试题解析
北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2019年5月真题
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension （30%）
Direction：There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
A little boy in South Carolina got to celebrate his birthday twice：After only one friend showed up to his birthday party，the local fire department decided to throw him another one.
The City of Beaufort Fire Department shared the story of a party the fire department held for a local boy named Cooper，who was disappointed when only one of his classmates showed up to his 6th birthday party.But after a community member gave the local fire department a call，（76） the members were quick to come to his rescue.
“We jumped on board and said we'll do whatever we can to make sure he has a great birthday and that more than one child shows up，”Beaufort firefighter Ross Vezin says.“We made arrangements to pick him up from school along with his mom and brother，and we brought him to a bowling alley （保龄球场） along with a biker group.”
The fire department was also able to bring nearly 75 other kids from school to celebrate alongside Cooper，whose mother，Nicoala Shiflet，said he has difficulty making friends because he suffers from autism （自闭症）.
“They had cake and presents and got to do some bowling，”Vezin continues，adding that the party came to be known as “Cooper's Birthday 2.0”.
From riding in a fire truck to seeing the motorcycles from the biker group and even being welcomed by so many new friends，Cooper loved his celebration.And it won't be the last time that the little boy gets to hang out with the fire department responsible for it.
“We're also going to have him up next week，”Vezin says.“We're going to give him a fire department T-shirt and a tour of our fire station.”
1.Who did the most to make Cooper's second birthday party a great success?
A.Firefighters from Beaufort Fire Department.
B.Men from the biker group.
C.Community members.
D.Cooper's parents.
［答案］A
［命题意图］考查细节理解
［难度系数］0.55
［试题分析］
本题询问是谁把库珀的第二个生日派对办得如此成功。B选项是摩托车队的队员，C选项是社区成员，D选项是库珀的父母，这三个选项均为库珀生日派对的参与者，而真正的举办者是A选项，即博福特消防局的消防员们。从首段第二句可直接推导出答案。
2.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A.About 75 kids showed up at Cooper's second birthday party.
B.Cooper's mother and brother were at his second birthday party.
C.Those joining the second birthday party did some bowling.
D.Cooper got a T-shirt from the fire department at his second birthday party.
［答案］D
［命题意图］考查细节理解
［难度系数］0.48
［试题分析］
本题要求选出错误的一项。A选项与文章第四段“The fire department was also able to bring nearly 75 other kids from school to celebrate alongside Cooper…”对应，有数字的题直接去文中找到对应的数字。B选项与文章第三段“We made arrangements to pick him up from school along with his mom and brother…”对应，C选项与文章第三段“…and we brought him to a bowling alley along with a biker group.”对应。D选项说库珀在第二次生日派对上得到了消防局送出的一件T恤，从文章最后一段可知，消防局计划在库珀生日之后的一周赠送T恤，故D选项错误。
3.The phrase have him up in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
A.invite him as a guest
B.meet him by chance
C.take care of him
D.make friends with him
［答案］A
［命题意图］考查词义猜测
［难度系数］0.57
［试题分析］
根据最后一段“We're going to give him a fire department T-shirt and a tour of our fire station.”，可知消防局将邀请库珀作为客人参观消防站，故选择A。B选项meet him by chance偶然遇见他，C选项take care of him照顾好他，D选项make friends with him与他交朋友。
4.Only one kid went to Cooper's first birthday party because______.
A.Cooper was not good at making friends
B.other kids were busy with their classes then
C.Cooper liked to play with grown-ups
D.Cooper didn't invite his classmates
［答案］A
［命题意图］考查细节理解
［难度系数］0.45
［试题分析］
本题询问只有一个孩子参加库珀第一个生日派对的原因。从文章第四段“…whose mother，Nicoala Shiflet，said he has difficulty making friends because he suffers from autism.”可知库珀患有自闭症，不善于交朋友，故选择A。
5. We learn from the passage that Cooper was ______ the second birthday party.
A.disappointed with
B.satisfied with
C.frightened by
D.angry about
［答案］B
［命题意图］考查细节理解
［难度系数］0.55
［试题分析］
根据文章第六段“Cooper loved his celebration”，可知库珀对他的第二次生日派对非常满意，故选择B。A选项 disappointed with失望；C选项frightened by害怕；D选项angry about生气。
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
On July 20，1969，Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon.The spacesuit Armstrong wore on his mission has come to symbolize courage and human achievement.In 1971，the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum （NASM） acquired Armstrong's suit.It stood proudly on display for visitors to admire，until there were changes in the suit's appearance.“Over time，the suit started to show signs of deterioration （变坏），” Lisa Young says.She works at NASM and her job is to preserve historical and cultural treasures.
