分类词汇
一、国民经济和社会发展战略与宏观调控
The Strategy of National Economic and Social Development and Macroeconomic Control
（一）经济与社会发展
Economic and Social Development
党的基本方针
the Party's basic principle
党（在社会主义初级阶段）的基本路线
the Party's basic line（for the primary stage of socialism）
初级阶段
the Primary Stage
两个根本性转变
two fundamental shifts
两个基本点
two basic points
基本纲领
basic program
基本路线
basic line
基本经济制度
basic economic system
基本国策
basic state policy
“三个有利于”
“three favorables”
“三个有利于”的标准
the criterion of“three favorables”
社会生产力
social productive forces
社会主义初级阶段
primary stage of socialism
社会主义道路
socialist road
社会主义的发展动力
the motive force of socialist development
社会主义的发展阶段
the stages of development of socialism
社会主义的根本任务
the fundamental task of socialism
社会主义方向
socialist orientation/
the orientation of socialism
社会主义基本制度
the basic system of socialism
社会主义建设
socialist construction
社会主义建设的外部条件
the external conditions of socialist construction
社会主义建设的战略步骤
the strategic steps of socialist construction
社会主义现代化
socialist modernization
社会主义现代化建设
construction on socialist modernization
社会化生产
socialized production
生产关系
the relations of production/
productive relations
生产力
the productive forces
四项基本原则
the Four Cardinal Principles
四个现代化
the Four Modernizations
现代化建设
modernization construction
改革开放
reform and opening up/
reform and opening to the outside world
解放生产力
unfetter the productive forces/
liberation the productive forces/
to be unfettered by government regulation
发展动力
motive force/
development drives
发展阶段
the stages of development
发展经济
develop（or expand）the economy
发展生产力
develop the productive forces
发展模式
development model（mold）
发展势头
growth momentum
经济基础
economic base
经济命脉
economic artery
经济模式
economic mould（mold）
经济起飞
economic takeoff
经济实力
economic strength（power）
经济腾飞
economic liftoff
经济增长点
point of economic growth
经济增长率
economic growth rate
经济支柱
pillar of economy
国民经济
national economy
国力
national strength（power or might）
综合国力
the overall national strength
民富国强
make the people rich and the country strong
富民政策
policy of enriching the people
跃居
leap to a certain place
跃升
rise sharply
自力更生
self-reliance regenerate through one's own
efforts
底子薄
be at a low economic starting level
把发展作为党执政兴国第一要务
It is essential for the Party to give top priority to development in governing and rejuvenating the country.
把集中力量发展社会生产力摆在首要地位
It is necessary to give first priority to concentrating on the development of the productive forces.
把改革作为推进建设有中国特色社会主义事业各项工作的动力。
We should take reform as the motive force for promoting all the work in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家
turn China into a prosperous，strong，democratic，culturally advanced and modern socialist
country/
build our country into a socialist and
modernized one，which is prosperous，strong，democratic and civilized
保证国民经济持续快速健康发展，人民共享经济繁荣成果。
Ensure that the national economy will develop in a sustained，rapid and sound way and that the people will share the fruits of economic prosperity.
促进人类进步事业
promote the cause of human progress
到本世纪中叶基本实现现代化
accomplish basic modernization in the middle of this century
发展是硬道理
Development is the absolute principle.
集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设
concentrate on socialist modernization drive
建设有中国特色社会主义的经济，就是在社会主义条件下发展市场经济，不断解放和发展生产力
Building a socialist economy with Chinese characteristics means developing a market economy under socialism and constantly emancipating and developing the productive forces.
坚持和完善社会主义市场经济体制，使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用
Uphold and improve the socialist market economic structure so that the market will play a basic role in the allocation of resources under state macro-control.
人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾仍是我国的主要矛盾
The principal contradiction in our society is still one between the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and the backwardness of social production.社会主义的本质是：解放生产力，发展生产
力，消灭剥削，消除两极分化，最终实现共同富裕
The essence of socialism is liberation and development of the productive forces，elimination of exploitation and polarization，and the ultimate achievement of prosperity for all（or of common prosperity）.
社会主义的根本任务是发展社会生产力
The fundamental task of socialism is to develop the productive forces.
社会主义要消灭贫穷。贫穷不是社会主义，更不是共产主义
Socialism means eliminating poverty.Poverty is not socialism，still less communism.
社会主义初级阶段是逐步摆脱不发达状态，基本实现社会主义现代化的历史阶段
The primary stage of socialism is a historical stage in which we shall gradually put an end to underdevelopment and realize socialist modernization by and large.
“一个中心、两个基本点”
“One central task，two basic points”
有中国特色社会主义
socialism with Chinese characteristics
必须正确处理改革、发展同稳定的关系，保持稳定的政治环境和社会秩序
It is imperative to correctly handle the relationship of reform，development and stability and to maintain a stable political environment and public order.
中国必须在社会主义条件下经历一个相当长的初级阶段去实现工业化和经济的社会化、市场化、现代化
China must go through a rather long primary stage of socialism to accomplish industrialization and the socialization，market orientation and modernization of the economy.
中国共产党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线是：领导和团结全国人民，以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放，自力更生，艰苦创业，为把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗
The basic line of the Communist Party of China for the primary stage of socialism is as follows：to lead and unite the people of all our nationalities in a self-reliant，intensive and pioneering effort to turn China into a prosperous，strong，democratic，culturally advanced and modern socialist country by making economic development our central task while adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles and persevering in reform and opening up.
逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化
realize modernization of industry，agriculture，national defense，and science and technology step by step/modernization of the country's industry，agriculture，national defense，and science and technology step by step
一切以是否有利于发展社会主义社会的生产力、有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力、有利于提高人民的生活水平这“三个有利于”为根本判断标准
We should judge everything by the fundamental criterion whether it is favorable to（or toward）promoting the growth of the productive forces in a socialist society，increasing the over-all strength of the socialist state（or the socialist country）and raising the people's living standards，for the“three favorables”for short.
