英国小说部分

Chapter One Danniel Defoe（1660-1731）

Daniel Defoe（1660-1731），a distinguished novelist in the English literature，was born in London，with birthdate and exact birthplace uncertain.He was a versatile writer：an English trader，writer，journalist，pamphleteer and spy.He is considered as one of the founders of English novel.He is called “the father of European novels and English novels.”

His father was a hard-working tallow chandler （perhaps also，later a butcher）.His mother Annie died when he was about ten years old.In the beginning，Daniel Defoe was educated at the Rev.James Fisher's boarding school in Pixham Lane in Dorking，Surrey.Then at the age of 14，he was sent to the excellent academy at Newington Green，where he received very good education.When he was 21，he graduated from the academy and began to enter the world of business as a general merchant，dealing at different times in hosiery，general woollen goods，and wine.On 1 January 1684，Defoe married Mary Tuffley，who was the daughter of a well-to-do merchant，and received a dowry of ￡3，700.But after prospering for a while，in 1692，he was in great debt （about ￡17，000） and had to declare bankruptcy.His wife was a loyal and devoted woman，giving birth to eight children，with six living to maturity.Though there were many troubles in their marriage，it lasted about 50 years till Defoe's death.

In 1697，Defoe's first notable book An Essay Upon Projects was published，proposing ways of providing better roads，insurance，and education.Defoe's vigorous and witty poem “The True Born Englishman” was published in 1701，attacking those who were prejudiced against having a king of foreign birth.In 1703，Defoe was arrested for having published The Shortest Waywith the Dissenters in 1702，in which Defoe ironically demanded the savage suppression of dissent.Five months later，he was released by a Tory government official，Robert Harley，who offered Defoe a post as a government agent.Just a few days after his release，Defoe witnessed the great storm in 1703，which killed more than 8000 people.So he worked on The Storm and published it in 1704，presenting witness accounts of the great storm.It was considered as the first example of modernist journalism.He continued to work as a journalist，pamphleteer and secret agent for the government.With the help of the government，Defoe started the newspaper，The Review（1704-1713），which promoted the union between England and Scotland in 1706 and 1707.Because of writing many pamphlets attacking the political opportunity for Harley，he was taken to court by Whigs and served another prison sentence.

In 1719，when Defoe was about 59 years old，he began to take up writing novels.His most famous novel Robinson Crusoe gained him enduring fame in the world.It is second only to the Bible in its number of translation.He also wrote Captain Singleton（1720），Journal of the Plague Year（1722），Captain Jack（1722），Moll Flanders（1722） and Roxanda（1724）.

Defoe also wrote a three-volume travel book，Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain（1724-1727） that provided a vivid first-hand account of the state of the country.Other non-fiction books include The Complete English Tradesman（1726） and London the Most Flourishing City in the Universe （1728）.As a prolific and versatile writer，he produced more than five hundred books，pamphlets，and journals on diverse topics，including crime，politics，marriage，psychology，religion and the supernatural.He was also a pioneer of economic journalism and business journalism.

Daniel Defoe died in 1731.He was buried in Borough of Islington，London，where a monument was built in memory of him.

Major Characters in Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe，as the protagonist in the novel，is an ambitious，hard-working，courageous，persistent，and determined hero.Instead of taking up law as expected by his father，he wants to be a sailor.He goes away from home and takes adventures on the sea at the age of 19.Once，he encounters a shipwreck and has to stay on a remote tropical deserted island near Trinidad for 28 years，experiencing cannibals，captives，and mutineers，before ultimately being rescued.He is the embodiment of new man with courage to build himself and overcome difficulties in the nature.He is a real empire builder，representing the colonist.His building of the empire on the island actually reflects the colonial expansion of the rising bourgeoisie.

Friday，as another leading character in the novel，is an innocent and honest man，as well as a sincere and loyal person to his master Robinson Crusoe.He is rescued by Robinson Crusoe，and becomes completely loyal and faithful to his master.He is intelligent enough to learn a lot from Robinson Crusoe and follows him all the way.

