上QQ阅读APP看书,第一时间看更新
参考文献
1.MichelsonAD. Antiplatelet therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2010, 9(2): 154-169.
2.Hall R, Mazer CD. Antiplatelet drugs: a review of their pharmacology and management in the perioperative period. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2011, 112(2): 292-318.
3.Patrono C, Garcia Rodriguez LA, Landolfi R, et al. Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med, 2005, 353(22): 2373-2383.
4.Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ, 2002, 324(7329): 71-86.
5.Loll PJ, Picot D, Garavito RM. The structural basis of aspirin activity inferred from the crystal structure of inactivated prostaglandin H2 synthase. Nat Struct Biol, 1995, 2(8): 637-643.
6.Pedersen AK, FitzGerald GA. Dose-related kinetics of aspirin. Presystemic acetylation of platelet cyclooxygenase. New England Journal of Medicine, 1984, 311(19): 1206-1211.
7.Lenz TL, Wilson AF. Clinical pharmacokinetics of antiplatelet agents used in the secondary prevention of stroke. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2003, 42(10): 909-920.
8.Benedek IH, Joshi AS, Pieniaszek HJ, et al. Variability in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of low dose aspirin in healthy male volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol, 1995, 35 (12): 1181-1186.
9.Eikelboom JW, Hirsh J, Spencer FA, et al. Antiplatelet drugs: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e89S-119S.
10.Hovens MM, Snoep JD, Eikenboom JC, et al. Prevalence of persistent platelet reactivity despite use of aspirin: a systematic review. American Heart Journal, 2007, 153(2): 175-181.
11.Savi P, Herbert JM. Clopidogrel and ticlopidine: P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate-receptor antagonists for the prevention of atherothrombosis. Semin ThrombHemost, 2005, 31(2): 174-183.
12.Desager JP. Clinical pharmacokinetics of ticlopidine. Clin Pharmacokinet, 1994, 26(5): 347-355.
13.Shah J, Teitelbaum P, Molony B, et al. Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of ticlopidine in young and elderly subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1991, 32(6): 761-764.
14.Bonello L, Tantry US, Marcucci R, et al. Consensus and future directions on the definition of high on-treatment platelet reactivity to adenosine diphosphate. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2010, 56(12): 919-933.
15.Hurbin F, Boulenc X, Daskalakis N, et al. Clopidogrel pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in the fed and fasted state: a randomized crossover study of healthy men. J Clin Pharmacol, 2012, 52(10): 1506-1515.
16.McEwen J, Strauch G, Perles P, et al. Clopidogrel bioavailability: absence of influence of food or antacids. Semin ThrombHemost, 1999, 25 Suppl 2: 47-50.
17.Oh EY, Abraham T, Saad N, et al. A comprehensive comparative review of adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2012, 13(2): 175-191.
18.Kalantzi KI, Tsoumani ME, Goudevenos IA, et al. Pharmacodynamic properties of antiplatelet agents: current knowledge and future perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2012, 5(3): 319-336.
19.Brandt JT, Payne CD, Wiviott SD, et al. A comparison of prasugrel and clopidogrel loading doses on platelet function: magnitude of platelet inhibition is related to active metabolite formation. American Heart Journal, 2007, 153(1): 66 e69-16.
20.Jernberg T, Payne CD, Winters KJ, et al. Prasugrel achieves greater inhibition of platelet aggregation and a lower rate of non-responders compared with clopidogrel in aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease. European Heart Journal, 2006, 27(10): 1166-1173.
21.Algaier I, Jakubowski JA, Asai F, et al. Interaction of the active metabolite of prasugrel, R-138727, with cysteine 97 and cysteine 175 of the human P2Y12 receptor. J ThrombHaemost, 2008, 6(11): 1908-1914.
22.Schror K, Siller-Matula JM, Huber K. Pharmacokinetic basis of the antiplatelet action of prasugrel. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 2012, 26(1): 39-46.
23.Floyd CN, Passacquale G, Ferro A. Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of platelet adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists and their clinical implications. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2012, 51(7): 429-442.
