06 It's No Better to Put Your Child Into a Gifted Program
Being in a classroom full of "the best and brightest" students may not help fringe ones, according to new research that 1 popular theory. The study shows that students in a middle school gifted and 2 program perform no better on national tests than a similar group of students who didn't 3 for the program.
"This paper is part of a growing body of literature suggesting that just because you have stronger 4 don't necessarily mean you are going to perform better," says Scott, associate professor of economics and education at Michigan State University.
Gifted and talented programs have grown in 5 , with more than 3 million students now enrolled nationwide.
Using a 6 of more than 14,000 fifth-graders in an urban school district, researchers analyzed students' standardized test scores in math, science, reading, social studies and language arts.
The study 7 a group of children who qualified for a gifted and talented program by 8 meeting a certain threshold based on past academic performance. Their test scores were compared to the students who just missed meeting the threshold—in other words, students who were very similar 9 . The marginal students in the gifted and talented program showed no improvement in test scores over the non-qualifying students in any of the five subjects.
The study also looked at gifted and talented students who were picked in a lottery for a "magnet" program, which emphasizes a more 10 and specialized curriculum.
The researchers compared test scores of the magnet students who won the lottery to the gifted and talented students who lost the lottery and found no significant difference in four of the five subjects: math, reading, social studies and language arts. The magnet students did show improvement in science.
A)academically E)intensive I)popularity M)specimens
B)barely F)motivate J)qualify N)talented
C)contradicts G)objective K)sample O)targeted
D)intellectually H)peers L)socialization
选项分析
[名词]peers同龄人;同伴 popularity流行,普及 sample样本,例子 socialization社会化 specimens样本
[动词]contradicts与……矛盾 motivate激励 qualify有资格 targeted把……作为目标
[形容词]intensive加强的,集中的 objective客观的 talented有才能的
[副词]academically学业上 barely仅仅,勉强 intellectually智力上
长难句点睛
The researchers compared test scores of the magnet students who won the lottery to the gifted and talented students who lost the lottery and found no significant difference in four of the five subjects: math, reading, social studies and language arts. (Line 1, Para. 7)
[解析]该句的主干是The researchers compared test scores of the magnet students to the gifted and talented students...and found no difference。两个students后面各自都被who引导的定语从句修饰,compared...to将两个students连接起来。found与compared并列作整个句子的谓语。in four of the five subjects修饰difference。
[译文]研究人员对比了赢得“大彩”的“磁石”项目资优生和没有赢得“大彩”的资优生在五门学科中的四门:数学、阅读、社会调查、语言艺术课程的成绩,两者并无显著区别。
答案精解
1.C contradicts
[快速解题]动词辨义题。空格前是new research that,空格后是popular theory,可判断空格所在部分为that引导的定语从句,修饰限定先行词new research,再结合整个句子的一般现在时时态,可以判断空格处应填入第三人称单数形式的动词,作该定语从句的谓语,符合语法条件的只有contradicts,意为“与……矛盾”,故选C。
2.N talented
[快速解题]形容词辨义题。空格前是gifted and,空格后是program一词,由此可判断空格处应填入一个与gifted“有天赋的”并列的形容词。只有talented“有才能的”可与gifted在语义上并列,故选N。
3.J qualify
[快速解题]动词辨义题。分析空格所在句可知,该处是一个由who引导的定语从句,空格处应填入一个动词与for一起构成定语从句的谓语。备选词汇中只有qualify符合,qualify for是“合格,有……资格”的意思,故选J。
4.H peers
[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的形容词stronger和空格后的don't可判断空格处应填入一个名词。空格所在部分的意思是“……仅仅因为你有更强的______并不意味着你会表现得更好”,代入其他几个名词后句意明显不通,再联系本文的主旨:在资优班学生并不一定表现更好,可知只有peers“同龄人;同伴”符合此处语境,故选H。
5.I popularity
[快速解题]名词辨义题。由空格前的介词in可判断空格处应填入一个名词,构成介宾短语。根据空格后with more than 3 million students now enrolled nationwide(目前全国有300多万学生参加了资优班),可知该段在讨论资优班的受欢迎程度,popularity符合文意,故选I。
6.K sample
[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的不定冠词a可判断空格处应填入一个可数名词的单数形式。备选词汇中符合语法条件的名词只有sample,意为“样本,例子”,符合此处语境,故选K。
7.O targeted
[快速解题]动词辨义题。分析空格所在句子的结构和时态可知,空格处应填入一个动词过去式,作整个句子的谓语。备选词汇中只有 targeted“把……作为目标”符合此处语境,故选O。
8.B barely
[快速解题]副词辨义题。根据空格所在句子的结构可知,句中by引导了一个介宾短语,充当整个句子的方式状语,而介宾短语中的宾语由动名词短语meeting a certain threshold充当,由此可判断,空格处应填入一个副词,修饰动名词meeting,备选副词中只有barely“勉强”符合上下文语境,故选B。
9.A academically
[快速解题]副词辨义题。根据空格前的similar可以判断,此处空格处应填入一个副词来修饰形容词similar。空格所在分句中的students指的是前文中提到的两类学生,即刚刚达到成绩要求的资优生和只差一点就符合资优生要求的学生,由此可知学生们的学习成绩不相上下,academically“学业上”符合此处语境,故选A。
10.E intensive
[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格前的more和空格后的and specialized可判断,此处应填入一个可以与specialized“专业的”并列的形容词。intensive“加强的,集中的”符合上下文语境,故选E。
重难点词汇
fringe[frɪndʒ] n.边缘
associate[əˈsəʊʃieɪt] a.副的;联合的
threshold[ˈθreʃhəʊld] n. 入口;门槛;开始
curriculum[kəˈrɪkjələm] n.课程
全文译文
把孩子放入资优班并不见得好
新调查的发现与流行理论相悖:待在全是“最好、最聪明”学生的班级或许对边缘学生没有帮助。研究发现参加资优生项目的中学生的全国考试成绩并不比那些“非资优生”的考试成绩更好。
“和优秀同龄人一起并不一定意味着你会更成功,表明这一观点的文献越来越多,这篇报道只是其中之一而已。”密歇根州立大学经济和教育副教授斯科特说。
资优生项目近年来大受欢迎,全美现有300多万名学生参加这种项目。
研究人员采集了14000多份城区五年级学生的样本并分析了这些学生数学、科学、阅读、社会调查和语言艺术学科的标准化测验分数。
此次研究的目标群体是依据以往学习成绩刚刚符合某项门槛的项目“资优生”。研究人员把他们的成绩与差点就达到这个门槛的学生——换句话说,成绩非常相近的学生——的成绩进行了比较。在五门学科中任何一门的分数表现上,资优生项目的边缘学生都没有比非资优生高。
此次研究还调查了获得“大彩”参加“磁石”项目的资优生,即课程更集中、更专业的资优生。
研究人员对比了赢得“大彩”的“磁石”项目资优生和没有赢得“大彩”的资优生在五门学科中的四门:数学、阅读、社会调查、语言艺术课程的成绩,两者并无显著区别。不过,“磁石”资优生在科学课程方面的成绩确实领先。