Xuryis a young boy who has been enslaved with Robinson when living with the pirates.He accompanies Robinson along the coast of Africa.On their way of escape，they are rescued by the Portuguese ship.Robinson reluctantly sells him into the service of the Portuguese captain，who agrees to set him free in ten years.

The Portuguese captain is a kind-hearted and generous captain of the Portuguese ship.He rescues Robinson and Xury off the coast of Africa，sets Robinson in Brazil and brings Robinson's English money back to Brazil.He is instrumental in Crusoe receiving the profits of his estate and thus becoming well off in the world.When Robinson returns after 28 years to the island，he gives the profits from Robinson's plantation back to him.Robinson finally visits the old captain in Lisbon and repays him.

Friday's Father is one of the two prisoners rescued by Robinson from being eaten by some cannibals on the island.He lives with Robinson and Friday on the island for a while and then is sent to bring back the remaining Spaniards from the shipwreck.

The Spanish prisoner is one of the two prisoners.He identifies himself as a Christian to Robinson.Then he and Friday's father are sent by Robinson to bring back the rest of the Spaniards to the island.Finally，the Spaniards build a colony on the island.

The English Captain： his crew mutinies against him and abandons him on Robinson's island.Robinson saves him and the English captain promises to take Robinson back to English in return.With Robinson's help，the English captain succeeds taking the ship back.

Will Atkins is one of mutineers against the English captain.The captain wants to kill him for being the first to turn on him.But Robinson insists on leaving Will and other trustworthy mutineers on the island.

Crusoe's nephews： when Robinson comes back to England，only two sisters and two nephews remain in the family.Under the care of Robinson，the two nephews grow up.One is raised by him as a gentleman，while the other one becomes a sailor.Actually both of the nephews represent Robinson's two choices when he is young：to live a comfortable life as a gentleman in England or to live an adventurous life as a sailor.

Crusoe's wife doesn't have her own name in the novel.She becomes Robinson's wife after he returns to England from Lisbon.They have children.When Robinson lives with his wife，his life is stable and comfortable.After his wife dies，Robinson goes to sea again.The brief depict of the life with his wife and her death shows that Robinson only concentrates on his own adventures without paying more attention to other people，even his wife.

The Plot Summary of Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe can be divided into three parts.The first part is about Crusoe's three voyages，the second part about his hunting，hiding in caves farming and his hard struggles against nature on a small island，the third about the things which happen after his return from the island.The second part is the body of the novel.

Robinson Crusoe，who resides in Hull，England，is the youngest child in his middle-class family.Though his father wants him to pursue a career in law，he refuses and wants to sail the seas.Despite the fact that his two older brothers are gone just because of their need for adventure，he runs away with a friend and sets to sail in August 1651.Then bad weather strikes the ship which is forced to land at Yarmouth.After the tumultuous journey，he manages to find another voyage to Africa.The ship is attacked by pirates and Crusoe is captured and enslaved by a Moor.Two years later，he succeeds escaping with a boy named Xury.Then a Portuguese ship captain takes them to Brazil.Then Crusoe sells Xury to the captain.In return，the captain helps him to start a sugar plantation.He earns some money and has some partners.

A few years later，he is propositioned by his partners to start a trading-slave business.He is made the master of the tradepost.But on the voyage，he is shipwrecked，becoming the only survivor.He is in despair in the beginning，but then he revives the desire for life.He fetches the arms，tools and other suppliers from the broken ship.He manages to build his shelter，raise goats，store food，make tools and grow barley and rice.He creates a calender by making marks on a wooden cross.He lives a good life like this for many more years.Then he finds native cannibals occasionally come to the island in canoes from a mainland not too far away to kill and eat prisoners.Once，he succeeds saving a young savage by using his gun to scare the cannibals away and he names him “Friday” who is grateful and becomes Crusoe's devoted servant.Crusoe teaches him English.They live happily together.Then some years later，they manage to save another two prisoners：Spaniard and Friday's father.They succeed bringing back the rest of the Spaniard's men and the island becomes peopled.