24.FaridNA, Kurihara A, Wrighton SA. Metabolism and disposition of the thienopyridineantiplatelet drugs ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel in humans. J Clin Pharmacol, 2010, 50(2): 126-142.
25.Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K, et al. Randomized double-blind assessment of the ONSET and OFFSET of the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease: the ONSET/OFFSET study. Circulation, 2009, 120(25): 2577-2585.
26.Cannon CP, Husted S, Harrington RA, et al. Safety, tolerability, and initial efficacy of AZD6140, the first reversible oral adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist, compared with clopidogrel, in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: primary results of the DISPERSE-2 trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2007, 50 (19): 1844-1851.
27.Husted S. Evaluating the risk-benefit profile of the direct-acting P2Y(12)inhibitor ticagrelor in acute coronary syndromes. Postgraduate Medicine, 2011, 123(6): 79-90.
28.Biondi-Zoccai G, Lotrionte M, Agostoni P, et al. Adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis of prasugrel versus ticagrelor for patients with acute coronary syndromes. International Journal of Cardiology, 2011, 150(3): 325-331.
29.Steiner S, Moertl D, Chen L, et al. Network meta-analysis of prasugrel, ticagrelor, high- and standard-dose clopidogrel in patients scheduled for percutaneous coronary interventions. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2012, 108(2): 318-327.
30.Teng R. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenetic profile of the oral antiplatelet agent ticagrelor. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2012, 51(5): 305-318.
31.韩雅玲.中国经皮冠状动脉介入治疗指南2012(简本).中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2012(03): 169-180.
32.Tricoci P, Newby LK, Hasselblad V, et al. Upstream use of small-molecule glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitors in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: a systematic overview of randomized clinical trials. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2011, 4 (4): 448-458.
33.Nguyen CM, Harrington RA. Glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor antagonists: a comparative review of their use in percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, 2003, 3(6): 423-436.
34.Mukherjee D, Roffi M. Glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor inhibitors in 2008: do they still have a role?J IntervCardiol, 2008, 21(2): 118-121.
35.Tcheng JE, Ellis SG, George BS, et al. Pharmacodynamics of chimeric glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa integrin antiplatelet antibody Fab 7E3 in high-risk coronary angioplasty. Circulation, 1994, 90 (4): 1757-1764.
36.Fauler J. Clinical pharmacology of antithrombotic drugs in coronary artery disease. Ther Adv CardiovascDis, 2009, 3(6): 465-478.
37.Kleiman NS, Raizner AE, Jordan R, et al. Differential inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate or a thrombin receptor-activating peptide in patients treated with bolus chimeric 7E3 Fab: implications for inhibition of the internal pool of GPⅡb/Ⅲa receptors. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1995, 26(7): 1665-1671.
38.Abernethy DR, Pezzullo J, Mascelli MA, et al. Pharmacodynamics of abciximab during angioplasty: comparison to healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2002, 71(3): 186-195.
39.Schneider DJ, Aggarwal A. Development of glycoproteinⅡb-Ⅲa antagonists: translation of pharmacodynamic effects into clinical benefit. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 2004, 2(6): 903-913.
40.Kleiman NS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors. American Heart Journal, 1999, 138(4 Pt 2): 263-275.
41.Gretler DD, Guerciolini R, Williams PJ. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of eptifibatide in subjects with normal or impaired renal function. Clin Ther, 2004, 26(3): 390-398.
42.Alton KB, Kosoglou T, Baker S, et al. Disposition of 14C-eptifibatide after intravenous administration to healthy men. Clin Ther, 1998, 20(2): 307-323.
43.Peerlinck K, De Lepeleire I, Goldberg M, et al. MK-383( L-700, 462), a selective nonpeptide platelet glycoproteinⅡb/Ⅲa antagonist, is active in man. Circulation, 1993, 88(4): 1512-1517.
44.Kondo K, Umemura K. Clinical pharmacokinetics of tirofiban, a nonpeptide glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor antagonist: comparison with the monoclonal antibody abciximab. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2002, 41(3): 187-195.
