第1章 名词之自我介绍
名词-导入
大家好，我叫秦秀玲青。你们可以叫我秦老师、秀老师、玲老师、青老师、秦秀玲青老师。我是一个善良的老师，记得有一次一位老奶奶不愿过马路，我硬把她架过去了。我很爱吃鱼，我吃了公的，觉得母的会很生气。吃了母的，觉得公的会很伤心。所以我一般不吃鱼，一吃就吃两条。我爱旗袍、爱玫瑰、爱运动、爱泡脚。
大家好，我叫杨飞。我来自中国。我爱读书，号称“淑女”。我爱睡觉，人称“睡神”。我爱蔬菜，小名菜菜。不过，我最最爱的是学习，学习让我放飞自我。
名词-含义
用来表示人（秦秀玲青、杨飞、姐姐）、事物（玫瑰、蔬菜）、地点（中国）和抽象概念（幸福、信息）的名称。
名词-分类
名词-考点
考点1 名词-名词的数
1 可数名词“单数变复数”规则
（1）规则变化
（续）
（2）不规则变化
（3）单数变复数后意思发生变化的名词
wood（木头）→woods（树林）
youth（青春）→youths（年轻人）
work（工作）→works（著作）
paper（纸）→papers（论文）
考点2 名词-不可数名词
1 不可数名词的识别
2 不可数名词的量化：数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词
two bottles of water 两瓶水
two pieces of paper 两张纸
three pieces of bread 三片面包
考点3 名词-名词所有格
1 定义
表示名词之间的所有关系，即“……的”。
2 名词所有格的构成方法
注：以s结尾的单数名词加“s”或“'”，如the boss's/boss' office(老板的办公室)。
3 补充考点
考点4 名词-常用名词辨析
1 family，home和house
family指一家人、家庭或全体家庭成员
home指人们长期居住或组建家庭的地方，带有感情色彩
house指家人居住的地方
family
home
house
2 cloth，clothes和clothing
cloth指布料、布，通常用作不可数名词。a piece of cloth指“一块布料”；如果表示特殊的用途，也可以用作可数名词，如：a table cloth一块桌布
clothes指各种具体的衣服，没有单数形式
clothing指衣服的总称，含义比较抽象
=Wipe the surface with a small cloth. 用一块小抹布擦拭表面。
=I bought some new clothes for the trip. 我为这次旅行买了一些新衣服。
=The cost of food and clothing is very high in this city.
这座城市的衣食费用很高。
3 problem和question
problem指需要解决的疑难问题、社会问题，也指数学学科上的难题等。一般与deal with/do with连用
question指需要得到回答或解释的问题。一般与answer, ask连用
=Let me know if you have any problems. 你若有困难就告诉我。
=Don't ask me any questions about this. 不要问我任何关于这件事的问题。
4 sport，game，match和race
sport通常指“户外运动”，以锻炼为主，概念较大
game意为“运动、比赛”，包括室内和户外的脑力或体力运动（比赛），通常指以分出胜负为主的运动（比赛）
match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛
race通常表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”
=People all around the world enjoy sports. 全世界的人都喜爱运动。
=The 2008 Olympic Games was held in Beijing. 2008年奥运会在北京举行。
=Our school football team won the league match.
我们学校足球队赢得了联赛冠军。
=They were strong and won the boat race. 他们很强,赢得了划艇比赛。
5 festival，holiday和vacation
festival意为“节日”，指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动
holiday意为“假日、休息日”，指法定假日或因风俗习惯而形成的节假日，复数形式可以表示一个较长的假期
vacation意为“假期”，指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息
=The Beijing Television Festival will be held next month.
北京电视节将在下个月举行。
=Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.
星期天是休息日，多数人不工作。
=What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?
在暑期里你打算做什么?
6 journey，tour，trip和travel
journey指在陆地上(海上、空中)进行的长途旅行，不知终点，含有“辛苦”的意味
tour指途中短期停留的巡回旅行，强调游览多处，常用来指观光等
trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行，如出差、度假等
travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行，尤指到国外的旅行，没有明确目的地；也可以用作不可数名词，指旅行这一行为
=He made up his mind to make the journey to Shanghai. 他决定去上海旅行。
=He has gone on a walking tour. 他步行观光去了。
=He took several trips to Shanghai last year. 去年，他去了上海好几次。
=Did you go to Santiago during your travels? 旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?
=Travelling through thick forests is dangerous. 在密林里穿行是很危险的。
7 sound，noise和voice
sound指各种声音
noise主要指“噪音”
voice指人的“嗓音”
=The noise of the street kept me awake during the night.
街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠。
=All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.
突然间传来了几声枪响和一声尖叫。
=Miss Qin has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.