Before Spaniard and Friday's father come back，an English boat with many sailors comes ashore.Crusoe learns that the captain is mutinied by his crew and he makes an agreement with the captain helping the captain to retake the ship as long as they can take Friday and himself to England for free.They succeed restoring the order to the ship and leave the mutineers on the island.

Friday and Crusoe return to England.Arriving there，Crusoe learns that his family have believed him dead and leave him nothing.Therefore，he goes to Lisbon to reclaim his estate's profits in Brazil.He is surprised to find that his sugar plantations have done well even though he has been away for thirty-five years.He becomes a wealthy man.He gives some money to the Portuguese captain for his helping him transport wealth from Portugal to England.

In England，Crusoe is married and has three children.After his wife's death，Crusoe starts another voyage and passes by the previous island again.He finds that the sailors staying in the island have settled down there and live happy lives.So he sends more people there and gives them kinds of commodities，leaving the island happily.

Themes in Robinson Crusoe

1.Survival

Adventures spread in the novel，and survival becomes the major theme in the novel.In the beginning of the novel，Robinson Crusoe encounters being shipwrecked，and survival is the most important thing for him to realize.He has to not only find clean water to drink，enough food to eat，but also build his own shelter，and protect himself from being attacked or eaten by the wild animals.Therefore，survival is the first step for Robinson's development.

2.Courage and Determination

To realize his own dream of being a sailor，Robinson Crusoe goes away from home and takes adventures on the sea，which needs great courage and determination.He is confined in the isolated and remote island without living materials，and he has to solve the living problems by himself，which also needs great courage and determination.

3.Self-sufficiency，Optimism and Hard work

After experiencing being shipwrecked，Robinson is trapped in the island.He makes tools and manages to survive by self-sufficiency.He is optimistic enough to overcome all the difficulties by himself in the first few years and build his own empire in the end.Through hard work，he not only manages to survive，but also lives a comfortable life.

4.Friendship and Loyalty

Robinson Crusoe rescues Friday and Friday is so grateful to him that he becomes a faithful and loyal friend to him.Though Friday is Robinson Crusoe's slave，Robinson prefers him to be his friend.He teaches Friday English and many other things.Their friendship lasts till the end.Friday's loyalty gives readers a deep impression.

5.Harmonious Coexistence with Nature

The relationship with nature in the novel is another major theme.Robinson Crusoe doesn't blame the nature when being shipwrecked.Instead，he makes full use of everything in the nature，including the cave，animals，rain and so on to survive，improve his life and finally builds his own empire.

Robinson Crusoe （Chapter One）

I WAS born in the year 1632，in the city of York，of a good family，though not of that country，my father being a foreigner of Bremen，who settled first at Hull.He got a good estate by merchandise，and leaving off his trade，lived afterwards at York，from whence he had married my mother，whose relations were named Robinson，a very good family in that country，and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznaer；but，by the usual corruption of words in England，we are now called—nay we call ourselves and write our name—Crusoe；and so my companions always called me.

I had two elder brothers，one of whom was lieutenant-colonel to an English regiment of foot in Flanders，formerly commanded by the famous Colonel Lockhart，and was killed at the battle near Dunkirk against the Spaniards.What became of my second brother I never knew，any more than my father or mother knew what became of me.

Being the third son of the family and not bred to any trade，my head began to be filled very early with rambling thoughts.My father，who was very ancient，had given me a competent share of learning，as far as house-education and a country free school generally go，and designed me for the law；but I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea；and my inclination to this led me so strongly against the will，nay，the commands of my father，and against all the entreaties and persuasions of my mother and other friends，that there seemed to be something fatal in that propensity of nature，tending directly to the life of misery which was to befall me.