（二）发展战略
Strategy of Development
战略目标
strategic objective
战略步骤
the strategic steps
赶超型发展战略
development strategy of catching up with and supassing others
“三步走”发展战略
a three-step development strategy
第二步战略目标
strategic objective of the second step
第三步战略目标
strategic objective of the third step
跨世纪发展
cross-century development
跨世纪发展宏伟目标
grand objectives of cross-century development
跨世纪发展宏伟蓝图
blueprint of trans-century development
率先基本实现现代化
take the lead in accomplishing modernization
工农差别、城乡差别和地区差别
differences between industry and agriculture，between urban and rural areas and between regions
工业化
industrialization
工业化国家
industrial country/industrialized country
工业现代化
modernization of industry
工业反哺农业
using industry to propel the growth of agriculture
后工业化国家
a late comer to industrialization
国家经济建设大局
the overall interests of national economic
development
国际竞争力
international competitiveness
国民经济命脉
the life-blood of national economy
国民经济市场化进程
the process of building a complete market system in national economy/the market-oriented process of national economy
国民经济信息化
extension of the use of information technology in national economy development/informationizing the national economy
国民经济整体素质和效益
the quality and performance of national economy as a whole/
the overall quality and performance of national economy
经济的社会化、市场化、现代化
the socialization，market orientation and modernization of the economy
经济发展战略
economic development strategy
经济发展速度
the rate of economic development
经济建设
economic development/economic construction
经济活力
economic vitality
经济效益
economic performance/economic returns（or results，or benefits）
经济（稳定）增长
（stable）economic growth
经济增长方式
the mode of economic growth
经济技术合作
economic and technological cooperation
资源禀赋
resources in the scope
集约型
an intensive economic growth mode
粗放型
an extensive economic growth mode
粗放型增长
extensive growth
粗放经济增长方式
a growth mode of extensive management
粗放增长方式
crude manner of growth
粗放经营
extensive operation
速度与效益相统一
a balance between a high growth rate and good economic returns
第一生产力
primary productive force
调动一切积极因素
bring every positive factor into play
国情
national conditions
远景目标
long-range objectives
中等发达国家水平
the level of the moderately development countries
翻一番
double
翻两番
quadruple
开拓国内国外市场
open up（or explore）the domestic and foreign markets
土洋并举
use both indigenous and foreign methods
滴入式经济
trickle-down economy
规模经济
scale economies/economies of scale
实体经济
real economy
虚拟经济
virtual economy
泡沫经济
bubble economy
从计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制的转变
the shift from a planned economy to a socialist market economy
保持国民经济持续快速健康发展
maintain sustained，rapid and sound development of national economy
到二十一世纪中叶建国一百周年时，基本实现现代化，建成富强民主文明的社会主义国家
By the middle of the 21st century when the People's Republic celebrates its centenary，the modernization program will have been accomplished by and large and China will have become a prosperous，strong，democratic and culturally advanced socialist country.
第二步的目标是在二十世纪末达到小康水平
The goal for the second step（or The second goal，or The second objective）is to secure a fairly comfortable life for our people by end of the 20thcentury.
第三步的目标是在二十一世纪的五十年内达到中等发达国家的水平
The goal for the third step（or The third goal，or The third objective）is to reach the level of moderately developed countries in the first 50 years of the 21stcentury.
第一步的目标是解决温饱问题
The goal for the first step（or The first goal，or The first objective）is to solve the problem of food and clothing.
二十一世纪第一个十年将实现国民生产总值比二〇〇〇年翻一番，使人民的小康生活更加富裕，形成比较完善的社会主义市场经济体制
In the first decade of the 21st century，the GNP will be double that of the year 2000，the people will enjoy an even more comfortable life and a more or less ideal socialist market economic will have come into being.
分三步走基本实现现代化的发展战略
the development strategy of realizing modernization by and large in three steps（or in three phases，or in three stages）/the development strategy for the basic realization of modernization in three steps
国民经济保持较快发展速度
maintain a fairly rapid rate in the national economic growth
国民经济持续、快速、健康发展a sustained，rapid and sound development of nation economy
坚持“抓住机遇、深化改革、扩大开放、促进发展、保持稳定”的基本方针
adhere to the basic principle of“seizing current opportunities to deepen the reform and open China wider to the outside world，promote development and maintain stability”
建设有中国特色的社会主义
build socialism with Chinese characteristics
建设有中国特色社会主义的经济［政治，文化］
build a socialist economy［politics，culture］with Chinese characteristics
经济增长方式的根本转变
fundamental shift of the mode of economic growth（or of the economic growth mode）
经济增长方式从粗放型向集约型的转变
the shift from extensive mode to intensive mode in economic growth/the shift from an extensive economic growth mode to an intensive economic growth mode
现代化建设第三步战略目标
the strategic goal of the third stage of the country's modernization drive
全面建设小康社会
build a well-off society in a all-round way
人民生活总体上达到小康水平
by and large，the people have become well-off
提高国民经济整体素质和效益
improve the quality and performance of the entire national economy/improve the overall quality and performance of the national economy
维护国家经济安全
safeguard economic security of the country
我们要积极推进经济体制和经济增长方式的根本转变，努力实现“九五”计划和二〇一〇年远景目标，为二十一世纪中叶基本实现现代化打下坚实基础
We must vigorously promote the fundamental shift of economic system and of the mode of economic growth，fulfill the Ninth Five-Year Plan and attain the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2010 so as to lay a solid foundation for achieving basic modernization by the middle of the 21st century.
一切从社会主义初级阶段的实际出发
proceed in everything we do from the realities（or the actual situation）of the primary stage of socialism.
一要吃饭，二要建设
first feeding the people and then building the country
以经济建设为中心
take economic development as the central task/make economic development the central task/center on（or focus on）economic development
以信息化带动工业化
use information technology to stimulate industrialization
正确处理改革、发展、稳定三者之间的关系
correctly handle the relationships among reform，development and stability/balance reform，development and stability
在现代化建设的长过程中要抓住时机，争取出现若干个发展速度比较快、效益又比较好的阶段，每隔几年上一个台阶
In the prolonged process of modernization we should seize all opportunities to bring about several periods of rapid growth with good economic returns，reaching a new stage every a few years.
再经过十年的努力，到建党一百周年时，使国民经济更加发展，各项制度更加完善
With the efforts to be made in another decade when the Party celebrates its centenary，the national economy will be more developed and the various systems will be further improved.
增强综合国力和国际竞争力
boost（or enhance）the overall national strength and international competitiveness
正确处理社会主义现代化建设中的若干重大关系
correctly handling some major relationships in the socialist modernization drive
坚持“有进有退、有所为有所不为”的方针
adhere to the principles of“advancing in some aspects while withdrawing from others”and“focusing on certain tasks while putting others aside”
走出一条速度较快、效益较好、整体素质不断提高的经济协调发展的路子
find a way to coordinated development of the economy featuring a fairly high speed，fairly good performance and constant improvement of the quality of economy as a whole
（三）计划与规划
Plan
国民经济
national economy
国民净产值（国民生产净值）
net national product
国民可支配收入
national disposable income
国民平均收入
per-capita national income
国民生产总值
gross national product（GNP）国民收入超额分配
excessive distribution of national income
国民收入核算
national income accounting
国内生产总值
gross domestic product（GDP）国家计划
state plan
国家计划的宏观性、战略性和政策性
the macro-economic，strategic and policy-related characteristics of the state plan
计划体制
planning system
深化计划体制改革
deepen the reform of planning system
指令性计划
mandatory plan/plan of a mandatory nature
指导性计划
guidance plan
指令性指标
mandatory target
计划委员会
planning commission
计划经济
planned economy
计划调节
planned regulation
计划编制
formulate plan（draw up a plan）
年度计划
annual plan
近期规划
an immediate planned project
中长期规划
middle and long-term planned project
五年计划
five-year plan（e.g.three five-year plans）/Five-Year Plan（e.g.the Ninth Five-Year Plan）
“十五”规划纲要
The Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan
区域规划
regional planning
专项计划
special project
重要物资储备计划
major plan of material reserve
基本建设
capital construction
专项发展规划
special development project
统筹规划
plan as a whole
协调发展
coordinated development
国民经济综合平衡
the overall balance in national economy
经济总量平衡
a balance between total demand and total supply/a balance in total supply and demand/keep the overall economic balance
社会总产品
gross（total or aggregate）social product
社会总产值
total social output value
社会总供给
total social supply/society's total supply
社会总需求
total social demand/society's total demand
国民经济动员
mobilization of national economy
平衡预算
balanced budget
按平均数
on average
跨年度
go beyond the year
审计
audit
统计
statistics
评估
assess/evaluate
抽样调查
sample survey/spot check
调查问卷
questionnaire
计划外开支
expenditure outside the plan
紧缩开支计划
a belt-tightening program
特批
specially approve/hold great sway
调拨
allocate/allot
大而全
big and all-embracing/large and comprehensive/large and all-inclusive
稳中求进
seek progress amid stability/seek further progress on the basis of stability/seek further progress under stable conditions
国家计划要体现发展社会主义市场经济的要求
The state plan must reflect the requirements of developing a socialist market economy.
