Technology类各分数段范文深入讲解

科技类范文一 打折机票该不该买

【解题】

廉价飞行可以让更多的人有机会乘坐飞机，从提高效率和促进旅游业的发展来看应该是有利的，而且打折机票也并不见得就没有全价机票的座位舒服，很多时候其实不是你买得便宜而是别人买贵了。

反对廉价飞行值得一听的理由是坐飞机的人多了，有可能导致消耗更多的能源并产生更多的污染。但是FAA（美国联邦航空局）今年年初公布的研究结果显示：如果按照每位乘客行进每一公里的平均值来计算，那么汽车并非比飞机更节省燃料或者更环保（A car journey is not more fuel-efficient or environmentally-friendly than a flight in terms of the amount of fuel consumed or pollution produced per passenger per kilometer travelled.）。

所以，就连环保都无法构成反对买廉价机票的理由了。这名考生的用词造句能力并不算很出色，但是本文在论证扣题度与充实度方面做得不错，行文连贯性与衔接效果也较为自然，因此仍然能够达到7分的总体标准。

▶7分范文

There was a time when air travel was only for the wealthy people and out of reach of the majority of citizens. But now low-cost flights are available in many countries. I believe this is，overall，a positive development.

The most obvious advantage of low-cost flights is their affordability. Some airline tickets are so cheap that they cost even less than the airport tax. This can certainly give more people access to air travel and help them to save money.

Low-cost air travel also contributes to the growth of tourism because it provides more tourists with the chance to travel by air. Time is valuable for tourists and most of them hope to spend more time in their destinations. Compared with a journey by train or by car，low-cost flights save tourists a great deal of time. This means that they can have more time and energy to enjoy the attractions that they wish to visit.

Some people are worried that low-budget air travel may be less comfortable than regular flights. In fact，most low-cost flights provide the same seats as the seats offered to passengers on regular flights. Even if we feel unhappy with the seats，we can always get a better seat at a bit of extra cost.

Some other people may complain that cheap air travel consumes more fuel and causes more pollution. However，cheap air travel does not cause more damage to the environment than car rides or coach tours because passenger planes can carry far more people than cars and coaches do.

In conclusion，not only can cheap air travel offer us affordable flights，it can also give us greater convenience and more choices，on which we cannot put a price tag.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

本文量化评分

■译文

航空旅行曾是富人们的特权，而超出大多数人能够企及的范围之外。但是现在，廉价航空已经可以在许多国家中被人们使用。我认为总的来说，这是一种积极的现象。

低价航空飞行最明显的好处就是易于承担的价位。有些机票甚至便宜到还没有机场税高。这无疑将使更多的人能享受价位合理的飞行旅行并且帮他们省钱。

低价航空旅行也能为旅游业的发展做出贡献，因为它使得更多的游客有机会使用航空旅行。时间对于游客们来说是非常宝贵的，而且多数游客都希望在目的地停留更久。比起火车或汽车旅行，廉价航空旅行帮游客节省了大量的时间，这意味着游客可以有更多的时间和精力去参观他们的景点。

有些人担心廉价航空旅行没有普通航空旅行那样舒服。实际上，大多数的廉价飞行为乘客提供的座位与乘坐常规航班的乘客们所获得的座位是一样的。即使我们真的感到不舒适，也总是可以通过多花一点额外的费用来调换一个更好的位子。

另一些人可能会抱怨：廉价航空旅行消耗更多的燃料并且导致更多的污染。但是因为飞行所承载的人数比小汽车和长途车更多，所以廉价航空旅行并不比开车或坐长途汽车的旅行对环境的危害更大。

总之，廉价的航空旅行不但能为我们提供可负担的飞行服务，还能为我们的生活带来更多的便利与更多的选择，这些好处是不能仅仅用金钱来衡量的。

科技类范文二 民以食为天

▶7分范文

The impact of modern technology on the food industry has been an issue of public concern for several decades.

I believe that modern food technology has a wide range of benefits. For consumers，the application of technology in food production and food transport has greatly increased the variety of food available in supermarkets and grocery stores，which means a wider range of food choices. For example，modern technology can modify the genetic makeup of livestock to produce meat that is rich in protein but low in fat. Also， packaged food such as canned and bottled food makes life easier，especially for city residents whose busy lifestyles have made it difficult to prepare three meals every day by themselves. From an economic point of view，industrialised food production reduces the costs for food manufacturers. As a result，consumers can buy food at lower prices than before，and are left with more money for education，healthcare and entertainment.

