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Microsoft Active Directory
I'm not exactly a huge fan of either Windows or Microsoft. But when it comes to Active Directory, I'll have to give credit where it's due. It's a pretty slick product that vastly simplifies the management of very large enterprise networks. And yes, it is possible to add Unix/Linux computers and their users to an Active Directory domain.
I've been keeping a dark secret, and I hope that you won't hate me for it. Before I got into Linux, I obtained my MCSE certification for Windows Server 2003. Mostly, my clients work with nothing but Linux computers, but I occasionally do need to use my MCSE skills. Several years ago, a former client needed me to set up a Linux-based Nagios server as part of a Windows Server 2008 domain, so that its users would be authenticated by Active Directory. It took me a while to get it figured out, but I finally did, and my client was happy.
Unless you wear many hats, as I sometimes have to do, you—as a Linux administrator—probably won't need to learn how to use Active Directory. Most likely, you'll just tell the Windows Server administrators what you need, and let them take care of it.
I know, you've been chomping at the bit to see what we can do with a Linux server. So, here goes.