v.(from)受痛苦,患病;受损失;遭受;忍受
记 [suf-sub-down,fer-bring]suf表“下面”,fer为“带来”→带到“下面”让人受苦→v.受痛苦,患病;遭受
英 v.undergo or be subjected to;put up with something or somebody unpleasant
类suffering n.身体或心灵的痛苦,苦难;
各种苦恼
例 2014.Text 4(2)
37.It can be learned that affordable housing has____.
[A]increased its home supply
[B]offered spending opportun ities
[C]suffered government biases
[D]disappointed the government
译文:从文中可知,经济适用房____。
[A]增加了家庭住房供应量
[B]提供了支出机会
[C]遭到了政府部门的歧视
[D]使政府部门失望
例 2014.Part[C]
One cou ld interpret much of the work of Bee- thoven by saying that suffering is inevitable,but the courage to fight it renderslife worth living.
我们可以用这种方式来解读贝多芬大部分的作品:痛苦是不可避免的,但是战胜痛苦的勇气使得生活变得有价值。
confer
[kən'fз:(r)]
v.给予;授予,颁给(勋
衔,学位等)
记 [con,fer]con前缀,表示all,together,词根fer表示“带来”→把全部的问题带来,放到桌面上讨论→vi.商讨;毕业典礼上,校长把学位证和毕业证一起带来给你→vt.授予,颁给
英 v.have a conference in order to tal k some-thing over;present
类conference n.(正式)会议;讨论,商谈
international conference国际会议
press conference记者招待会
例 2007.Text 1
What m ight account for th is strange phenom-enon?Here are a few guesses:a)certain astrolog icalsigns confer superior soccer skil ls;b)w inter-born bab ies tend to have higher oxygen capac ity,wh ich increases soccer stam ina;c)soccer-mad parents are morelikely to conceive ch ildren in spring-time,at the annualpeak of soccer man ia;d)none of the above.
该如何解释这个奇怪的现象呢?这里有几种猜测:a)某些星座可以给予球员优秀的足球技能;b)冬天出身的孩子容易有更高的血氧容量,这会增加他们在踢足球时的耐力;c)疯狂热爱足球的父母更可能在每年足球狂热巅峰的春天怀孕;d)以上猜想都不是。
transfer
[træns'fз:(r)]
['trænsʃз:(r)]
vt./n.转移;转换;转
让;过户;迁移;改乘
记 [trans-through,fer-bring]trans表“越过”,fer为“带来”→把东西拿过去→
vt./n.转移;转换
英 v.move from one p lace to another/n.the act of moving someth ing from one location to another
类transferab le a.可 转 让 的;可 流 通的;可传递的
例 2011.Part[B]
But the key idea beh ind professional ization,argues Mr.Menand,is that“the know ledge and skil ls needed for a particu lar spec ial iza-tion are transm issib le but not transferab le”.
但梅南先生认为,专业化背后的关键理念是“某一详细的专业化所需的知识和技能是可以传播的,但不可转让”。
interfere
['Intə'fIə(r)]
vi.干预;调停;妨碍
记 [inter-among,fer-take,e]inter表“之间”,fer为“拿”→把两个人之间的矛盾拿走→vi.干预;调停;妨碍
类interference n.干涉,介入;阻碍,干扰
prefer
[prI'fз:(r)]
v.更喜欢,宁愿
记 [pre-ahead,fer]前缀pre为“提前”,fer词根为“拿”→提前拿→v.更喜欢,宁愿
英 v.like better;value more h igh ly;select as an alternative;choose instead
短 prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不做……
prefer A to B宁要……不要……
类 preferred a.首选的
preference n.较喜欢的东西,偏爱;优
待,优惠,优先权
例 2010.Part[B]
The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out.
消费者对于外出就餐越来越多的偏爱是第一也是更重要的一种趋势。
preferable
['prefrəbl]
a.更好的,更可取的
记 [prefer,able]prefer表“更喜欢”,able表“能够”→让人能更喜欢的→a.更好的,更可取的
a.more desirable than another
例 2007.Part[C]
While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journal ists to rely on their own notions of sign ificance and make their own j udgments.