My father，a wise and grave man，gave me serious and excellent counsel against what he foresaw was my design.He called me one morning into his chamber，where he was confined by the gout，and expostulated very warmly with me upon this subject.He asked me what reasons，more than a mere wandering inclination，I had for leaving father's house and my native country，where I might be well introduced，and had a prospect of raising my fortune by application and industry，with a life of ease and pleasure.

He told me it was men of desperate fortunes on one hand，or of aspiring，superior fortunes on the other，who went abroad upon adventures，to rise by enterprise，and make themselves famous in undertakings of a nature out of the common road；that these things were all either too far above me or too far below me；that mine was the middle state，or what might be called the upper station of low life，which he had found，by long experience，was the best state in the world，the most suited to human happiness，not exposed to the miseries and hardships，the labour and sufferings of the mechanic part of mankind，and not embarrassed with the pride，luxury，ambition，and envy of the upper part of mankind.He told me I might judge of the happiness of this state by this one thing—viz.that this was the state of life which all other people envied；that kings have frequently lamented the miserable consequence of being born to great things，and wished they had been placed in the middle of the two extremes，between the mean and the great；that the wise man gave his testimony to this，as the standard of felicity，when he prayed to have neither poverty nor riches.

He bade me observe it，and I should always find that the calamities of life were shared among the upper and lower part of mankind，but that the middle station had the fewest disasters，and was not exposed to so many vicissitudes as the higher or lower part of mankind；nay，they were not subjected to so many distempers and uneasinesses，either of body or mind，as those were who，by vicious living，luxury，and extravagances on the one hand，or by hard labour，want of necessaries，and mean or insufficient diet on the other hand，bring distemper upon themselves by the natural consequences of their way of living；that the middle station of life was calculated for all kind of virtue and all kind of enjoyments；that peace and plenty were the handmaids of a middle fortune；that temperance，moderation，quietness，health，society，all agreeable diversions，and all desirable pleasures，were the blessings attending the middle station of life；that this way men went silently and smoothly through the world，and comfortably out of it，not embarrassed with the labours of the hands or of the head，not sold to a life of slavery for daily bread，nor harassed with perplexed circumstances，which rob the soul of peace and the body of rest，nor enraged with the passion of envy，or the secret burning lust of ambition for great things；but，in easy circumstances，sliding gently through the world，and sensibly tasting the sweets of living，without the bitter；feeling that they are happy，and learning by every day's experience to know it more sensibly.

After this he pressed me earnestly，and in the most affectionate manner，not to play the young man，nor to precipitate myself into miseries which nature，and the station of life I was born in，seemed to have provided against；that I was under no necessity of seeking my bread；that he would do well for me，and endeavour to enter me fairly into the station of life which he had just been recommending to me；and that if I was not very easy and happy in the world，it must be my mere fate or fault that must hinder it；and that he should have nothing to answer for，having thus discharged his duty in warning me against measures which he knew would be to my hurt；in a word，that as he would do very kind things for me if I would stay and settle at home as he directed，so he would not have so much hand in my misfortunes as to give me any encouragement to go away；and to close all，he told me I had my elder brother for an example，to whom he had used the same earnest persuasions to keep him from going into the Low Country wars，but could not prevail，his young desires prompting him to run into the army，where he was killed；and though he said he would not cease to pray for me，yet he would venture to say to me，that if I did take this foolish step，God would not bless me，and I should have leisure hereafter to reflect upon having neglected his counsel when there might be none to assist in my recovery.

I observed in this last part of his discourse，which was truly prophetic，though I suppose my father did not know it to be so himself—I say，I observed the tears run down his face very plentifully，especially when he spoke of my brother who was killed：and that when he spoke of my having leisure to repent，and none to assist me，he was so moved that he broke off the discourse，and told me his heart was so full he could say no more to me.