On the other hand，the modern way of producing and transporting food has caused some environmental damage and health concerns. To increase crop yields，farmers often grow crop plants with the help of chemical fertilisers and pesticides，which pollute soil and water. Another problem is although the developments in food transport give consumers easy access to food produced in other countries and regions，these developments increase carbon emissions from trucks and flight and traffic congestion on a global scale. Health concerns are also raised about genetically-modified food and junk food，which have become an important part of many people's diet.

It seems to me that overall，the changes brought about by modern food technology contribute to a simpler and more pleasant lifestyle. Nevertheless，it is an important task of food scientists and engineers to make the food industry more eco-friendly and health-conscious.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

语法多样性分析

◆ It is an important task of food scientists and engineers to make the food industry more eco-friendly and health-conscious. 本句话里出现了宾补结构，more eco-friendly and health-conscious作为动词make的宾语the food industry的宾语补足语（关于宾补结构可以参阅《十天突破雅思写作》里的语法讲解部分）

本文量化评分

Pat注：

如果在本文的第1个主体段里该考生也能对食品运输food transport进行适当的展开论述，那么本文的扣题度会更好一些。

■译文

近几十年来，现代科技对食品工业的影响一直是为公众所关注的话题。

我认为现代的食品科技有多种好处。对于消费者们来说，科技在食品生产当中的应用增加了人们对于食品的选择。例如，现代技术可以改变养殖动物的基因构成，使其生成高蛋白低脂肪的肉。而且，带包装的食品例如罐装与瓶装食品让人们的生活变得更加方便，特别是对于那些总是在忙碌中很难自己准备三餐的城市居民们。从经济角度来看，工业化的食品生产降低了生产商的成本，使得消费者能以比以前更便宜的价格购买食品，这也就意味着人们能有更多的钱可以投入到教育、医疗和娱乐中去。

另一方面，现代加工和运输食品的方法带来了一些环境破坏和对于健康的担忧。为了增加农作物产量，农民经常会在种植农作物的同时使用化学农药和杀虫剂，这会污染当地的土壤与水质。另一个问题是尽管食品运输的发展给消费者们带来了其他国家和地区生产的食品，但这些发展也在全球范围内增加了卡车与飞机的碳排放以及交通堵塞。同样被提出的还有已成为很多人饮食重要组成部分的转基因食品和垃圾食品所引起的健康担忧。

在我看来，整体上看食品科技带来的变化能使人们的生活变得更简单、更舒适。尽管如此，食品科学家们的一项重要任务是让食品工业变得更环保并且更具有健康意识。

科技类范文三 e时代的书信

【解题】

即使在大量的信息是用“电邮”、“爱特（@）”、“微信”、“陌陌”等来传递的年代里，写信仍然是表达真情实感最有效的方法之一。

▶（A） 7.5分范文

Many people are worried that the traditional skill of letter writing will disappear from our lives because of the popularity of the Internet and mobile phones. However，I do not think that the skill of letter writing will be lost completely.

I accept that most people's letter-writing skill will become weaker because they have few chances to practise this skill. People today tend to interact with others with mobile phone，the Internet or other electronic tools for the convenience and high efficiency that they can offer. Also，many people，especially young people，feel that electronic means of communication such as instant messaging and video chat can bring them more pleasure than letters.

However，I would argue that people will still need to write letters on some occasions because letters help them to express their emotions better than e-mail and SMS. For example，if students write thank-you letters by hand and mail the letters to their teachers，their teachers are likely to feel more appreciated when reading the letters. Similarly，on Valentine's Day，many young people prefer to express their love and affection for their boyfriend or girlfriend with handwritten letters， which helps them to express their feelings more passionately and sincerely.

Like personal letters，formal letters will also continue to play active roles in our lives. For example，when a customer feels dissatisfied with the product or service provided by a business，the customer can write a formal letter of complaint and send it to the business. This shows that the customer takes the matter seriously，and makes the complaint more likely to be resolved by the business than an e-mail complaint does.