尽管律师给出的评论和反馈可能会提高新闻报道的质量,但更可取的是,记者还是应该依靠自己对于重要性的认识自行做出判断。
fertile
['fз:taIl]
a.肥沃的;多产的
记 [fert-fer-bring,ile-a.]fert为“带来”,ile表形容词→能够带来粮食的→a.肥沃的
英 a.marked by great fru itfulness;capable of reproducing
类fertil ity n.肥沃;多产
fertil ize v.施肥
fertil izer n.肥料,化肥
deference
['deʃərəns]
n.顺从(defer+ence)
记 [de-坏,fer-bring,ence-n.]bring带来,de坏→带来一些坏的东西,强制让你接受,变名词→n.顺从
英 n.a d isposition or tendency to yield to the will of others
词根008
rect=straight,right,表示“.,.”
direction
[də'rekʃn]
n.方向,方位;指令;说明
记 [di-dis-away,rect-right/straight,ion-n.]direct为“直接的,径直的”,变成了名词→径直的方向→n.方位,方向;direct还有“指导”的意思,变成名词→n.指令,说明
英 n.the spatial relation between something and the course along which it points or moves
短 in every d irection向四面八方
clockwise d irection顺时针方向
例 2009.Part[B]
Historical particu larism,which emphasizedthe un iqueness of all cu ltures,gave new direction to anthropology.
强调了各种文化独特性的历史特殊主义理论为人类学指明了新的方向。
right
[raIt]
a.右的;正确的n.权利,正义
ad.在右边;正确地
记 必备托儿所词汇(没法讲了),形容词为“正确的”,名词为“正义和权利”
英 a.correct in opinion or judgment/n.anything in accord with principles of justice
短 excl usive right专有权
human right人权
copy right版权
例 2014.Part[C]
He was not interested in dailypol itics,but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.
他对日常的政治活动并不感兴趣,而是关注道德行为的问题和更大的、影响整个社会是非对错的问题。
correct
[kə'rekt]
a.正确的,对的;合适的,符
合的vt.改正,纠正
记 [cor-all/together,rect-right]co+辅音意思表“所有”,rect词根为“正、直”的意思→全都正确的,正正好好的→a.正确的;全都变正确→vt.改正,纠正
英 v.correct in opin ion or judgment;alter or regu late so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard
类incorrectly ad.不正确地,错误地
例 2008.Part[B]
Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write.Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.
许多优秀的作家根本不用提纲,而是边写边发现文章结构。不要试图一上来就写出完美的初稿。
direct
[də'rekt]
a./ad.直接的,直的,
径直的vt.管理,指挥vi.指导
记 [di-dis-away,rect-right/straight]di前缀为“分开”,rect为“直”的意思→把东西分开排成直线→a.直的;排成直线,指引到正确的方向→v.管理,指导
英 v.command with authority/a.having no interven ing persons,agents,conditions
类 directly ad.直接地,径直地;马上,立即
directory n.人名地址录,(电话)号码簿
近straightforward a.正直的,坦率的;老
实的;简单的;易懂的
例 2010.Text 4(2)
In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
在直接民主中,公民轮流管理他们自己,而不是选取代表为他们执政。
solid
['sɒlId]
a.固体的;结实的,稳固的,可靠的n.固体
记 [sol,id]sol词根意思为“一”,后面加形容词后缀-id→单一的→联想,一个国家有一个政党统治才是稳固的→a.固体的;结实的,稳固的,可靠的;名词意思为“固体”
英 a.uninterrupted in space;having no gaps or breaks
director
[də'rektə(r)]
n.指导者,主任,导演
记 [direct,or-人]direct动词为“指导,管理”,加上名词后缀(人)→n.指导者,主任
英 n.someone who supervises the actors and directs the action in the production of a show
executive director执行董事
finance director财务经理
personnel director人事主管
例 2011.Text 1
The decision of the New York Phil harmon ic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the tal k of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his ap-pointment in 2009.
纽约爱乐乐团决定请艾伦·吉尔伯特担任其下一任音乐总监,自2009年突然宣布这个消息以来,这个任命就在古典音乐界引起热烈的议论。
liquid
['lIkwId]
n.液体a.液体的,液态的
记 字母l和字母i长得很像,把字母i上面的点想象成一个下降的水滴,后面的qu想象成汉字“去”→水滴向下去,后面加上形容词后缀-id→流水的→a.液体的
英 a.existing as or having characteristics of a liquid;especially tending to flow
类illiqu id a.非流动的
liquor n.酒;液体
illiquidity n.[金融]非流动性,流动性不足
例 2010.Text 4
Today they argue that market prices overstate losses,because they largely reflect the temporary illiqu idity of markets,not the likely extent of bad debts.
现今,他们认为市场价格过度夸大了亏损,因为这些价格主要反映了市场暂时的非流动性,而不能反映坏账的可能范围。
rectify
['rektIfaI]
vt.改正
记 [rect-right/straight,ify-vt.]词根rect为“正”,ify为动词后缀→使……变正确→vt.改正
英 vt.make right or correct
rectify econom ic order整顿经济秩序
rectify market order整顿市场秩序
例 2014.Text 4(2)
The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this.