Plastics are tricky to preserve.They tend to degrade （降解） over time.Neoprene is one type of plastic in Armstrong's suit.The material can turn brittle and break into tiny pieces.（77） This would ruin the spacesuit. NASM，seeking ways to preserve this historical treasure，removed it from display in 2006.
Yet history can still be saved. Sunlight，water，humidity，and dust can cause plastics to degrade.Scientists have found that storing plastics in cooler temperatures，with lower humidity levels，can slow degradation.Young says Armstrong's suit is currently in storage at a temperature of 63℉ and a lower relative humidity of 30%.These conditions will be maintained when Armstrong's suit returns to a museum display case in time for this year's 50th anniversary （周年纪念日） of the moon landing.
Plastic degradation affects art，too.Artist Claes Oldenburg created False Food Selection in 1966.（78） It consists of plastic food displayed in a wooden box. The plastic food used to look real.Now，some of it has flattened and yellowed.The artwork's wooden box produces an acidic gas that eats away at the plastic，which speeds up the degradation process.But Young is motivated to preserve this artwork and others like it.“Plastics are a part of our history，”she says.“It's important to preserve them so that future generations can understand the journey we've taken.”
6.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.Landing on the Moon
B.Preserving Plastics
C.Neil Armstrong's Spacesuit
D.Application of Plastics
［答案］B
［命题意图］概括文章标题
［难度系数］0.40
［试题分析］
文章分别以宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的宇航服与艺术家克莱斯·奥登伯格作品中的塑料食品为例，说明了塑料制品的保存问题。
7.The word brittle in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A.well established
B.heavily loaded
C.easily upset
D.easily broken
［答案］D
［命题意图］猜测词义
［难度系数］0.32
［试题分析］
A选项well established意为“良好的”；B选项heavily loaded意为“负载很重的”；C选项easily upset意为“易怒的”；D选项easily broken意为“易碎的”。
单词brittle所在的句子为“The material can turn brittle and break into tiny pieces.”，break into tiny pieces意为“分解成小块”。
8.In 2006，NASM removed Armstrong's spacesuit from display to ______.
A.put it on sale
B.return it to Armstrong
C.give it to another museum
D.look for ways to preserve it
［答案］D
［命题意图］考查对细节的理解
［难度系数］0.33
［试题分析］
根据第二段最后一句话“NASM，seeking ways to preserve this historical treasure，removed it from display in 2006.”，可知NASM是为了寻求保存宇航服的方法，才于2006年将它从展览中撤除。
9.In Claes Oldenburg's False Food Selection，the wooden box ______ the plastic degradation.
A.slows down
B.leads to
C.accelerates
D.doesn't play any role in
［答案］C
［命题意图］考查对文意的理解
［难度系数］0.32
［试题分析］
从文章最后一段“The artwork's wooden box produces an acidic gas that eats away at the plastic，which speeds up the degradation process.”可知，这件艺术品的木箱会产生一种酸性气体，腐蚀塑料，加速塑料的降解过程。因此C选项accelerates（加速）为正确答案。A选项slows down减慢；B选项 leads to导致；D选项doesn't play any role in没有起到任何作用。
10.According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.Sunlight，water and dust contribute to plastic degradation.
B.Armstrong's spacesuit is currently on public display at NASM.
C.NASM acquired Armstrong's spacesuit in 1971.
D.Claes Oldenburg is an artist.
［答案］B
［命题意图］考查对文章细节的理解
［难度系数］0.30
［试题分析］
本题要求选择不正确的说法。A选项与文章第三段“Sunlight，water，humidity，and dust can cause plastics to degrade.”对应，故A说法正确；C选项与文章第一段“In 1971，the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum （NASM） acquired Armstrong's suit.”对应，故C说法正确；D选项与最后一段中“Artist Claes Oldenburg created False Food Selection in 1966.”对应，故D说法正确。B选项说阿姆斯特朗的宇航服目前在国家航空航天博物馆公开展出，这与文章第三段最后一句“These conditions will be maintained when Armstrong's suit returns to a museum display case in time for this year's 50th anniversary of the moon landing.”的说法相悖。
也可以根据第8题推断本题答案。
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
There was once a tree in South Africa so wide that it could fit 60 people inside its hollow trunk.The tree reached 62 feet into the sky.It was more than 1,100 years old.But recently，that tree and others like it have died.（79）Scientists are wondering why.