国家计划要突出宏观性、战略性和政策性
It is imperative to emphasize the macro-economic，strategic and policy-related characteristics of the state plan.
（四）经济运行
Macroeconomic Control
经济形势
economic situation
经济效益
economic effect
经济运行机制
economic operating mechanism/way of operating the economy
内需
domestic needs
扩大内需
expand domestic demand
国家经济安全
economic security of the country
国内市场
domestic market（s）
国内需求
domestic demand
供求关系
relation（s）between supply and demand
供求平衡
a balance between supply and demand
经济协调发展
coordinated development of the economy
总规模
total scale
总需求
total demand
总供给
total supply
社会效益
social effect/social impact/social results/social benefits
社会需求
social demand
社会稳定
social stability
社会平均利润
social average profit
社会总资产
the total assets in society
经济增长
economic performance
刺激经济增长
to stimulate the economy
小幅增长
increase by a small margin
同步增长
grow simultaneously
年均实际增长率
annual growth rate
高增长、低通胀
high economic growth and low inflation
增幅
get more/amount of increase
增速
pick up speed
激增
increase sharply
净增
net growth
低幅
by a narrow margin
负效应
negative effect
负增长
negative growth
经济滑坡
economic decline
经济秩序
economic order
经济过热
overheated economic growth
防止经济过热
prevent overheating of the economy
经济危机
economic crisis
经济衰退
economic slump
经济不景气
recession/depression
经济萧条
the economy is sluggish
经济复苏
economic improvement after a recession（or depression）
（经济）好转
turn about
通货膨胀率
rate of inflation/inflation rate
通货膨胀
inflation
通货紧缩
deflation
抑制通货膨胀
curtail（or curb，or control）inflation
抑制通货紧缩
curb deflation/check the trend of deflation
瓶颈式通涨
bottleneck inflation
长期的通货膨胀
chronic inflation
正确观察通货膨胀问题
to observe the question of inflation in a right way
成本推进型通货膨胀
cost-push inflation
需求拉动式通货膨胀
demand-pull inflation
极度通货膨胀，超通货膨胀
hyperinflation
双位数通货膨胀
double-digit inflation
去除通货膨胀影响
to allow for inflation
抑制通货膨胀的压力
suppressing inflationary pressure
“短缺”状态
the status of a“shortage”
相对“过剩”状态
relatively“surplus”situation
小气候
social microclimate
繁荣
boom
萧条
depression
低谷
low ebb/all-time low
低迷
（economic）depression
底线
bottom line
谷底
lowest ebb/all-time low
走出低谷
back out lowest ebb（or all-time low）
跌幅
amount of decrease
跌势
declining trend（of price，etc.）
反弹
bounce back/rebound
回升
rise（go up）again（after a fall）
零增长
zero（economic）growth
零指数
zero exponent
疲软
weaken/slump
下滑
descend
瓶颈
bottleneck
断层
come（fall）apart
宏观经济管理
management of the overall economy/macroeconomic management
宏观调控
macroeconomic control/macro-control
宏观经济管理与调控
macro-economic management and regulation
健全宏观调控体系
improve the macroeconomic control system（or the macro-control system）
调控力度
the degree of the control
宏观经济政策
macro-economic policies
宏观经济形势
macro-economic situation
宏观经济形势分析
analysis of the macro-economic situation（trend）
宏观经济形势监测
monitoring on macroeconomic situation（trend）
宏观经济稳定
macro-economic stability
保持稳定
maintain stability
持续、稳定、协调发展
sustained，stable and coordinated development
不干预
keep one's hands off
在……方面干预
to intervene in
宽松的经济环境
a free and easy economic environment
倾斜政策
favourable（preferential）policy
配套政策
supporting policies
紧缩政策
austerity policy/tight financing policies
适度从紧
appropriately tight
软着陆
soft landing
平衡发展
balanced growth
良性循环
virtuous cycle
恶性循环
vicious cycle（circle）
微调
to fine-tune/minimum drop
下调
lower reduce
降幅
the amount of decrease
降温
cool down
回跌
fall after a rise
回涨
rise again after fall
回温
rise again/pick up/bounce back
冷点
cold spot
冷启动
cold boot
热启动
warm boot
势头
momentum/tendency
消胀
reduce excessive inflation
消肿
reduce
触底反弹（跌停回升）
bottom out
迅速、突然地上升或下降
rocket/shoot up or down
承受力
holding capacity/live on the regular pay（by the government）
消除波动
to smooth out fluctuation
外部冲击
external shocks
综合指数
composite index
加权平均（数）
weighed average/stagnation
可用指数函数表示的，指数的
exponential
不可比因素
incomparable factor
擦边球
take advantage of the loopholes of relevant policies or the law
间接经济损失
indirect economic（physical）damage
连锁反应
chain reaction/ripple effect
市场预测
market forecast
骨牌效应
chain reaction/
domimo effect/
ripple effect
小而全
small and comprehensive
以销定产
base production on sales prospects
购销两旺
be brisk in buying and selling
减轻压力
to relieve pressure
决策
decision-making/policy-decision（s）/policy-making/make policy decision（s）
重点扶持
give special assistance
保持高增长、低通胀的良好发展势头
maintain the good momentum of development featuring high economic growth and low inflation/featuring a high economic growth rate with low inflation
保持国民经济持续、快速、健康发展
maintain sustained，rapid and sound development of the national economy
保持宏观经济稳定
maintain macro-economic stability
保持人民币汇率稳定
keep the exchange rates for the Renminbi（RMB）stable
宏观调控主要运用经济手段和法律手段
In macroeconomic control，we should mainly employ economic and legal means.