I was sincerely affected with this discourse，and，indeed，who could be otherwise？and I resolved not to think of going abroad any more，but to settle at home according to my father's desire.But alas！a few days wore it all off；and，in short，to prevent any of my father's further importunities，in a few weeks after I resolved to run quite away from him.However，I did not act quite so hastily as the first heat of my resolution prompted；but I took my mother at a time when I thought her a little more pleasant than ordinary，and told her that my thoughts were so entirely bent upon seeing the world that I should never settle to anything with resolution enough to go through with it，and my father had better give me his consent than force me to go without it；that I was now eighteen years old，which was too late to go apprentice to a trade or clerk to an attorney；that I was sure if I did I should never serve out my time，but I should certainly run away from my master before my time was out，and go to sea；and if she would speak to my father to let me go one voyage abroad，if I came home again，and did not like it，I would go no more；and I would promise，by a double diligence，to recover the time that I had lost.

This put my mother into a great passion；she told me she knew it would be to no purpose to speak to my father upon any such subject；that he knew too well what was my interest to give his consent to anything so much for my hurt；and that she wondered how I could think of any such thing after the discourse I had had with my father，and such kind and tender expressions as she knew my father had used to me；and that，in short，if I would ruin myself，there was no help for me；but I might depend I should never have their consent to it；that for her part she would not have so much hand in my destruction；and I should never have it to say that my mother was willing when my father was not.

Though my mother refused to move it to my father，yet I heard afterwards that she reported all the discourse to him，and that my father，after showing a great concern at it，said to her，with a sigh，“That boy might be happy if he would stay at home；but if he goes abroad，he will be the most miserable wretch that ever was born：I can give no consent to it.”

It was not till almost a year after this that I broke loose，though，in the meantime，I continued obstinately deaf to all proposals of settling to business，and frequently expostulated with my father and mother about their being so positively determined against what they knew my inclinations prompted me to.But being one day at Hull，where I went casually，and without any purpose of making an elopement at that time；but，I say，being there，and one of my companions being about to sail to London in his father's ship，and prompting me to go with them with the common allurement of seafaring men，that it should cost me nothing for my passage，I consulted neither father nor mother any more，nor so much as sent them word of it；but leaving them to hear of it as they might，without asking God's blessing or my father's，without any consideration of circumstances or consequences，and in an ill hour，God knows，on the 1st of September 1651，I went on board a ship bound for London.Never any young adventurer's misfortunes，I believe，began sooner，or continued longer than mine.The ship was no sooner out of the Humber than the wind began to blow and the sea to rise in a most frightful manner；and，as I had never been at sea before，I was most inexpressibly sick in body and terrified in mind.I began now seriously to reflect upon what I had done，and how justly I was overtaken by the judgment of Heaven for my wicked leaving my father's house，and abandoning my duty.All the good counsels of my parents，my father's tears and my mother's entreaties，came now fresh into my mind；and my conscience，which was not yet come to the pitch of hardness to which it has since，reproached me with the contempt of advice，and the breach of my duty to God and my father.

《鲁滨逊漂流记》第一章 鲁滨逊·克鲁索的一生及其历险（部分）

我于一六三二年出生在约克市，虽然我家是外来的，但是家境殷实。我的父亲来自于德国不莱梅，刚开始在赫尔市定居。他经商发了家后就不再做生意搬到了约克市，并在此地娶了我的母亲。母亲娘家姓鲁滨逊，是当地的的名门望族，我也因此取名叫鲁滨逊·克鲁茨内，但是由于英国人发音走样，我们现在就被叫做——我们现在也是这样称呼自己，这样写自己的名字——“克鲁索”，所以我的朋友们也总是这样叫我。

我有两个哥哥，大哥是驻佛兰德的英国步兵团中校。著名的洛克哈特上校以前带领过这支部队。我大哥在敦刻尔克附近与西班牙人作战时牺牲了。至于我二哥的下落，我一无所知，就像我父母对我后来的境况也全然不知一样。

我是家里的老小，父母亲并没让我学谋生的手艺，所以我很早就开始胡思乱想。我的父亲年事已高，他给了我相当好的教育。他让去寄宿学校读书并去乡村免费学校接受义务教育，想让我从事法律，但是我对什么都不感兴趣，除了航海。我的这一想法让我强烈地违背父命，对母亲恳求和朋友的劝说也置若罔闻。就好像我天性中有个致命的东西把我直接带到了即将发生在我身上的不幸的生活。