政府支出的全面审查给政府提供了一个去帮助改正的机会。
authentic
[ɔ:'θentIk]
a.真的,真实的;可靠的
记 [auth-author,en-in,tic-a.]前面四个字母,形似“作者”author,en元音替换成in,tic为形容词→“作者(创始者)”心中的意思,这个消息一定是可靠的→a.可靠的,真实的
英 a.not counterfeit or copied;conform ing to
fact and therefore worthy of bel ief
近trustworthy,genu ine
类 author作者,著作家
authority权力;官方;权威
adm in istrative authority行政当局
authority assessment真实性评估
例 2007.Part[B]
Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their cl ique,pop stars and vaunted athletes.
孩子需要一些真实的榜样,而不是他们小圈子里的成员、明星和自负的运动员。
acid
['æsId]
n.酸,酸性物质a.酸的,酸味的;尖刻的
英 a.being sour to the taste;having the charac- teristics of an acid
近acute a.剧烈的;敏锐的;成锐角的;
尖的
rectangle
['rektæηgl]
n.[.]矩形,长方形
记 [rect-right,angle]前部分词根为“正”,后部分为“角”→各个角都是直角的型→n.矩形,长方形
类angle n.角,角度v.钓鱼;(采用各种方法)取得
erect
[I'rekt]
a.竖立的,直立的,挺立的
vt.使直立;竖起
记 [e-out,rect-right]竖直出来→a.竖立的;动词是“使东西直立出来”→vt.使直立,竖起
类erection n.直立;建造;建筑物;勃起
词根 009
viv,vit,vig=life,表示“生命”
life
[laIf]
n.生命,生存;一生,寿命;生活;生物
英 n.a characteristic state or mode ofliving;the course of existence of anindividual;the actions and events that occurinliving
类lifetime n.一生,终生
例 2009.Text 4
According to many books and articles,New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding,dominant Puritan traditionin Americanintel-lectuallife.
据许多书籍和文章记载,新英格兰的领袖们为在美国的知识文化生活中逐渐发展并占据了主导地位的清教传统建立了基本主题和关注焦点。
living
['lIvIη]
a.活的,有生命的;天然的;逼真的n.生活,生计
记 [liv,ing]live动词的变形→n.生活,生计
a.活的;有生命的
英 a.true to life;lifelike/n.the experience of being alive;the course of human events and activities
近livelihood n.生计,生活;营生
2009.Part[C]
Thereis a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others,and the deliberate educating of the young.
通过与别人相处所受到的教育和对年轻人有意识进行的教育,两者区别明显。
live
[lIv]
v.活着;生活,居住a.活的;生动的;直播的
记 [live-life]life(生命)的动词形式live→v.
活着a.活的;实况转播的
英 v.lead a certain kind oflife;livein a certain style/a.actual ly being performed at the time of hearing or viewing
类alive a.活着的;存在的;活跃的;(to)敏感的
例 2011.Text 1
There recordings are cheap,available every-where,and very often much higherin artistic quality than today’slive performances;more-over,they can be“consumed”at a time and place of thelistener’s choosing.
这些唱片十分便宜,而且到处都能买到,并且其艺术品质要比现如今的现场音乐会高出很多;而且,“欣赏”唱片的时间和地点还能由听众随意地选择。
survive
[sə'vaIv]
v.幸 免 于,幸 存;.……长
命;存在
记 [sur-over,vive-live]sur表“超过”,viv词根表live→寿命超过了别人→vt.幸存vi.活下来
英 v.continue tolive;endure or last;live longer than
类survival n.幸存,生存;幸存者,残存物
例 2015.Text 1
He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-politi-cal heads of state.
他并未意识到君主制之所以仍然存在,主要是因为他们提供了一种服务:作为无争议、非政治性的国家元首。
vital
['vaItəl]
a.生命的,有生气的;生死攸关的,重大的
记 [vit-life,al-a.]vit表“生命”,al为形容词→有生命的,关乎生命的→a.有生命的;生死攸关的
类revitalize vt.使恢复元气,使具有新的活力
例 2011.Text 1
25.Regarding Gilbert’s rolein revitalizing the Phil harmonic,the author feels____.
[A]doubtful [B]enthusiastic
[C]confident [D]puzzled
译文:对于吉尔伯特在复兴爱乐乐团上的作用,作者感到____。
[A]怀疑的 [B]热心的
[C]有信心的 [D]困惑的
vivid
['vIvId]
a.鲜明的;鲜艳的;生动的
记 [viv-life,id-a.]viv词根表“生命”,id为形容词后缀→a.生动的;有生气的
a.evokinglifelikeimages within the mind
例 2005.Text 3
The brainis as active during REM(rapid eye movement)sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—asitis when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.