加强和改善宏观调控，继续深化财税、金融、投资体制改革
enhancing macro-control，and deepening reform of the finance，taxation，banking and investment systems
实现经济稳定增长
achieve stable economic growth
实现市场机制和宏观调控的有机结合
integrate the market mechanism with macro-control organically
完善宏观调控手段和协调机制
improve the means of macroeconomic control and the coordination mechanism
正确处理市场机制和宏观调控的关系
correctly handle the relationship between the market mechanism and macroeconomic control（or macro-control）
（五）价格
Price
价值规律
the law of value
价格法
Price Law
价格形成机制
the mechanism for pricing/pricing mechanism
生产要素价格形成机制
the mechanism for pricing production factors
价格收益比率
price-earning ratio
价格杠杆
lever of price
价格机制
price mechanism
价格指数
price index
物价指数
index of prices/price index
综合物价指数
synthesis of the price indices/synthetic price index/aggregated price index
价格政策
pricing policy
价格改革
reform of the pricing system/
price reform
理顺价格体系
rationalize the price system
物价幅度
price range
国家牌价
state-set price/government（-set）price
国家补贴价
state-subsidized price
官方牌价
official market quotation/official listed price/official exchange rate
政府定价
government's fixed prices
保护价
protective price
粮食保护价
grain protective price
保护价收购
protective purchasing prices
合同收购
contracted purchase
买断
buy out
地区差价
regional price differences
缩小地区差价
narrow the regional price differences
物价补贴
price subsidies
粮油补贴
grain and oil subsidy
粮棉（食用）油价格补贴
price subsidies on grain，cotton and edible oil
车贴
traffic conditions subsidy
农产品价格体制
the pricing system for agricultural products（or for farm produce）
购销价格错位（购销价格倒挂）
purchasing prices higher than selling prices
差价
price difference/price gap
扣除物价变动因素
after accounting for the price readjustment
扣除物价上涨因素
after allowing for inflation
平价
fair price
平抑物价
keep prices from rising
购买力平价
the average purchasing price
市场调节价
market-adjusted price
掉价
reduce（cut down）prices
价格剧烈波动的市场
volatile marked
工资价格螺旋上升
wage-price spiral
浮动价格
floating price
限价
fixed price
最低价
lowest（bottom or bottom-rock）price
最低限价
bottom（floor）price
最高限价
ceiling price
持平
maintain evenness/
hold steady
调价
readjust price
基价
base price
报价
quote a price
比价
price parities（ratios）均价
average price
让价
agree to offer reduced prices
提价
raise the price
价格升幅
the rate of increase in prices
连锁提价
chain-reaction price rises
轮番上涨
rise spirally
暴涨
rise dramatically/boom/soar
猛涨
rise dramatically
涨价风
momentum of price hike
涨幅
amount of increase/growth margin
销价
sale price
销势
tendency in sales
促销价
promotion price
大减价
liquidation sale/markdown sales
削价幅度
the rate of reduction in prices
处理价
reduced price
减价幅度
the rate of drop in prices
减幅
amount of decrease
贱卖
sell cheap
猛跌
fall（drop）steeply
价格大战
price war
价格波动
price fluctuations/price volatility
哄抬物价
inflate prices
大贱卖
crazy price/special buy
压级压价
force down standards and price
跳楼价
crazy price/liquidation sale
限时抢购
flash sale
变相涨价（变相提价）
disguised price increase/disguised increase in price/raise price in a disguised form/camouflaged price hike
价格补贴政策
price supporting policy/price subsidy policy
价格补贴制度
price subsidy scheme
价格弹性
price elasticity
价格倒挂
price inversions
价格反弹
rebound in price/price rebound
价格放开
price liberalization/price decontrol/prices of goods are decided by the market/relax price control
价格风险
price risks
价格剪刀差
price scissors/scissors movement of price
价格扭曲
price distortion
价格脱离价值
divergence of prices from values/divorce of price from value
可比价格
comparable prices
按可比价格
in terms of comparable prices
按可比价格计算
calculated in comparable price
按可比口径计算
calculated in comparable terms
保护价格
protective price
保护价制度
protective pricing system
离岸价格
free on board（FOB）
影子价格
shadow price
明补
visible subsidy
暗补
invisible subsidy
实价
actual price
特价
special offer
议价
negotiated price
虚价
nominal price
明码标价
clearly priced/
with prices clearly marked
心理价位
expected price
摊派费
apportioned expense
双向付费
pay the air time for incoming calls as well as outgoing
单向付费
pay for the air time for either incoming calls or outgoing calls/
one-product operation
建立以市场形成价格为主的价格机制
establish a mechanism for pricing mainly by market
（六）财政
Fiscal
财政体制改革
reform of fiscal system
严格财政监督
improve supervision of government financial affairs
财政政策
fiscal policy
宽松的财政政策
slack fiscal policy
积极的财政政策
active fiscal policy
国家财政
state finance
基层财政
grassroots finance
乡镇财政
financial issues at the township
“吃饭财政”
“finance to feed people”
“建设财政”
“finance to develop the economy”
财政收入
fiscal revenue
财政收支结构
revenue and expenditure structure
中央财政收入
the central government revenue
全国财政收入
national revenue
财政支出
financial expenditure
财政包干
financial contract
拨改贷
introduce a system by which government appropriations are replaced by loans/replace government appropriations with loans
拨款
allocation/
appropriation
财政拨款
financial appropriations/
funds allocated from the state treasury/
financial allocations/
budgetary allocations/
fiscal allocation
财政补偿
financial indemnity
财政补贴
financial subsidies/
grant-in-aid/
financial allowance
财政收支平衡
balance of revenue and expenditure/fiscal balance/revenue and expenditure in balance
财政紧缩
fiscal austerity
财政性资金
financial fund
非生产性投资
investment in non-productive projects
非生产领域开支
non-productive spending
非重点开支
expenditures for less important areas/non-essential disbursement
紧缩银根
delimit the growth of money supply
增收节支
increase revenue and reduce expenditure
财政转移支付
transfer payments from the national budget
预算
budget
预决算制度
budget and final account system
预算编制
budget preparation/budget formulation
预算执行
budget execution
预算外收入
extra-budgetary revenue
预算外支出
off-budget expenditure
预算外资金
extra-budgetary funds
预算内基本建设投资
budgeted capital construction investment
预算调节基金
budget regulating fund
预算制度改革
the reform of the budget system
预算法
Budget Law
财政预算科目
financial budget
国家决算
final accounts of state revenue and expenditure/final state accounts
赤字预算
deficit budget
货币政策
monetary policy
货币政策工具
tool of monetary policy
货币供应量
money supply/money stock/supply of money
货币发行量
amount of money issued/amount of paper money issue/money supply/amount of currency in circulation
货币购买力
monetary purchasing power/purchasing power of money
货币回笼
withdrawal of currency from circulation
货币流通量
money in circulation
货币平价
currency parity/par value of currency
货币过剩
glut of money
紧缩的货币政策
tight monetary policy
调节货币供应量
regulate the monetary supply
储备货币
reserve currency
硬通货
hard currency
软通货
soft currency
本国货币
home currency
货币化
monetization
发行一种新货币
institution of a new currency
货币供应
money supply
货币M1
coin plus currency plus demand deposits
货币贬值
devaluate the currency/currency devaluation
准货币
near money
以某种货币表示
denominated in certain currency
（货币）坚挺
strengthen/to become stronger
坚挺的货币
a strong currency
疲软的货币
a weak currency
贬值货币
depreciated currency/depreciated money
货币主义者
monetarist
货币属性
the properties of money
单一货币
the single currency
伪钞
counterfeit banknote
直接支付