In conclusion，I believe that the tradition of letter writing will not be lost completely because it can still help us on various personal and business occasions when electronic means of communication do not seem sincere or formal enough.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

语法多样性分析

◆ The tradition of letter writing will not be lost completely because it can still help us on various personal and business occasions when electronic means of communication do not seem sincere or formal enough.本句里使用了由because引导的原因状语从句和由when引导的定语从句（修饰occasions）

本文量化评分

■译文

许多人担心随着网络和手机的普及，传统的手写书信技能将会从我们的生活中消失。但我并不认为写信技能会完全消失。

我承认书信技巧确实会因为人们很少有机会使用它们而不断衰弱。在当今社会中，由于手机、网络以及其他电子产品的高效便捷，人们更倾向于使用它们进行彼此联络。此外，大部分人，尤其是年轻一代认为像短信聊天和视频聊天等现代化交流方式比传统的书信模式要有趣得多。

然而，我相信在某些特定场合，人们仍然需要写信，因为书信比电子邮件和短消息更利于传递情感。比如，如果学生手写一封感谢信并且邮寄给老师，老师很可能在读信的时候更加感到自己的劳动受到了认可。与此类似地，当年轻人在情人节表达对对方的爱意时，一封手写的情书也能帮助他们更好地展现自己真挚、热烈的情感。

就像私人书信那样，正式公文也会继续在我们的生活中扮演重要的角色。例如，当一名消费者对某家公司的产品或服务感到不满时，他就可以向该公司撰写一封正式的投诉信。这一举措可以表现出顾客对这一事件严肃的态度，比用电子邮件投诉要更容易被公司方接受并处理。

总而言之，我相信拥有悠久传统的书信不会完全消失，因为它们还将在许多用电子书信显得不够诚挚和庄重的私人或正式场合下发挥作用。

▶（B）7.5分范文

Mobile phones and the Internet are so widely used today that many people are concerned that letters may completely disappear from our lives. Although I think this concern is understandable，I do not think it will become a reality.

The ease and immediacy of phone calls，text messages and e-mails make them attractive to people，especially to young and busy ones. An e-mail or a text message can reach someone thousands of kilometers away in a few seconds. The same e-mail or text message can even be sent to multiple users at the same time. By contrast，it takes a letter several days to reach the recipient.

E-mails and multimedia messages also allow their users to share pictures and videos and makes communication more interactive and entertaining. Another advantage of e-mails and text messages is that they can be stored electronically on servers and mobile phones，while letters always need some physical storage space.

In spite of this，I do not think that the tradition of letter-writing will disappear. Letters，especially handwritten ones，have a strong personal touch. Letter-writing takes much more time and energy than typing and sending an e-mail on a computer or calling someone on a mobile phone. This helps a letter to express emotions more deeply than an e-mail or a phone call. Letter-writing works particularly well when we need to express our sympathy， support or romantic feelings. For business or official purposes，letters can also provide the formality that is well-suited to formal correspondence.

In conclusion，despite the advantages that e-mails and mobile phones have in speed，ease of use and storage，I believe that letter-writing will continue to be useful for a variety of personal and business purposes.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

本文量化评分

■译文

手机和互联网的广泛应用使很多人认为传统书信将会永远从人们的生活中消失。尽管我认为这一担忧是可以理解的，我并不认为它会成为现实。

电话、短消息和电子邮件的简单便捷与时效性对众多的人们，尤其是年轻和工作繁忙的人们具有吸引力。一封电子邮件或一条短消息能在短短几秒内就送达千里之外的收信人。同一封电子邮件或同一个短信甚至还可以被同时传送给很多用户。对比起来，书信送达收信人则通常要花上好几天的时间。

发信人还可以通过电子邮件或多媒体短信分享图片与视频，从而使沟通更加具有互动性和娱乐性。电子邮件和短信息的另一个优势是可以用服务器或手机以电子形式保存它们，而书信则总是需要一定的实体空间存放。

尽管如此，我并不认为写信的传统会消失。书信，尤其是手写书信，能传递一种强烈的个人色彩。写一封信要比在电脑上输入文字或打个电话更加耗费时间和精力。这让书信能够比电子邮件和电话表达出更加深厚的感情。书信往往在我们需要表达同情、支持及浪漫感情时更为有效。对于商业与官方目的，信件也能表达出适合正式信函的正式感。