因为重感冒，秦老师失去了她银铃般的嗓音。
大招汇总
1 man,woman修饰名词
man，woman做定语修饰名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数形式，如man teacher → men teachers，woman doctor → women doctors。
2 以o结尾的名词变复数时加es
以o结尾要加es的常见名词如下：hero, Negro, tomato, potato, mango，可记为“黑人英雄爱吃两菜一果”。
3 以f或fe结尾的名词变复数
以f或fe结尾变f或fe为ves的常见名词如下：wife, knife, wolf, thief, shelf, self, half, leaf。可记为“ 妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷吓得着了慌，躲进架子保己命，半片树叶遮目光”。
4 不规则复数形式记忆口诀
男女警察英法人，都将man变men。
脚、牙oo变ee，child加上ren。
鹿和绵羊是一家，单变复时无变化。
5 “某国人”的复数形式
中日不变英法变，其余s加后面
名词-小结
真题演练
新东方名师语音讲解
1. I can see a set of_______in the lost and found office.
A. keys
B. key
C. the keys
D. the key
2. Does he have two_______？
A. baseball bats
B. baseball bat
C. baseballs bat
D. baseballs bats
3. There are three_______and seven_______in the picture.
A. deers; sheeps
B. deers; sheep
C. deer; sheep
D. deer; sheeps
4. I need a_______. I want to write something.
A. bag
B. pen
C. ruler
D. eraser
5. — What nationality are you?
—_______.
A. Operator
B. Engineer
C. Teacher
D. France
6. — What's your favorite_______？
— Swimming.
A. food
B. music
C. sport
D. lesson
7. I'd like some_______. I am thirsty.
A. water
B. sugar
C. vegetables
D. cakes
8. How many_______have you got？
A. bottle of water
B. bottle of waters
C. bottles of waters
D. bottles of water
9. How many_______are there on the table？
A. orange
B. bottles of orange
C. bottle of orange
D. bottle of oranges
10. — How many_______can you see on the kitchen desk？
— Only one.
A. pieces of bread
B. bottle of milk
C. fish
D. apple
11. — This is a photo of_______when they were young.
— OK, how happy they both looked!
A. my father and mother
B. my mother and father's
C. my mother's and father's
D. my father's and my mother
12. Today is September 10th. It's_______Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teachers
B. Teachers'
C. the Teachers'
D. Teacher's
13. — What would you like to drink，girls？
—_______，please.
A. Two cup of coffee
B. Two cups of coffee
C. Two cup of coffees
D. Two cups of coffees
14. Some_______are flying kites near the river.
A. child
B. boy
C. boys
D. childs
15. They are those_______bags. Please put them on the bus.
A. visitor
B. visitors
C. visitor's
D. visitors'
16. — What do you think of the_______the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven？
— It sounds really wonderful.
A. subject
B. music
C. book
D. animal
17. I stayed at_______last Sunday.
A. my uncles
B. my uncles'
C. my uncle's
D. my uncle's family
18. If you don't take more_______，you'll get fat.
A. medicine
B. lessons
C. photos
D. exercise
19. My school is about twenty_______walk from here.
A. minute
B. minutes'
C. minutes's
D. minutes
20. Mum, I have_______to tell you！
A. a good news
B. some good news
C. some good newes
D. much good news
21. — I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you?
— OK. Let's go and buy some_______.
A. coke
B. cakes
C. apples
D. pears
22. Here are some_______. Do you like_______？
A. oranges; them
B. orange; it
C. oranges; they
D. oranges; their
23. — Would you like some_______for dinner？
— OK.
A. tomatos
B. tomato
C. tomatoes
D. tomato's
24 . I paid ¥ 10 for_______this morning.
A. 4 bottle milks
B. 4 bottles of milk
C. 4 bottles of milks
D. 4 milk
25. — I'm told your class has three new comers.
— Yes. One is a_______；the other two are_______.
A. Japan; Germany
B. Japanese; German
C. Japanese; Germans
D. Japanese; Germen
26. Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as_______.
A. tomatoes and potatoes
B. tomatos and potatos
C. tomatos and potatoes
27. — Can I help you, Madam?
— I want_______.
A. two boxes of apple
B. two glass of water
C. two bowls of porridge
28. Do you know how many_______you have？
A. tooths
B. toothes
C. teeth
D. tooth
29. What's your_______to English learning？
A. place
B. age
C. time
D. secret
30. I live near the station. It's only about five_______walk.
A. minute's
B. minute
C. minutes'
D. minutes
31. —_______is coming. What can I get for my mother？
— What about a scarf?
A. Women's Day
B. Woman's Day
C. Womens' Day
32. Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of_______favorite toys.
A. child
B. children
C. children's
33. — Whose room is this? Is it the_______？
— Yes, it is_______.
A. twins'; Tom and Tim's
B. twin's; Tom's and Tim's
C. twins'; Tom and Tim
34. — Mum, I have a bad headache. I feel terrible.
— Oh, dear! You must get a cold. You'd better see_______after breakfast.
A. a violinist
B. a doctor
C. a policeman
D.an engineer
35. Dave really likes driving. I think being a_______is just right for him.
A. doctor
B. teacher
C. farmer
D. driver
36. We have a_______holiday every National Day.
A. 3 days
B. 3-days
C. 3-day
D. 3 day's
37. — I think dragons are the_______of China. Do you think so？
— I agree with you.
A. symbol
B. situation
C. promise
D. shape
38. — How can I get some_______about the Olympic Games？
— Why not search the Internet?
A. information
B. experience
C. practice
D. success
39. The tall man with a big nose is_______teacher.
A. Tom and Carl
B. Tom's and Carl's
C. Tom and Carl's
D. Tom's and Carl
40. — What animal do you like best?
— I like_______best.
A. tigers
B. apples
C. vegetables
D. trees
参考答案
1-5 AACBD
6-10 CADBA
11-15 ABBCD
16-20 BCDBB
21-25 AACBC
26-30 ACCDC
31-35 ACABD
36-40 CAACA