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Nmap
Nmap has been around for many years; it is one of the most used network mapper tools and it's free. Additionally, it comes in a command-line and graphical version. The graphical version is known as Zenmap. The main features of Nmap are as follows:
- Host discovery: This is useful for detecting hosts within the network
- OS detection: This can be used to determine the operating system of the target device
- Application version detection: This provides an insight into the application version and the name of the target device
- Port scanning: This allows you to enumerate what ports are exposed to the host
- Scripting: This leverages the Nmap scripting engine (NSE), which allows you to write custom scripts that provide speed and efficiency when using Nmap
There are a number of cheat sheets available on the internet for Nmap. An example can be found at https://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/2013/10/08/nmap-cheat-sheet-1-0/.
In Chapter 3, Performing Information Gathering, we will work with Nmap in greater depth and use some of its features, such as the NSE.