综上所述，尽管电子邮件和电话拥有快速便捷、便于使用和易于储藏等优点，我认为写信对于多种个人与商务目的都会是很有用的。

科技类范文四 怎样写好科技类Report

【解题】

很多同学对于到底什么是basic science感到纠结。英美学界对basic science的定义也颇为高深：Basic science is science that describes the most basic objects，forces，relations between them and laws governing them，such that all other phenomena may be in principle derived from them following the logic of scientific reductionism. Pat建议大家不必纠结，只要牢记在本题里它基本就等于中文的“基础科学”就好了。physics物理和chemistry化学都是特别典型的basic science，生物学biology的某些基础研究领域也经常被认为是basic science。

从题型上来说，这道真题属于分析原因与解决方案的Report题型。Report在最近十年的考试中出现的平均频率为15%～25%，并不算太高，所以基础一般或者时间紧的同学对于这种题型可以通过准备一些固定的论证模式来完成。

但是下面的两篇范文却都没有使用任何模板，完全凭借着扎实的基本功和对于社会问题的思考顺利完成了对这个抽象话题的论证。

▶（A） 7.5分范文

While technological developments are constantly covered by the mass media，basic science is hardly receiving any attention from the public.

I believe that the public ignorance of basic science research is mainly due to its unpredictable value. Compared with applied technology which can produce almost immediate benefits，most basic scientific research does not have short-term financial potential. To develop basic science，scientists have to devote a great deal of time and energy to their research，while being very uncertain if their research can achieve the intended results. Many scientists become dissatisfied with their working conditions and earnings，and in the end，they choose to leave their laboratories for other jobs. This makes their work more obscure to the public.

Several measures can be taken to change this situation. On the national level，the government should fulfill its responsibility for raising public awareness of the importance of basic science. Only when the government gives priority to the development of this field can basic science get the funding and the public support that are urgently needed for its progress. Private companies should be encouraged to financially support scientists as well，not only for profit but also for the overall development of science. There should also be more scientific programmes on TV，at schools and in public libraries to help the public to better understand scientific discoveries and applications.

In conclusion，basic science deserves more public attention and support. Policy-makers，the media and schools should join hands to make it better understood and appreciated by the public.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

语法多样性分析

◆ Only when the government gives priority to this field can basic science get the funding and the public support that are urgently needed for its progress. 典型的倒装句式

本文量化评分

■译文

尽管媒体上关于科技发展的报道持续不断，但基础科学却几乎没有引起公众的任何注意力。

我认为公众之所以对基础科学缺乏了解，很大程度上是因为它的价值是不可预见的。相比那些效果立竿见影的应用科技，多数基础科学研究在短期内并不具备潜在经济效益。要发展基础科学，科学家们需要投入大量的精力和时间来进行研究，而且他们的投入是否能达到预期结果也是完全不确定的。许多科学家最终变得对自己的工作环境和收入不满，离开实验室去寻求其他工作。这让他们的工作更不被公众所知晓。

有几项措施可以改变这种状况。在国家的层面上，政府应该履行让公众意识到基础科学重要性的责任。只有当政府对基础科学的发展给予优先地位，基础科学才能得到它的发展所急需的资金支持和公众支持。私人公司也应对那些致力于基础科学研究的科学家们提供财务支持，不仅仅为其所能带来的经济利益，而且也为科学的整体发展。此外，应该有更多的电视节目以及学校和公共图书馆项目帮助公众理解科学发现与应用的过程。

总之，基础科学需要得到更多的公众关注和支持。政策制定者、媒体与学校应该联合起来让公众更加了解基础科学，并且更加欣赏基础科学研究的价值。

▶（B） 8分范文

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

语法多样性分析

◆ Strange as it may seem，the significance of basic science，which is the main driving force behind productivity，has been largely ignored by the public. 这是一个特殊的倒装句开头，表示“尽管……看起来……”，请注意在… as it may seem，…这种倒装句的句首出现的经常是形容词

◆ Unlike applied science，basic science concentrates on the development of theories rather than the design of any specific products for practical use. 本句中使用了unlike（并不像…… 那样）和rather than（而不是…… ），它们分别表示对比和取舍的逻辑关系