45.Barrett JS, Murphy G, Peerlinck K, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of MK-383, a selective non-peptide platelet glycoprotein-Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor antagonist, in healthy men. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1994, 56(4): 377-388.
46.Gresele P, Momi S, Falcinelli E. Anti-platelet therapy: phosphodiesterase inhibitors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2011, 72(4): 634-646.
47.Dresse A, Chevolet C, Delapierre D, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oral dipyridamole( Persantine®)and its effect on platelet adenosine uptake in man. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1982, 23(3): 229-234.
48.Gregov D, Jenkins A, Duncan E, et al. Dipyridamole: pharmacokinetics and effects on aspects of platelet function in man. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1987, 24(4): 425-434.
49.Bjornsson TD, Mahony C. Clinical pharmacokinetics of dipyridamole. Thrombosis research, 1983, 29: 93-104.
50.Schror K. The pharmacology of cilostazol. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2002, 4 Suppl 2: S14-19.
51.Woo SK, Kang WK, Kwon KI. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of the antiplatelet and cardiovascular effects of cilostazol in healthy humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2002, 71(4): 246-252.
52.Akiyama H, Kudo S, Shimizu T. The metabolism of a new antithrombotic and vasodilating agent, cilostazol, in rat, dog and man. Arzneimittelforschung, 1985, 35(7A): 1133-1140.
53.Bramer SL, Forbes WP, Mallikaarjun S. Cilostazol pharmacokinetics after single and multiple oral doses in healthy males and patients with intermittent claudication resulting from peripheral arterial disease. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 1999, 37 Suppl 2: 1-11.
54.Suri A, Forbes WP, Bramer SL. Pharmacokinetics of multiple-dose oral cilostazol in middleage and elderly men and women. J Clin Pharmacol, 1998, 38(2): 144-150.
55.Yoo HD, Cho HY, Lee YB. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of cilostazol in healthy subjects with genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5, CYP2C19 and ABCB1.Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2010, 69(1): 27-37.
56.Ageno W, Gallus AS, Wittkowsky A, et al. Oral anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e44S-88S.
57.Garcia DA, Baglin TP, Weitz JI, et al. Parenteral anticoagulants: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e24S-43S.
58.Gonsalves WI, Pruthi RK, Patnaik MM. The new oral anticoagulants in clinical practice. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2013, 88(5): 495-511.
59.Harder S, Graff J. Novel oral anticoagulants: clinical pharmacology, indications and practical considerations. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2013, 26: 26.
60.Makaryus JN, Halperin JL, Lau JF. Oral anticoagulants in the management of venous thromboembolism. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2013, 21(10): 73.
61.Alquwaizani M, Buckley L, Adams C, et al. Anticoagulants: A Review of the Pharmacology, Dosing, and Complications. Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep, 2013, 1(2): 83-97.
62.Salzman EW, Rosenberg RD, Smith MH, et al. Effect of heparin and heparin fractions on platelet aggregation. J Clin Invest, 1980, 65(1): 64-73.
63.Estes JW. Clinical pharmacokinetics of heparin. Clin Pharmacokinet, 1980, 5(3): 204-220.
64.Boneu B, Caranobe C, Sie P. Pharmacokinetics of heparin and low molecular weight heparin. Baillieres Clin Haematol, 1990, 3(3): 531-544.
65.Dawes J. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin( Clexane)and unfractionated heparin. Acta Chir Scand Suppl, 1990, 556: 68-74.
66.Samama MM, Gerotziafas GT. Comparative pharmacokinetics of LMWHs. Semin ThrombHemost, 2000, 26 Suppl 1: 31-38.
67.Turpie AG, Bauer KA, Eriksson BI, et al. Fondaparinux vs enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in major orthopedic surgery: a meta-analysis of 4 randomized doubleblind studies.Archives of Internal Medicine, 2002, 162(16): 1833-1840.
68.Nadar SK, Goyal D, Shantsila E, et al.Fondaparinux: an overview.Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 2009, 7(6): 577-585.
69.Donat F, Duret JP, Santoni A, et al.The pharmacokinetics of fondaparinux sodium in healthy volunteers.Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2002, 41 Suppl 2: 1-9.