匹兹堡大学的埃里克·诺夫辛格博士指出:在快速动眼睡眠阶段,也就是梦境最生动的时候,大脑与完全清醒时一样活跃。
revive
[rI'vaIv]
v.恢复;(.)复苏
记 [re-again,viv-life,e]re表“再次”,viv为“活”→再次有生命→v.恢复;复苏
英 v.give newlife or energy to;cause to regain
consciousness
类revival n.复活;复兴;恢复精神
vigorous
['vIgərəs]
a.朝气蓬勃的;精力旺盛的
记 [vigor-spirit,ous-a.]vigor表“精力”,ous为形容词→有活力的→a.朝气蓬勃的;精力旺盛的
英 a.characterized by forcefuland energetic ac-tion or activity;strong and active physical ly or mental ly
类vigor n.活力,精力
lively
['laIvli]
a.充满活力的;活泼的;轻快的
记 [live-v,ly-a.]live表“活着”,ly为形容词→a.活泼的;充满活力的
a.full of life and energy;quick and energetic
类liveliness n.活泼;热烈;鲜明
例 2005.Text 4
While even the modestly educated sought an ele-vated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,even the most wellregarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.Equal ly,in poetry,the highly per-sonal,performative genreis the only form that could claim realliveliness.in both oral and writ-ten English,talkingis triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft.
在20世纪60年代之前,虽然是稍受过教育的人在写东西时也会力求使用高雅睿智的语言,但在这之后,就算是大受好评的文章也开始追求使用口语化的英语。同样在诗歌中,只有非常个性化、富有表现力的作品类型才被认为是真正富有活力的。无论是口头英语还是书面英语,随意谈话胜过正式演讲,自然率性也胜过匠心独运。
词根 010
em,empt,ampl=take,表示“.,获得”
ample
['æmpl]
a.充分的,富裕的;宽敞的,宽
大的
记 [amp-empt,le-a.]amp理解为empt(元音a替换为e,脱落t)→拿了很多东西→a.充分的;富裕的
英 a.more than enoughin size or scope or capacity;affording an abundant supply
近abundant a.大量的,充足的
例 2005.Text 1
Such co-operationislikely to be stable on ly when each animal feelsitis not being cheated.Feelings of righteousindignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.
只有当每只猴子都没有觉得自己被欺骗时,这种合作才有可能持续下去。看来,义愤情绪不是人类的专属。拒绝接受较少的报酬完全能让群体中的其他成员很清楚地察觉到这种情绪。
example
[Ig'zα:mpl]
n.例子,实例;模范,榜样
记 基本单词,表“例子”→往外拿出来的,当作例子→ampl,em,empt词根为“拿”
例 2015.Text 1
While Europe’s monarchies willno doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come,itis the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.
虽然欧洲的君主们毫无疑问足够聪明,并且还能存活一段时间,但是对于英国王室来说,他们最担心的就是重蹈西班牙的覆辙。
sample
['sa:mpl]
n.样品;样本;例子vt.取
样;抽样检查;尝试
记 [s-se-away,amp-take,le]s理解为se,表“分开”,amp为“拿”→分开拿出,作为样本→n.样本v.取样
英 n.a smallpart of somethingintended as representative of the whole/v.take a sample of
例 2009.Text 2
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testingis on ly as good as the reference col-lections to which a sampleis compared.
批评者还声称,商业性的基因检测只是取决于用来与样本做对比的参考基因数据库。
prompt
[prɒmpt]
a.敏捷的;迅速的;即刻的
v.激起;促进;推动
记 [pro-forward,ompt-empt]pro往前,ompt理解为“拿”→快速地拿到外面来→a.敏捷的,迅速的v.激起
英 a.according to schedu le or without delay;characterized by speed and efficiency
类swift a./ad.快的(地);敏捷的
(地)a.立刻的n.雨燕
例 2015.Text 3(2)
The“Mommy Wars”of the 1990s are stil l going on today,prompting arguments about why women still can’t haveit alland books like Sheryl Sandberg’s LeanIn,whose title has become a buzzwordinits own right.
20世纪90年代的“妈妈战争”在今天仍然继续,并且引发了女性为何不能兼顾工作和家庭的讨论,还催生了如SherylSandberg《向前一步》这样的书,而且这本书的标题已经成了一个流行词。
empty
['emptI]
a.空的;空洞的v.倒空,使成为空的
记 [empt,y]把东西都拿出去→a.空的v.倒空
英 a.holding or containing nothing;devoid of significance or point
exemplify
[Ig'zemplIfaI]
v.举例证明;示范;.……的范例
[exemp-example,lify-v.]exemp表“例
子”,ify为动词→用例子证明→v.举例证明
v.be characteristic of;clarify by giving an example of