本文量化评分

■译文

尽管看起来很奇怪，但基础科学这一生产力增长的重要推动力却被公众普遍忽视。我认为这种不幸的现实来源于基础科学的特性和公众对于它的感知。

物理和化学等基础科学对于多数人来说都带有强烈的神秘感或者秘而不宣的感觉。他们的研究领域非常专业，同时很多科幻电影把科学家们描绘成怪异而且孤独的人也让人们觉得现代的科学家们还是和几个世纪前的科学家们一样神秘莫测。

基础科学所带来的益处也并没有能被公众很好地理解。与应用科学不同，基础科学更侧重于理论的发展而不是设计产品并付诸使用。事实上，从一种理论的创立到第一次被应用之间的时间甚至可能长达几十年。因此，基础科学研究常常得不到投资者的关注，它们的价值也因此往往被低估。

关于基础科学的错误观念应该被改正过来。政府应该向基础科学研究提供更多资金。足够的经费能够给科学家们明确的事业发展方向和充分发挥自己研究潜力的机会。科学家的研究成果也应该被大众传媒更加广泛地公布。与之类似地，学校和博物馆应该让科学竞赛和科学展览等活动对更多的儿童和成年人开放。通过与公众的更多互动，科学家们可以改变公众对他们持有的“实验室怪人”的思维定势，得到他们理应得到的尊重与理解。

科技类范文五 科技与人际

【说明】

本题包含两问，第一问是问“在哪些方面有影响？（Report）”，第二问是问：“影响到底好不好（Argument）？”这名同学在两个主体段里分别回应了这两个问题，而且论证较为充实，行文衔接也比较自然，是典型的7.5分作文。

▶7.5分范文

Developments in telecommunications technology have led to dramatic changes to the types of relationships that people make.

Easy access to the Internet and mobile phone services means that geographical distance is no longer a barrier to building relationships with people far away. Video-conferencing technology helps business people communicate with their partners in other countries，while distance-education technology has made many online courses available. Students can take these courses without having to meet their teachers face to face. The way people keep in touch with their family and friends has also been transformed by mobile phone services and instant messaging software such as Google Talk and Skype.

On the one hand，these changes can have many benefits. They help people to be more efficient and reduce costs in communication over distances. For example，by having online meetings，business people can save time and avoid travel costs. Another advantage to these changes is that they provide a much wider variety of choices in developing relationships. We can even easily form a strong friendship with strangers now by sharing interests and exchanging ideas with them on social networking websites，Internet forums and online chat rooms. On the other hand，this trend has led to a decrease in face-to-face communication. More people feel lonely and isolated in real life in spite of the relationships they have developed in the virtual world. The rate of Internet fraud has also increased because it is easier for criminals to trick their victims online with lies or counterfeit goods.

I think that overall，technology has positive effects on the relationships people make，but people should also value their relationships in real life and be more honest and sincere when using technology to interact with each other.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

本文量化评分

■译文

通讯科技的发展给人际关系类型带来了显著的改变。

能够方便地使用互联网和手机服务意味着地理距离不再构成与远方的人们发展关系的障碍。视频会议技术帮助商务人士与其他国家的合作伙伴沟通，而远程教育技术提供了很多在线课程。学生们不需要和教师面对面就可以学习这些课程。人们与亲友保持联系的方式也被手机服务和Google Talk与Skype等实时信息软件深刻地改变了。

一方面，这些变化有很多好处。它们帮助人们在远距离沟通方面变得更高效而且节省费用。例如，通过在线会议，商务人士们可以省时间并且避免旅行开支。这些变化的另一个好处是它们给人们在发展关系方面带来远远更多样的选择。我们甚至可以通过社交网站、互联网论坛和在线聊天室等很容易地与陌生人形成友谊。另一方面，这一趋势导致了面对面交流的减少。尽管有在虚拟世界里发展的关系，更多的人们在真实生活里感到孤独而且被孤立。网络诈骗的发生率也增加了，因为罪犯们更容易在网上用谎言或者伪劣产品愚弄他们的受害者。

我认为在整体上，科技对人际关系有积极作用，但人们也应该重视真实生活里的关系并且在使用科技与别人互动时更加诚实、真诚。

科技类范文六 机器人是敌还是友

▶7.5分范文

In recent years，development in artificial intelligence technology has made robots more skillful. However，people still have different views on the use of robots.

