一、儿童喂养状况
1.Infant feeding
母乳是婴儿最理想的食物，纯母乳喂养能满足婴儿6月龄以内所需要的全部液体。产后尽早开奶，坚持新生儿第一口食物是母乳，坚持6月龄内的婴儿纯母乳喂养。
Breast milk is the optimal food for infants, and exclusive breastfeeding will meet all the liquid requirement for the infants aged within 6 months. It is advocated that initiating postpartum breastfeeding as soon as possible, and regarding breast milk not only as the first bite of food for newborn babies, but also the only food source until 6 months.
（一）早开奶（Early initiation of breastfeeding）
产后1小时开奶率（%）：过去24个月出生的儿童，在生后1小时内被抱到乳房的比例，见图1-1-1。
2013年中国24月龄以下儿童的早开奶率为26.4%，农村高于城市，分别为27.7%和24.8%。
Early initiation of breastfeeding (%): rate of infants who were put to the breast in one hour after parturition among infants that were born in the last 24 months (Figure 1-1-1).
图1-1-1 2013年中国24月龄以下儿童的早开奶率
Figure 1-1-1 Rate of early initiation of breastfeeding by area among Chinese children under 24 months in 2013
In 2013,the early initiation of breastfeeding rate of Chinese infants under 24 months is 26.4%，and that of rural is higher than that of urban areas, 27.7% and 24.8%, respectively.
（二）母乳喂养（Breastfeeding）
1.6个月内纯母乳喂养率（Exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life）
纯母乳喂养是指只给婴儿提供母乳，不再提供水（不含能量）、其他液体或者固体食品，但除外口服补盐液、维生素、矿物质或者药物的滴剂/糖浆。
6个月内纯母乳喂养（%）：过去一天内，给0～5月龄婴儿完全喂母乳的比例。
2013年中国6个月内儿童纯母乳喂养率为20.8%，农村高于城市，分别为22.3%和19.6%；6个月内儿童纯母乳喂养率随着家庭经济收入水平升高而下降（表1-1-1）。
Exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant only receives breast milk without any additional water (free from energy), other liquid or solid food, except for oral rehydration salts and drops/syrups containing vitamins, minerals or drugs.
Exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life (%): proportion of infants aged within 6 months who are fed exclusively with breast milk in the previous day.
In 2013,the exclusive breastfeeding rate of Chinese children in the first 6 months of life is 20.8%, and that of rural is higher than that of urban areas, 22.3% and 19.6%, respectively. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of Chinese children in the first 6 months of life decrease with the increase of household income level (Table 1-1-1).
表1-1-1 2013年中国城乡不同收入水平6个月内纯母乳喂养率/%
Table 1-1-1 Rate of exclusive breastfeeding by area and household income among Chinese children in the first 6 months of life in 2013/%
注：收入水平根据家庭人均年收入水平进行划分，高收入水平指家庭人均年收入≥25 000元，中收入水平指家庭人均年收入为10 000～24 999元，低收入水平指家庭人均年收入为0～9 999元。
Note: The housed income is categorized according to the per capital annual income of the family. High housed level refers to that the per capital annual incomie of the family is ¥25 000 and over, medium refers to ¥10 000-24 999, and low refers to ¥0-9 999.
2.6个月内基本母乳喂养率（Almost exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life）
6个月内基本纯母乳喂养指婴儿只哺喂母乳和水（不含能量），不再提供其他液体或者固体食品，但除外口服补盐液、维生素、矿物质或者药物的滴剂/糖浆。
6个月内基本母乳喂养（%）：过去一天内，给0～5月龄婴儿实施基本纯母乳喂养的比例。
2013年中国6个月内基本母乳喂养率为48.3%，农村高于城市，分别为54.1%和43.0%；普通农村最高，为56.0%，大城市最低，为42.5%（表1-1-2）。
Almost exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant only receives breast milk and water (free from energy), without any other liquid or solid food, but except for oral rehydration salts and drops/syrups containing vitamins, minerals or drugs.
Almost exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life (%): proportion of infants within 6 months who are almost exclusively breastfed in the previous day.
In 2013, the almost exclusive breastfeeding rate of Chinese children in the first 6 months of life is 48.3%, and that of rural is higher than that of urban areas, 54.1% and 43.0%, respectively. The highest rate of the almost exclusive breastfeeding of Chinese children in the first 6 months of life is 56.0% in the common rural, and that of the lowest rate is 42.5% in the large cities (Table 1-1-2).
表1-1-2 2013年中国6个月内基本母乳喂养率/%
Table 1-1-2 Rate of almost exclusive breastfeeding by area among Chinese children in the first 6 months of life in 2013/%