70.Scaglione F.New oral anticoagulants: comparative pharmacology with vitamin K antagonists. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2013, 52(2): 69-82.
71.Eriksson BI, Quinlan DJ, Weitz JI.Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral direct thrombin and factor xa inhibitors in development.Clin Pharmacokinet, 2009, 48(1): 1-22.
72.Kubitza D, Becka M, Zuehlsdorf M, et al.Effect of food, an antacid, and the H2 antagonist ranitidine on the absorption of BAY 59-7939( rivaroxaban), an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, in healthy subjects.J Clin Pharmacol, 2006, 46(5): 549-558.
73.Kubitza D, Becka M, Zuehlsdorf M, et al.Body weight has limited influence on the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, or pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban( BAY 59-7939)in healthy subjects.J Clin Pharmacol, 2007, 47(2): 218-226.
74.Lang D, Freudenberger C, Weinz C.In vitro metabolism of rivaroxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, in liver microsomes and hepatocytes of rats, dogs, and humans.Drug Metab Dispos, 2009, 37(5): 1046-1055.
75.Arsenault KA, Hirsh J, Whitlock RP, et al.Direct thrombin inhibitors in cardiovascular disease.Nat Rev Cardiol, 2012, 9(7): 402-414.
76.Bichler J, Siebeck M, Fichtl B, et al.Pharmacokinetics, effect on clotting tests and assessment of the immunogenic potential of hirudin after a single subcutaneous or intravenous bolus administration in man.Haemostasis, 1991, 21 Suppl 1: 137-141.
77.Wallis RB.Hirudins: from leeches to man.Semin ThrombHemost, 1996, 22(2): 185-196.
78.Robson R, White H, Aylward P, et al.Bivalirudin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: effect of renal function, dose, and gender.Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2002, 71(6): 433-439.
79.Akimoto K, Klinkhardt U, Zeiher A, et al.Anticoagulation with argatroban for elective percutaneous coronary intervention: population pharmacokinetics and pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic relationship of coagulation parameters.J Clin Pharmacol, 2011, 51(6): 805-818.
80.Stangier J, Rathgen K, Stahle H, et al.Influence of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral dabigatranetexilate: an open-label, parallel-group, singlecentre study.Clin Pharmacokinet, 2010, 49(4): 259-268.
81.Rost S, Fregin A, Koch D, et al.Compound heterozygous mutations in the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase gene cause combined deficiency of all vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors. Br J Haematol, 2004, 126(4): 546-549.
82.Cain D, Hutson SM, Wallin R. Assembly of the warfarin-sensitive vitamin K 2, 3-epoxide reductase enzyme complex in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. J Biol Chem, 1997, 272 (46): 29068-29075.
83.Lu Y, Yang J, Zhang H. Prediction of warfarin maintenance dose in han chinese patients using a mechanistic model based on genetic and non-genetic factors. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2013, 52(7): 567-581.
84.Ufer M. Comparative pharmacokinetics of vitamin K antagonists: warfarin, phenprocoumon and acenocoumarol. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2005, 44(12): 1227-1246.
85.Gulba D, Bode C, Runge M, et al. Thrombolytic agents—an updated overview. Fibrinolysis and Proteolysis, 1998, 12: 39-58.
86.Verstraete M. Third-generation thrombolytic drugs. The American journal of medicine, 2000, 109(1): 52-58.
87.Dhillon S. Alteplase: a review of its use in the management of acute ischaemic stroke. CNS Drugs, 2012, 26(10): 899-926.
88.Verstraete M, Collen D. Pharmacology of thrombolytic drugs. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1986, 8(6 Suppl B): 33B-40B.
89.Grierson DS, Bjornsson TD. Pharmacokinetics of streptokinase in patients based on amidolytic activator complex activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1987, 41(3): 304-313.
90.Gemmill JD, Hogg KJ, Burns JM, et al. A comparison of the pharmacokinetic properties of streptokinase and anistreplase in acute myocardial infarction. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1991, 31 (2): 143-147.