Some people believe that robots are important to the development of human society. They argue that robot workers can work long hours and achieve high efficiency and quality without becoming bored or exhausted because they are programmed machines. Robots can also work in situations that are considered too dangerous for humans，such as cleaning up radioactive waste. They can even accomplish tasks that are impossible for humans. For example，nano-robots can be put into patients' bodies and perform surgery more quickly and precisely than human surgeons.

However，there are other people who are concerned about the possible problems caused by the use of robots. Using robots for a task means that less or no manpower is needed for the same task. This is likely to force many human workers out of their current jobs. Also，robots can be very expensive，and the maintenance of them costs extra money. Another concern that is often heard is that robots may develop the ability to make decisions and act on their own，which may give them the capacity to harm or even conquer human society.

My own view is that although using robots can be expensive，the use of robots saves human labour cost and reduces safety hazards in workplaces. In the long term，using robots is a less expensive way to run a business. Furthermore，at least up to now，robots still need to be operated and supervised by humans. It seems to me that overall，robotics is still safe and helpful technology.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

本文量化评分

■译文

近些年里，人工智能的发展使得机器人的技能更加娴熟。然而人们仍对使用机器人持有不同态度。

一些人认为机器人对人类社会的发展很重要。首先，机器人工人可以长时间地工作并保持高效率和高质量而不会感到厌烦或需要休息，因为它们是被程序控制的机器。而且，机器人可以在被认为对于人类过于危险的环境中工作。比如机器人可以被用来清理放射性废料。机器人甚至能完成人类根本无法完成的任务。例如，纳米机器人可以被放进病人的身体而且比人类外科医生更迅速、更精确地完成手术。

然而也有一些人对使用机器人应用可能带来的问题感到担忧。在一项任务中使用机器人就意味着同样任务中对人力的需求减少或完全消失。这很可能会迫使许多人类员工离开现有的岗位。还有，机器人的价格昂贵，而且对它们的维护还需要额外的资金。经常能够听到的对于机器人的另一种担忧则是机器人会发展出做决定的能力并且独立行事，那将会让它们有能力对人类社会造成危害甚至完全征服人类社会。

我的看法是尽管机器人是昂贵的，使用机器人可以节省人力成本以及减少工作中的安全风险。长期来看，使用机器人是运营企业更省钱的方式。而且至少到目前为止，机器人仍需要被人类操作及监督。在我看来，总体而言机器人技术仍是一项安全且有益的科技。

相关真题

Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human beings. Some people think this will be a positive development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?科学家们相信计算机将会变得比人类更聪明。一些人认为这将是积极的发展。多大程度上你同意或者不同意？

关键词透析

◆ intelligent是形容词，指聪明的、擅长复杂的脑力活动的。

除了上一篇范文里的思路和关键词可供写本题时借鉴之外，您在写本题时还有可能会用到以下加分词和加分短语：（1） can store more information than the human brain（能够比人类的大脑储存更多的信息）；（2） can process massive amounts of data in a very short time（可以在很短的时间之内处理大量数据，相关：operate many times faster than the human brain比人脑的运行速度快很多倍）：（3） mathematical calculation（名词短语，数学运算；相关：quantitative analysis，名词短语，定量的分析）；（4） sophisticated（形容词，当它指机器时是指非常精密而且很复杂的）；（5） powerful（形容词，强大的；相关：supercomputers超级计算机，极为强大的计算机，请注意在地道英文里通常super和computer之间连写成一个单词，不含空格）；（6） can perform complex tasks efficiently（可以高效率地从事复杂的任务，相关：the Google driverless car由Google研制的全智能汽车）；（7）Deep Blue（“深蓝”，由IBM研制的一台著名的chess-playing computer，它曾经击败国际象棋世界冠军Garry Kasparov）；（8）a thinking computer（一台会自己思考的计算机，对比：simply follow pre-programmed instructions仅仅执行提前输入的程序指令）；（9） become self-aware（形成自我意识）；（10） possess self-awareness（动宾短语：具备自我意识，目前的计算机还不具有self-awareness，但很多科学家都预计未来的计算机发展将会让计算机能够像人类一样也具有自我意识）；（11） can make decisions on their own（能够自行做出决定，相关：the ability to act by conscious decision按照有意识做出的决定去采取行动的能力）；（12） analyse new situations（动宾短语，对于新出现的情况进行分析，这是到目前为止人脑仍然比电脑更擅长的领域之一；相关：are better at recognising and adapting to complicated patterns更加擅长识别并且去适应复杂的模式）；（13） become fully autonomous（变得完全独立自主的）；（14）the unemployment rate（失业率）；（15） live in a world ruled by computers and machines（生活在由电脑和机器统治的世界里）等。