我的父亲是一个聪明且严肃的人。他预见了我的规划会给我带来不幸，就对我进行严肃但有益的忠告。一天早晨，他把我叫进他的房间，当时他因为痛风而不能出去，他非常亲切地就我的规划进行了一番规劝。他问我，除了我想周游四海的乐趣外，到底是什么原因让我要离乡背井，我本来在这里是可以经过引荐而安身立命，也可以通过勤奋来发家致富，安度一生的。

他告诉我，要么是穷得身无分文的人要么是渴望暴富的人才会出海冒险。他们想要通过做些非凡的事情而扬名立万。而这些事对我来说既不值得也不必要。而我就处于中间状态，或者就是所谓的低级生活的高级境遇。从他多年来的经验来看，他发现这就是世界上最好的阶层，是最能使人幸福的阶层。他们既不会像下层劳动人民那样历经艰辛痛苦，饱受折磨，也不会像上层阶级那样高傲自满、纸醉金迷、野心勃勃、妒贤嫉能。他告诉我说，我可以从下面的事情中意识到这种中间状态带来的幸福——这是所有其他阶层人羡慕的生活地位，多少帝王将相都频频慨叹自己高贵出身给他们带来的不幸后果，他们多希望自己也处于贫贱与富贵这两种极端的中间层呀！当智者在祈祷的时候也希望既不富贵也不贫穷，这也证明，中间阶层的人获得的是真正的幸福。

他提醒我仔细观察，我就会发现上层阶级和下层阶级都会经历很多灾难，只有中间阶层经历的灾难最少，而且他们也不会像上层阶级和下层阶级那样经历很多的风云变幻。他们既不会像那些过着穷奢极欲、挥霍无度的人那样弄得身心俱疲的富人，也不会像那些整天劳心伤神、缺吃少穿而整得筋疲力尽的穷人。只有中间阶层的人才可以尽用其优，尽享其乐，那种安宁富足只有中产阶级才能唾手可得。自我克制、适可而止、安静祥和、健康快乐、社交娱乐，所有这一切一切令人愉快的消遣和一切称心如意的欢乐，都是中产阶级的福气。他们可以从容淡定、平稳顺利地活着，也可怡然自得地过完一生，他们不会因为体力或者脑力劳动而身心疲惫，也不会因为每日生计而疲于奔命，也不会被复杂的境地所烦心扰神，更不会因妒火中烧或者利欲熏心而暴躁不安。他们会怡然自得，平静祥和地度过一生，尽情地享受着人生的甘甜，没有任何艰难困苦；他们会深感幸福，通过每天的感受愈来愈深地了解生活。

紧接着，他真挚诚恳、充满挚爱地劝我不要耍小孩子脾气，不要莽撞草率地将自己置于困苦境地，因为无论是人之常情还是我出生的家境都不会让我吃苦。我也根本不需要来自食其力，他会为我安排好一切，竭尽所能地让我过上上面他跟我提到的那种中产阶级的生活。如果我不能在世上过得安逸快乐，那么这就一定是我自己的命运或者过错所致，而他也尽到了自己所谓父亲的职责。他因为知道我的出海规划会给我带来苦难所以就履行了自己身为父亲的职责而来警告我。总而言之，如果我能够按照他的指导留在家里安分守己，他会为做我一切所能之事，这样他也不会因为怂恿我出游给我自己带来的任何不幸负责了。谈话快结束的时候，他让我应该以大哥为前车之鉴。他也曾经同样真挚地规劝他不要去弗兰德打仗，但是他就是不听，他年少轻狂执意要去参军，结果怎么样，不是战死在沙场之上。他还说他当然不会停止为我祈祷，但是如果我还是执迷不悟来走这愚蠢的一步，那么，他敢说，上帝也不会保佑我。如果我求助无果的时候，我一定会因为没有听从他的劝告而悔恨不已。