direct payment
长期资本流入
long-term inflow of capital
短期资本流入
inflow of short-term capital
储备基金
reserve fund
清算系统
clearing system
行政开支
administrative expenses
计划外开支
expenditure outside the plan
启动资金
initial funs（or investment）for starting a project
资金划拨
transfer of funds
专项基金
special fund
专款专用
allocate a fund for its specified purpose only
保值补贴
interest rate subsidies on（long-term）fixed deposits/inflation subsidy
赤字
deficit
赤字水平
deficit level
有财政赤字
run a deficit
资金平衡
balance of fund
净值
net value（worth）
收益补偿
benefit compensation
公共债务，政府债务
public debts
公共金库，国库
public coffer
国债
national bond
公债
public debt
保值公债
inflation-proof government bonds
财政专项债券
special treasury bonds（to be held by specialized banks）
金库
Coffers
国库券和政府债券
government bills and bonds
短期国库券，短期政府债券
treasure bills
短期债券
short-term bonds
记账式国库券
registered treasury bonds
记名债券
registered bonds
无记名债券
bearer（unregistered）bonds
建设公债
public（government）bonds for construction
金边债券
gilt-edge bond
金边证券
gilt-edge securities
无记名债券
bearer bonds
特种债券
special bond
债额
amount of debt
贷款、放款、债款
loan
还债高峰期
peak period of debt repayment
国家税收
state tax receipts
应税收入
taxable income
赋税
taxation
消费税，营业税，货物税
excise taxes
开采税，采掘税
extraction taxes
流转税
turnover tax
比例税
proportional tax
所得税
income tax
继承税
inheritance tax
增值税
VAT（Value Added Tax）
产品税
product tax
地税
land tax
房产税
housing（building）tax
附加税
additional tax
个人收入调节税
personal earnings regulation tax
个人所得税
personal income tax
个人所得税法
Individual Income Tax Law
调节税
regulation tax
遗产税
legacy tax
赠与税
gift tax
特种消费税
special consumption tax
税改
taxation reform
分税制
revenue-sharing system/a system of tax distribution
减税
reduce tax
减税让利
reduce tax and allow them to retain more profits
利改税
switch from profit delivery to tax payments
税后利润
profit after tax
利润分成
profit sharing
利润留成
retained profit/profit retention
利税分流
the practice of separating profits and taxes
税后收入
income after tax
资金利税率
profit and tax rate of the capital
产值利税率
profit and tax rate of output value
抗税
refuse to pay taxes
合法避税
tax avoidance
逃税
tax evasion
避税地
tax haven
合法避税港
tax shelter/tax haven/
tax paradise
纳税人
taxpayer
纳税意识
sense of tax payment
税收体制改革
reform of taxation（or the tax system）
税收征管
tax collection and management
税收征收管理法
Law on the Collection and Management of Taxes
国有资产管理
manage state assets
国有资产流失
loss of state assets
防止国有资产流失
prevent the loss of state assets
资产评估
assets appraisal
核算单位
accounting unit
独立核算单位
conduct independent accounting
后备基金
reserve fund
增资
increase capital（or investment）
赠款
cash gift
赠券
complimentary ticket
会计
accounting
会计法
Accounting Law
注册会计师
certified public accountant（CPA）
流通票据法
Negotiable Instruments Law
审计法
Auditing Law
财务大检查
general financial inspection
集团购买力
purchasing power of institution
资金投向
direction of fund
资金外流
capital outflow
资金外逃
capital flight
深化财政体制［财税体制］改革
deepen the reform of the fiscal system［fiscal and taxation systems］
实施适度从紧的财政政策和货币政策
carry out appropriately tight（or stringent）financial and monetary policies
（七）金融
Financial
金融（业）
finance/
banking
金融秩序
financial order
金融风险
financial risk
金融风暴，金融危机
financial crisis
防范和化解金融风险
guard against and defuse financial risks
金融机构
financial institution
金融机构体系
a system of financial institutions
金融体系
financial system
金融市场
financial market
金融体制改革
reform of the banking system
金融调控监管体系
financial control and supervision system
金融资产
financial assets
金融安全
financial security
紧缩信贷
tighten credit creation
央行
central bank
中央银行行长
the central-bank governor
商业银行
commercial bank
商业银行法
Commercial Banks Low
商业性金融
commercial banking
国有独资商业银行
the wholly state-owned commercial banks
开发银行
development bank
储蓄银行
savings banks
劝业银行
industrial bank
互助储蓄银行
mutual savings bank
中国农业银行
the Agricultural Bank of China
外资银行
foreign bank
政策性银行
non-commercial banking［bank］/policy-related banking［bank］
政策性金融
policy finance
中国人民银行法
Law on the People's Bank of China
中央银行的监管作用
the supervisory role of the central bank
银行倒闭，银行破产
bank fails，bank failures
银行家，银行
bankers
银行账户
bank account
银行金库或保管库
vault
经常账户（项目），活期账户
current account
资本账户，资本项目账户
capital account
收益表，损益表
income statement
现金收支一览表
statement of cash flow
电子银行业务
electronic banking
托收系统
collection system
支票清算或结算
check clearing
基金管理
fund management
基准利率
benchmark interest rate
资本金制度
capital system/system of capital funds
资产方
loaners
资产负债结构
asset and liability structure
无效资产
inefficient asset
非经营性资产
non-operational assets
资产泡沫
asset bubbles
资产回报率
return rate for the assets
负债率
rate for liability
利润
profits
资本利润率
capital profit rate
高额利润
high profits
利润总额
total profits
资本市场
capital market
资本运作效率
the efficiency of the operation of capital
资本组织形式
form of capital organization
有形资产
tangible asset/
tangibles
资产负债表
balance sheet
货币转换开支，货币兑换费用
currency conversion costs
现金外流
cash drains
实际利率
real interest rates
间接费用
overhead costs
直接标价
direct quotes/direct quotations
间接标价
indirect quotes/indirect quotations
官方储备额
official reserve
公共储备
public reserve
储蓄存款
saving deposits
储蓄性金融机构
financial savings institutions
活期存款
short-term deposits/demand deposits
货币市场利率
monetary market interest rate
货币选择权
currency option
存款
deposit
存款利率
deposit interest rate
存款人
depositor
吸收存款/接受存款
take deposits/accept deposits
银行存折
passbook
定期存款
time deposits
支票账户存款
checkable deposits
支票账户
cheque account
大额（可转让）存单
CD（certificate of deposit）
存款利息
interest on deposits
息票价值
coupon value
储蓄贷款协会
savings and loan associations
储蓄存款
savings deposits
储蓄账户
savings account
有奖储蓄
premium savings deposit
保值储蓄
inflation-linked
养老保险
endowment insurance
零存整取
deposit small sums of money for lump withdrawal
利息
interest
降息
lower（cut or reduce）the interest rate
利息收入
revenue from interest
利息支出
debit interest
利息税
interest tax
预支款，贷款
advance loan
基本贷款
basic facility
再贷款
sub-loans
中长期贷款
mid-and long-term loans/medium and long-range loan
低息贷款
low-interest loan
抵押贷款
mortgage（secured）loan/loan on security
不良贷款
bad loan/problem loan/non-performing loan
能挣到利息的贷款
interest-earning loans
组合贷款，各种放款业务量
loan portfolio
展期资金贷款，中期基金贷款
extended fund facility
个人住房贷款余额
balance of private housing loans
按揭贷款
mortgage loan
贷款利率
loan interest rate
分期付款
payment by（on or in）installments
分期付款进货
hire purchase（HP）
分期付款销货计划
installment plan
结构性调整贷款
structural adjustment facility
配额
quota
债权人
lender
负债方
debtors
银行信贷
bank credit and loans
信贷资产余额
balance of credit assets
信贷融资
credit and financing
信贷额度，信贷限额
credit line
周转信贷额度
revolving line of credit
流动资本（流动资金）
circulating capital
流动资产
floating assets
现金
cash
准备金
reserves
存款准备金
reserve requirement
准备金制度
reserve regimen
对冲基金
hedge fund
产业投资基金
industrial investment fund
游资（浮游资金）
floating capital/idle fund（money）/floating fund
游离在外
aloof/
out of involvement
开放式基金
open-ended fund
市场利息率
market rates of interest
单利
simple interest
复利
compound interest
固定利率
fixed interest rate
浮动利率
floating interest rate
实际利率
real interest rate
基准利率