The tree was a baobab.A baobab looks like a giant oak（橡树）turned upside down.It's branches resemble roots reaching toward the sky.It grows in Africa and is called the Tree of Life.Baobab trees tend to live a long time.One of the oldest stood for more than 2,400 years.Various baobabs have been used as a shop，a prison，a house，and a bus shelter.
In 2005，scientists began a survey to determine the age of more than 60 baobabs.（80）During the process，they noticed that several of the trees had died. Their results，recently published in Nature Plants，show that nine of the 13 oldest baobab trees and five out of six of the largest died in the 12-year study period.
Stephan Woodborne conducted the baobab study with six other scientists.They say more research is needed to know why the trees died，but they think climate change may be to blame.That's because the trees showed no evidence of disease.Plus，many were in national parks，so they would have been protected from human harm.Also，Woodborne says， the most affected baobabs are on the outer edge of their ideal habitat （栖息地）.Increasing heat and shifting rainy seasons have made it harder for baobabs in these areas to thrive.
Smaller and younger baobabs are dying too.“The big ones and the old ones caught the attention of the media，”Woodborne says.“But it's not just those.It's unprecedented（空前的）that they should be dying across the age spectrum.We've got to do a reality check on our own footprints in terms of the way we live our lives.If we all changed what we did a little bit，it would start to make a difference.”
11.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.Die-off of Africa's Baobabs
B.National Parks in Africa
C.African Rainy Seasons
D.Strange-looking Baobabs
［答案］A
［命题意图］选择文章标题
［难度系数］0.44
［试题分析］
本题要求寻找文章最佳标题。因为全文主要介绍了非洲的猴面包树及其死亡的原因，因此A选项“非洲猴面包树的灭绝”为最佳答案。做此类题目，可以通读全文首句，然后进行排除。
12.The baobab study lasted______.
A.6 years
B.9 years
C.12 years
D.13 years
［答案］C
［命题意图］考查对文章细节的理解
［难度系数］0.33
［试题分析］
本题要求回答关于猴面包树的研究持续了多久。由文章第三段最后一句“Their results，recently published in Nature Plants，show that nine of the 13 oldest baobab trees and five out of six of the largest died in the 12-year study period.”可知，C选项12 years为正确答案。题目或答案中有数字出现时可以直接先进行定位。
13.According to Stephan Woodborne，the baobab trees died mainly because of______.
A.human damage
B.disease
C.climate change
D.the attack of insects
［答案］C
［命题意图］考查对文章细节的理解
［难度系数］0.39
［试题分析］
文章第四段第二句说“They say more research is needed to know why the trees died，but they think climate change may be to blame.”，可知他们认为导致猴面包树死亡的原因是气候变化，故C选项为正确答案。题目中出现人名时，可以直接进行定位。
14.The word spectrum in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
A.point
B.range
C.edge
D.team
［答案］B
［命题意图］猜测单词词意
［难度系数］0.49
［试题分析］
选项中单词为：A选项point点；B选项range范围；C选项edge边缘；D选项team队伍。定位到最后一段spectrum所在的句子“It's unprecedented that they should be dying across the age spectrum.”，意思是：空前的是，它们的死亡应该是跨越年龄范围的。across是“跨越；贯穿”的意思，across the age spectrum意思是“跨越年龄范围”，故B为正确答案。
15.According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.Further research is needed to know why the Baobabs died.
B.Baobab trees can live a long time.
C.The researchers found that only old baobab trees died.
D.The baobab study involved more than 60 baobabs.
［答案］C
［命题意图］考查对文章细节的理解
［难度系数］0.59
［试题分析］
本题要求寻找不正确的说法。由文章第四段第二句“They say more research is needed to know why the trees died…”可知A选项说法正确；由文章第二段“One of the oldest stood for more than 2,400 years.”可知B选项说法正确；D选项与文章第三段第一句话“In 2005，scientists began a survey to determine the age of more than 60 baobabs.”对应，故D选项说法正确；C选项说研究人员发现只有老猴面包树死亡，由文章最后一段第一句话“Smaller and younger baobabs are dying too.”可知小猴面包树也在死亡，故该说法错误，因此正确答案为C。