我后来才发现，我父亲最后这几句话，成了真正的语言；当然我相信我父亲当时也并不知道自己的预言会如此准确——我的意思是，我发现当时父亲脸上已是老泪纵横，尤其是在他谈及大哥战死沙场的时候，当讲到我会悔不当初而叩门求援他却无能为力的时候，他更是悲痛欲绝，不得不中断了谈话。最后，他跟我说他实在是心力交瘁，说不下去话了。

我被这番话深深地触动了，说实在的，谁会不这样呢？我决定不再考虑出海的事，而是按照父亲的意愿在家里安顿下来。但是，唉！只过了几天，我就把自己的决心抛到九霄云外去了；简而言之，为了不让父亲再纠缠我，在之后的几个星期里，我决定离他远远的，躲着他。然而，我并没有急于行事，不像原来那样头脑发热莽撞行事，而是找了一个我母亲看起来心情较好的时机跟她说，我一心想要去外面见见世面，无心做其他任何事情，我父亲最好同意，要不然会逼得我不顾一切出走。我对她说，我已经十八岁了，这个年龄无论是做学徒学手艺还是做律师助手都太大了。我还说，我坚信就算我去当了学徒或助手，我都不会学满而归，一定会在学业未满之时就逃离师傅而出去航海了。如果她能够说服父亲让我出海航行，如果我航海归来，发现自己不喜欢航海，我也就死心了，不会再执意出行，并且我许诺，我会加倍努力来弥补我所失去的时间。

我母亲一听这话就暴跳如雷。她跟我说，她知道跟我父亲说这样的事情毫无意义，因为他很清楚地知道他一旦同意了我的这一决定，会给我带来多大的伤害。她特别搞不懂的是为什么父亲对我循循善诱、谆谆教导之后我还要执意出行。她说，简而言之，如果我非要自寻死路，那么他们也无能为力。她要我知道，无论如何他们都不会同意我出海航行这一要求，这样她也无需为我自己的自寻死路负责任，我也不至于到时候说当时我父亲不同意，而母亲同意了。

虽然我母亲拒绝了我的请求，不会将我的话转达给父亲，但是，后来我听说她还是把我们的谈话一字不落地讲给了父亲。父亲听了深为关切，叹了口气，对母亲说，“这孩子如果呆在家里也许会很幸福，但是如果他到海外，他很可能成为世界上最为不幸的那一个，所以我是绝对不会同意他出去的。”

事后不到一年左右，我终于出走了。在此期间，虽然家里人建议我干点正事，但是我对此固执己见、充耳不闻，反而频频与父亲母亲纠缠，让他们不要坚定地反对自己孩子的心愿。有一天，我碰巧到了赫尔市，当时，我还没有出走的想法，但是在那里我碰到了一个好朋友，他要搭乘父亲的船去伦敦，并鼓励我和他们一起去，并且用水手们经常使用的诱人出海的方法，即此次航行免付船费。当时，我既不找父亲也不找母亲商量，也不给他们捎信儿，我想他们迟早会听说的，于是，我既不向上帝祈祷也不向父亲索要祝福，甚至连当时的情况和后果想都没想，在一六五一年九月一日，我就登上了前往伦敦的轮船出发了。谁曾想，后果就在一个小时之内就应验了。我相信，没有一个外出冒险的年轻人会像我一样一出门就倒霉透顶。那艘船刚驶出亨伯河，海面上就狂风大作，海浪滔天，令人望而生畏。因为我以前从未出过海，我感到身体极不舒服，内心又害怕的要死。我开始为我所做的一切而感到后悔了。这是上天对我摒弃父母，摒弃天职而作的应有的惩罚，真是天地公道。父母亲所有善意的劝告，父亲的老泪，母亲的祈求，都一股脑地涌入心头，历历在目。我的良心终究是未泯，情不自禁开始自责：谴责自己对父母的意见置若罔闻，谴责自己背弃对上帝和父亲的职责。