base rate
最高利息限制或限额
interest ceiling
保证金标准或比例
margin requirement
债务极限，债务幅度
margin debt
利差幅度
interest margin
特别提款权（纸黄金）
special drawing rights（SDRs）
最终放款人
lender of last resort
贴现
discount
贴现率
rate of discount
再贴现率
sub-discount rate
信贷投向
direction of credit
再贴现
sub-discount/rediscount
贴现商行
discount house
信用或资信状况
credit standing/financial standing
信用卡
credit card
信用欺诈
credit fraud
信用证
letter of credit
信用工具
credit instrument
透支
overdraft
持卡族
card holders/card users
有偿还债务能力的
solvent
无力偿还债务，破产
insolvency/bankruptcy
合同条款
articles（term）of the contract
延期付款
to delay making payment/delayed（deferred）payments
履约能力
ability to perform
再购回协议
repurchase agreement
再买回
reverse/buy back
证券
security
债券
bond
证券业
securities industry
证券法
Securities Law
证券交易
transactions of equities/exchange of securities
证券交易商
security dealer
证券市场
securities market
债券融资额
volume of raised
企业债券
enterprise bond
有价证券
securities
发行有价证券
issue of securities
证券商（投机）
securities broker/stock（jobber）broker
股票交易所，证券交易所
stock exchange（SE）
债券利息
interest on bond/bond interest
债务工具（票据），（债券）
debt intermediary（debt instrument）
将债券兑换成现金
redeem bonds/
bond conversion holding of valuable
有价证券持有
portfolio
有价证券平衡理论
portfolio balance theory
货币市场
money markets
兑换，偿还
redeem/convert repay
可兑换
convertible
闲散资金
idle capital
票面价值
nominal value/face value
到期值（指本金加利息）
maturity value
认购
subscription
股东
shareholder
隐名股东
dormant partner
股民
investor（at the stock market）
国家股
state shares
个人股票
individual share/personal share
公司股票（法人股）
corporate share
“黄金股”
“golden share”
普通股（票）
common stock（share）/ordinary shares
优先股
preferred/preference shares
绩优股
glamour stock/high-flyer
股本
equity capital/share capital
红利，股息
dividend bonus/stock dividend
股价
stock price
股金
money paid for shares
股市
stock market
股市行情
quotations on the stock market
股市市场总值
total market value of stock market reached
创业板股票市场
stock exchange market for start-up enterprise/growth enterprise market
债券融资额
volume of bonds
股市资本总额
total stock market capitalisation
股本衍生工具
equity derivatives
上市股票
listed stock
上市的股票或其他证券
offerings
入股
join by holding some shares
配股
scrip issue
集股
collect capital
增股
bonus stock
交易税
transaction tax
私下募集
private placements
公开募集
public offerings
套利者
interest arbitrager
炒股
stag（scalp）stock
持股公司
holding company
开盘
give the opening quotation/open
股疯
stock craze
套期保值交易
hedging transactions
股票炒手
stock speculator
收盘
give the closing quotation/close
分成
be divided into
再分成
be subdivided into
赢利
make profit
牛市
bull market
回报率
rate of return/return on investment
多头买升
buying long
空头卖跌
selling short
买方出价和卖方要价之间的差额
bid-ask spreads
一级市场
primary market/the first-level market
次级市场，二级市场
secondary market
三级市场，第三市场
third market
四级市场，第四市场
fourth market
第二抵押市场，次级抵押市场
the secondary mortgage market
道琼斯平均指数
Dow-Jones average（index）/Dow-Jones
纳斯达克指数
NASDAQ index
恒生指数
Hang Seng Index
投资性（非银行）金融机构
（non-banking）financial institutions for investment
信托公司
trust company
信托基金
trust fund
信托投资公司
trust and investment corporation
证券公司
security（broker）company
金融期货
financial futures
货币期货
currency futures
期权
option
期权制
the system of stock options
买入期权
call option
卖出期权
put option
金融中介
financial intermediary
契约性中介机构
contractual intermediary
股票经纪人，股票经纪业
stockbrokerage/stockbroker
同业拆借市场
interbank market
衍生工具
derivative instruments
金融衍生产品
derivative financial products
工具创新
instrumental innovation
游资经济
drifting capital economy/idle fund economy
保本（保底）
make neither a loss nor a profit/break even
保值
insure value
升值
appreciate/rise（go up or appreciate）in value
贬值
depreciate
钞票
banknote
本票
cashier's cheque（or order）/promissory note
彩票
lottery ticket
可转让票据，能转换成现金的票据
negotiable（instrument）bill
财产保险
property insurance
株式会社
joint-stock（company）corporation
布雷顿森林系统
the Bretton Woods System
道琼斯工业平均指数
the Dow Jones（Industrial）Average
标准普尔500种股票价格指数
the Standard & Poors 500 index
辛迪加贷款
syndicated loan
规范和维护金融秩序
standardize and safeguard the financial order
国家金融安全
the financial security of the country
金融是现代经济的核心
Finance is the core of modern economy.
整顿和规范金融秩序
reorganize and standardize the financial order
维护国家金融安全
safeguard the financial security of the county
有效防范和化解金融风险
effectively guard against and eliminate financial risk/stake effective measures to prevent and eliminate financial risks
建立与社会主义市场经济发展相适应的金融机构体系、金融市场体系和金融调控监管体系
establish a system of financial institutions，a financial market system and a financial supervision and control system which conform to the development of socialist market economy
完善和强化中国人民银行的金融调控和监管
improve and strengthen the financial control and supervision by the People's Bank of China
（八）投资
Investment
投资方式
investment mode/investment orientation
直接投资方式
direct investment
投资规模
investment scale
压缩基建规模
cut down on the scale of capital construction
规模效益
scale merit/return of scale
投资结构
investment structure
投资需求
demand for investment
投资额
investment volume
实际投资额
paid-up investment volume
协议投资额
committed investment volume
投资主体
major investor/principal for investment
投资主体转换
change of investment bodies
多元化投资主体
a diversity of（major）investors
融资体制改革
reform of the financing system
投资体制改革
reform of the investment system
投融资体制改革
reform of investment and financing system
投资约束机制
mechanisms for restraining investment
投资控股运作模式
an investment share control
投资基金
investment fund（s）
投资概算
investment budgetary estimate/investment budget
后续投资
follow-up investment dragging project
再投资
reinvest/plough back
直接投资，股本投资，实际投资
equity investment
固定资本
fixed capital
固定资产
fixed assets
固定资产投资
investment in fixed assets
固定资产投资总规模
total scope of investment in fixed assets
全社会固定资产投资总规模
overall scale of investment in fixed assets for the whole society
资本比例
capital ratio
资本结构
capital structure
资本充足
capital adequacy/abundance of capital
资产质量
assets quality
流动性
liquidity
资本化程度
the degree of capitalization
非生产性投资
investment in nonproductive projects
非盈利性
nonprofit（-making）
短期投资
liquid（short-term）investment
风险投资
venture capital/risk investment
抗风险
risk-shedding
机构投资者
institutional investor
将资产投资有价证券
to pool one's assets in portfolio
投资中介机构
investment intermediary
将资金存入金融中介机构
intermediation
不动产，房地产
real estate
地产
landed property
级差地租
differential（land）rent
担保
security/guarantee
风险加权资产
risk-weighted assets
风险共担机制
risk-sharing mechanism
投入与产出
input and output
投资赢利或回报
return on investment
投资回报率
an investment return rate
融资渠道
financing（financial）channel
融资
financing
项目融资
project financing
直接融资
direct financing
联合投资
joint investment
计划外投资
off-plan investment
计划外项目
off-plan project
集资
pool funds
捐建
make donation for the contribution
捐资
contribute donate make donations
内资
domestic capital
外资
foreign capital
侨资
overseas Chinese funds
民营（民间）资本
non-state capital（investment）
招商引资
creating business opportunity/attract foreign investment
建设项目
construction projects
重点建设项目
key construction project
重大建设项目