91.Fears R, Ferres H, Glasgow E, et al. Comparison of fibrinolytic and amidolytic methods for the measurement of streptokinase pharmacokinetics in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Fibrinolysis, 1989, 3(3): 175-181.
92.Tanswell P, Modi N, Combs D, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tenecteplase in fibrinolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2002, 41(15): 1229-1245.
93.Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. New England Journal of Medicine, 2007, 357(20): 2001-2015.
94.Har Ko R, Young G. Pharmacokinetic-and pharmacodynamic-based antithrombotic dosing recommendations in children. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2012, 5(4): 389-396.
95.Monagle P, Chan AK, Goldenberg NA, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in neonates and children: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e737S-801S.
96.Capodanno D, Angiolillo DJ. Antithrombotic therapy in the elderly. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2010, 56(21): 1683-1692.
97.Capodanno D, Angiolillo DJ. Antithrombotic pharmacotherapy in the elderly: general issues and clinical conundrums. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med, 2012, 14(1): 57-68.
98.Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, et al. VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e691S-736S.
99.Jilma B,Kamath S,Lip GYH, et al.抗血栓治疗知识(九)特殊情况下的抗血栓治疗—妊娠与癌症。英国医学杂志(中文版),2004(06):363-366.
100.Marin F, Gonzalez-Conejero R, Capranzano P, et al. Pharmacogenetics in cardiovascular antithrombotic therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009, 54(12): 1041-1057.
101.Yang J, Zhao HD, Tan J, et al. CYP2C19 polymorphism and antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel in Chinese stroke patients. Pharmazie, 2013, 68(3): 183-186.
102.Liu Y, Liu N, Li W, et al. Relationship of CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 Gene Polymorphism with Clopidogrel Response Variability and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Chinese Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Pharmacology, 2013, 91(3-4): 165-172.
103.Tang XF, Wang J, Zhang JH, et al. Effect of the CYP2C19*2 and*3 genotypes, ABCB1 C3435T and PON1 Q192R alleles on the pharmacodynamics and adverse clinical events of clopidogrel in Chinese people after percutaneous coronary intervention. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2013, 69(5): 1103-1112.
104.Scott SA, Sangkuhl K, Stein CM, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guidelines for CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel therapy: 2013 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2013, 94(3): 317-323.
105.Miao L, Yang J, Huang C, et al. Contribution of age, body weight, and CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype to the anticoagulant response to warfarin: proposal for a new dosing regimen in Chinese patients. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2007, 63(12): 1135-1141.
106.Custodio das Dores SM, Booth SL, Martini LA, et al. Relationship between diet and anticoagulant response to warfarin: a factor analysis. European Journal of Nutrition, 2007, 46 (3): 147-154.
107.Schmitz T, Leitner VM, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Oral heparin delivery: Design and in vivo evaluation of a stomach-targeted mucoadhesive delivery system. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2005, 94(5): 966-973.
108.Beahm J, Shah M, Shen R, C hewable enteric coated aspirin tablets, 2004, Google Patents.
109.Thanou M, Verhoef J, Junginger H. Oral drug absorption enhancement by chitosan and its derivatives. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2001, 52(2): 117-126.
110.Jing N, Shimeng Z. Clinical study of Aspirin capsule Yi Xin Xue. Tianjin Pharmacy, 2002, 1: 025.
111.Muller TH, Su CA, Weisenberger H, et al. Dipyridamole alone or combined with lowdose acetylsalicylic acid inhibits platelet aggregation in human whole blood ex vivo. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1990, 30(2): 179-186.
112.Górski G, Szopiński P, Michalak J, et al. Liposomal heparin spray: a new formula in adjunctive treatment of superficial venous thrombosis. Angiology, 2005, 56(1): 9-17.
113.Weitz JI, Eikelboom JW, Samama MM. New antithrombotic drugs: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e120S-151S.
114.Akers WS, Oh JJ, Oestreich JH, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a bolus and infusion of cangrelor: a direct, parenteral P2Y12 receptor antagonist. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2010, 50(1): 27-35.
115.Ferreiro JL, Ueno M, Angiolillo DJ. Cangrelor: a review on its mechanism of action and clinical development. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2009, 7(10): 1195-1201.