major construction project
重点工程
major project
国家重点建设项目
state（or national）key construction project
公共设施
public facilities
基础设施建设
infrastructure construction
新开工项目
newly started projects/launching of new projects/new projects
改建工程
reconstruction project
土建工程
building project
扩建
extend/expand
扩建工程
extension project
骨干工程
major（key）project
配套工程
coordinated project
扫尾工程
final phase of a project
尾巴工程
dragging construction project
半拉子工程
dragging project
承建
contract to build
待建
yet to be built
翻建
rebuild/renovate
缓建
postpone（delay）the construction
建筑面积
floor space
可行性
feasibility/
workableness
工程招投标
invite public bidding（tender）of project
破土动工
break ground/turn the first spadeful of dirt
建设进度
construction schedule
工程质量
quality of engineering project
工程验收
acceptance of work
全面投产
go into full operation
下马
discontinue/abandon/give up
重复建设
construct redundant projects/duplicated construction/repetition construction
重复布点
duplicate location
重复项目
duplicate projects
重复引进
duplication of importation/introduction of redundant technical facilities/importation of redundant technical facilities
投资项目法人责任制
a system under which legal persons are responsible for all investment projects/a system of holding the legal person responsible for investment projects
业主
owner of the property
建设项目法人责任制
corporation（or legal person）responsibility system for construction projects
项目资本金
project capital
投资环境
investment environment
改善投资环境
improve the investment climate（environment）
按照国家产业政策指导投资方向
guide investment direction in accordance with national industrial policies
避免重复建设，盲目布点，各搞一套的做法
avoid repetitious construction，blind distribution and malpractice that each does in one's own way
解决“大而全”、“小而全”和不合理重复建设问题
solve such problems as forming“large and all-inclusive”or“small and all-inclusive”units and launching irrational and duplicated construction projects
严格控制新开工项目
strictly control the launching（or the start-up）of new projects/make strict control over the launching of new projects
严格和完善项目资本金制度
strictly implement and improve the project capital system（or the capital funds system for projects）
严格控制新开工项目
strictly control the launching of new projects
逐步发展市场融资方式
gradually develop financing through the market（or develop market financing）
（九）消费
Consumption
消费（量）
consumption
需求量
amount of needs/requirement
消费品零售总额
the total retail sales volume of consumer goods
消费品零售额
retail volume of consumer goods
全社会消费品零售额
retail of consumer goods in the whole country
消费基金
funds for consumption/consumption fund
消费结构
consumption pattern/structure of consumption
调整消费结构
adjust the consumption pattern
适度消费政策
policy of proper consumption
超前消费
spend（live）beyond one's means
低消费
low consumption
高消费
high consumption
间接消费
indirect consumption
拉动消费
stimulate consumption
潜在市场
potential market
购买力
purchasing power
储币待购
save（up money）for purchases/reserve currency for purchases
惜购
be loathe to buy
惜售
be loathe to sell
购买力的临时贮存
temporary store（abode）of purchasing power
贮藏手段
means of storage
为购买某物提供资金
finance the purchase of（something）
持币待购
wait to buy with cash in hand
持币抢购
rush to buy with cash in hand
持币选购
buy selectively with cash in hand
消费心理
consumer psychology
消费模式
consumption pattern/model
科学、适度的消费模式
a scientific and moderate consumption pattern
消费耐用品
consumer durable goods
高档消费品
luxury（high-grade）goods
紧俏商品
hard-to-get commodities/merchandise in high demand/goods in great demand but in short supply
食品结构改革
reform of dietary pattern
直接食用粮
direct edible（use）of grains
蛋白质摄入量
intaking（intake）of protein
肉禽蛋消费
consumption of meat，poultry and eggs
热销
be hot-selling/sell well/be in great demand/have a ready market
消费城市
consumer-city
赚钱和花钱
to generate and use cash/make money and spend money
消费品市场
consumer goods market
消费者权益
the rights and interests of consumers
消费合作社
consumer cooperative society
消费者协会
consumer council/association of consumers
拓宽消费领域，引导合理消费
broaden the range of consumption with proper guidance
（十）国际收支
International Payment
国际收支
International Payment/balance of payment
外汇
foreign exchange/foreign currencies
外债
foreign（debt）loan/external loan
外债余额
balance of foreign debts
外债偿还率
external debt service ratio
债务支出
expenses on debt
债务国
debtor nation
债务率
debt ratio
债务依存度
dependence on debts
外汇储备
foreign（or reserves）exchange reserve
国家外汇储备
state（or notional）foreign exchange reserves
外汇掉期，证券交换
foreign exchange swap
外汇额度
foreign currency quota
外汇分配体系
foreign exchange allocation（distribution）system
外汇留成制度
proportional foreign exchange retention system
外汇配额制度
foreign exchange quota system
外汇平衡
foreign exchange equilibrium/balance of foreign exchange income and expenditure
外汇人民币
foreign exchange equivalent of RMB/foreign exchange equivalent in terms of RMB
外汇市场
exchange market/international exchange market
非贸易外汇收入
non-trade foreign exchange income
外汇体制改革
reform of the foreign exchange system
国际收支顺差
international payment surplus/balance of payments surplus
国际收支逆差
international payment deficit/balance of payments deficit
现汇市场
spot foreign exchange market/spot（transaction）market
汇市
foreign exchange market
用汇
use foreign exchange
间接汇率
indirect rate
固定汇率
fixed（exchanged）rate
远期汇率
forward（exchange）rate
即期汇率
spot（exchange）rate
浮动汇率
floating/flexible exchange rate
人民币汇率
Renminbi（RMB）exchange rate
汇兑率
rate（course）of exchange
市场汇率
exchange rate at market
人民币币值
the value of Renminbi currency
官方汇率
official rate of exchange/official exchange rate
购买力平价
ppp（purchasing power parity）
创汇
earn foreign exchange
汇票
bill of exchange
炒买炒卖外汇
scalp foreign exchange
炒买炒卖
scalp/peculate
兑换券
foreign exchange certificate（FEC）
换汇
gain foreign exchange
逃汇
evade foreign exchange
套汇
engage in arbitrage
骗汇套汇
engage in degradation and arbitrage of foreign exchange
差别关税
differential rates of duty/differential duties
差价关税
variable import levy
欧洲美元存款
Eurodollar deposits
将汇票贴现
the bill is said to be discounted/to discount the bills of exchange
稳定人民币币值
keep the value of the RMB stable
保持人民币币值稳定
keep the Renminbi stable
保持人民币汇率稳定
keep stable the exchange rates for the Renminbi（RMB）against other currencies
人民币不贬值的决策
the decision not to devalue the Renminbi/the decision of not depreciating the RMB
人民币经常项目下的可兑换
convertibility of the Renminbi under current accounts/exchangeable of Renminbi under current projects
自由兑换货币
freely convertible currency
（十一）地区经济
Local Economy
区域规划
regional planning
生产力布局
productivity distribution
经济布局
economic distribution/layout of economy
工业布局
industrial distribution/industry of distribution
布点，布局
layout/location/distribution
行政区
administrative district（region）
地区经济
local economy
经济区域
economic zones/economic regions
经济区划
economic regional divisions
发达地区
the developed regions
经济发达地区
economically-developed region
欠发达地区
less developed areas
东部地区
eastern part of the country/eastern regions
东部沿海地区
the coastal region in east China/eastern coastal areas/the eastern coastal regions
东北地区
northeast China（or the Northeast）
中部地区
the central part of the country
中西部地区
the central and western parts of the country/central and western regions
西部地区
the western part of the country
大西部
（China's undeveloped）western provinces
西部大开发
the strategy for developing the western region/development of the west regions
沿海地区
coastal areas
沿海开放城市
open coastal city（or cities）
沿海经济开放区
open coastal economic development area
环渤海地区
the rim of Bohai Bay areas/areas around the perimeter of Bohai Bay
沿交通干线地区
the areas along main communications lines
老工业基地
old industrial bases
三峡地区
Three Gorges area
沿边地区
the areas along the borders
经济带
economic（zones）belts
产业带
industrial belts
长江上游经济带
the upper reaches of the Yangtze River
西陇海兰新线经济带
the economic zones along the Tongguan-Lanzhou-Urumqi line
临海经济带和海洋经济区
coastal economic belts and marine economic zone
中心城市
central cities
内陆中心城市
the inland major cities/the major cities in the hinterland
沿（长）江城市
city（or cities）along the Yangtze River
特区
special zone
经济特区
special economic（zone）region
开发区
development zone
经济技术开发区
economic and technical（technological）development zone
开放城市
city open to foreigners open city
计划单列城市
city directly under state/a specifically designated city independent listed city in the state plan
新区
new（ly）developed area/newly added district
工业园区
industrial park（zone）
新技术工业园区
new technology industrial park
国家高新技术产业开发区
national high and new technology industrial development zone
技术开发区
technological development zone
上海浦东新区
the Pudong New Area in（or of）Shanghai
协作区
coordinated region
跨地区
transregional/interregional/cross-regional
跨地区的经济带
cross-regional economic zone
跨地区的重点产业带
cross-regional key industrial belt
地区发展差距
regional development disparities/regional disparities（or gaps）in development/the gap（s）in development between different regions
地方优势
local advantage
比较优势
comparative advantages
地区封锁
regional barriers
全国一盘棋
a game on the national chessboard
大协作
large-scale cooperation/major pooling of efforts
民族经济
national economy
地质勘探
geological（or exploration）prospecting
土地征用
land（or requisition）expropriation
长江三角洲和整个长江流域
the Yangtze River Delta and the whole Yangtze River basin
地区经济合理布局和协调发展
rational distribution and coordinated
development of regional economies
发展各具特色的地区经济
develop regional economies with their respective characteristics
发挥中心城市的作用
let the central cities play their role/give play to the role of the major cities
发挥各地优势，推动区域经济协调发展
promote coordinated development of regional economies by giving scope to the advantages in their respective localities
国土整治、开发、利用、保护
the improvement，development，utilization and protection of our land
加快老工业基地的改造
speed up the upgrading of old industrial bases
跨地区、跨行业、跨所有制和跨国经营的大企业集团
large enterprise groups with cross-regional，inter-trade，cross-ownership and transnational operations
老少边穷地区
old revolutionary base areas，areas inhabited by minority nationalities/remote areas with features of poverty，old revolutions and minorities
实施西部大开发战略
carry out the strategy（for western development）of western region development
进一步办好经济特区和上海浦东新区
better operate the special economic zones and the Pudong New Area in Shanghai/do a better job in running the special economic zones and the Pudong New Area of Shanghai
西南和华南部分省区（及重庆市）
some provinces and autonomous regions in southwest China（or in the Southwest）and South China（and Chongqing Municipality）
形成跨地区的经济区域和重点产业带
form（or establish）cross-regional economic zones and key industrial belts
沿海陆地区域和海洋区域一体化开发
exploiting the coastal land and sea areas in a unified way/integrated exploitation of coastal land and ocean areas
以上海浦东开发开放为龙头，进一步开放长江沿岸城市
Open more cities along Yangtze River，while concentrating on the development and opening of the Pudong Area of Shanghai
以中心城市和交通要道为依托，形成和发展若干突破行政区划界限的经济区域
establish and develop a number of economic zones that transcend administrative boundaries，with major cities and（vital communications lines）main traffic arteries as the basis
中部六省地区
region of the six provinces in the central part（Henan，Hubei，Hunan，Jiangxi，shanxi and Anhui）
正确处理中央和地方的关系
correctly handle the relationships between the central（authorities）and the local authorities
正确处理东部地区和中西部地区的关系
correctly handle the relationships between the eastern part and the central and western parts of the country（or the relationship between the eastern and central-western regions）
逐步缩小地区发展差距
minimize the regional development disparities step by step/narrow the regional gap（s）in development step by step/gradually narrow the gap（s）in development between different regions
（十二）国防
National Defense
国防
national defense
增强国防实力
strengthen（increase）our defense capabilities
国防动员体制
mobilization system for national defense
国防法
National Defense Law
国防费
defense expenditure/expenditure on national defense
国防工业
defense industry
国防后备力量
the reserves for national defense/the reserve force for defense
国防建设
the building up of national defense/national defense construction/the work in defense
国防科技工业
defense technology industry
国防科技研究
research in defense-related science and technology/scientific and technological research for national defense/defense research
国防实力
defense capabilities
国防现代化
modernization of national defense
军工技术的和平利用
peaceful use of military industrial technologies/military industrial technologies for peaceful used
军民结合
army-civilian integration/integrating the army with the people/the integration of the army with the people
军工企业
military industrial enterprises
军转民
transfer from military to civilian use in industrial technologies/the transfer of military technology to civilian use
军事设施保护法
Protection of Military Facilities Law
平战结合
combining（or the combination of）peacetime with wartime
武器装备现代化
modernization of weaponry
大规模杀伤性武器
mass destruction weapon
地对地导弹
ground-to-ground missile
地对空导弹
ground-to-air missile
地下核试验
underground（subsurface）nuclear test
多弹头导弹
multiple warhead missiles
多级火箭
multistage rocket/step rocket
反弹道导弹
antiballistic missile
反雷达导弹
antiradar missile
核潜艇
nuclear（-powered）submarine
核火箭
nuclear rocket
核技术
nuclear technology
核武库
nuclear arsenal
核武器
nuclear weapon
核战争
nuclear war
捆绑式火箭
strap-on rocket
捆绑式助推器
strap-on booster
两弹一星
atomic bomb，hydrogen bomb and artificial satellite
远程导弹
long-range missile
运载火箭
carrier rocket
战略核武器
strategic nuclear weapons
战区导弹防御体系
TMD（Theater Missile Defense）
战术核武器
tactical nuclear weapons
超音速轰炸机
supersonic bomber
现代技术特别是高技术条件下的防卫作战能力
defense capabilities under modern technology and especially high-tech conditions
正确处理国防建设和经济建设的关系
correctly handle the relationship between national defense construction and economic development（or economic construction）/correctly handle the relationship between national defense building and economic development