科技类范文七 科技不能均贫富

这是一道不容易深入论证的题，但当代社会的现实就是如此。比如Google创始人Larry Page和Sergey Brin，两个人都生于1973年，在西方文化里甚至都还不算“人到中年”，但他们每秒钟的收入要比普通人整整一年挣的钱还要多。Facebook的创始人与CEO Mark Zuckerberg更是30岁还不到就依靠网络科技“勤劳致富”了，即使在Facebook的股份持续下跌之后他的资产仍然超过100亿美元。听起来不可理喻，但却真的是事实。

▶7.5分范文

The increasing rate of technological innovation has made the range of technology available to individuals much broader today than in the past.

Many people believe this trend is widening the gap between the rich and the poor. Wealthy people can access advanced technology to make their work more productive，while poor people tend to use old technology that is cheaper but less efficient. This significantly widens the income gap between the two groups. For example，rich people can afford more powerful computers，faster Internet connections and better training in information technology，which gives them a strong competitive advantage at work in the information age.

It seems that the range of technology available to individuals also expands the living standard gap between the rich and the poor. Rich people today can enjoy high-definition TV，ultra-thin laptops and access to high-tech medical services and fitness equipment. By contrast，poor people have to live with much less effective electronics，health care and fitness equipment.

Some other people argue that the range of technology available to individuals is in fact narrowing the rich-poor gap. They think it is the technological advances and innovations that have made basic modern conveniences affordable to all people. For example，even many low-income people today can afford basic mobile phones，television sets and computers as a result of the wider range of technology available to individuals.

My personal view is that the range of technology available to individuals is raising the standards of living across all social classes. However，the gap between the tools that rich people and poor people use the difference between their standards of living are increasing the overall gap between them.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

语法多样性分析

◆ It is the technological advances and innovations that have made basic modern conveniences affordable to all people. 本句使用了It is … that …的强调句式，请注意that后面的动词单复数要和that前面的名词单复数保持一致，而不是和it一致

本文量化评分

■译文

科技创新速度的加快让当代可供个人使用的科技范围远比过去更广泛。

很多人认为这一趋势正在加剧贫富之间的差距。富人可以去使用先进的技术让自己的生产效率更高，而穷人则使用过时的科技，价格便宜但效率较低。这会显著地扩大两类人群间的收入差距。例如，富人可以负担得起功能更强的电脑、更快的互联网连接和更好的信息技术培训，这会给他们在信息时代的工作中带来明显的竞争优势。

看起来个人能够使用的科技广度也加大了穷人与富人之间的生活品质差距。当代的富人们能够享受高清晰电视、超薄笔记本电脑和高科技医疗服务与健身设备。相比之下，穷人只能使用远远更低效的电子产品、医疗和健身设备。

另一些人则认为可供个人使用的科技广度事实上正在减小贫富差距。他们认为正是科技的进步和创新让现代生活里各种便捷工具的价格变得易于承担。例如，由于个人可使用的科技范围更广泛，在当代低收入人群中的很多人同样能够负担得起具有基本功能的手机、电视和计算机。

我自己的看法是个人能够使用的科技广度提高了社会各阶层的生活水平。但是，富人与穷人所使用的工具差别以及他们的生活水平不均正在导致贫富整体差距扩大。

科技类范文八 早期科技vs.现代科技

【解题】

这道题的话题比较大，所以很多同学问我：“小嶷，你怎么看？”

早期科技和近期科技哪个对人类的帮助更大的问题其实并不存在绝对的标准答案。即使在科技史名著The Evolution of Technology（Cambridge Studies in the History of Science）里，George Basalla先生也没有能够圆满地回答这个问题。因此，在考场里对这类题目唯一的“正解”就是不要被它们吓倒，清楚、冷静地陈述出自己的道理就是胜利。

本题存在的一个难点是：“到底什么是early technology？”

Wikipedia对early technology的界定是：从早期人类出现开始到公元1世纪前的科技属于early technology。按照这个定义来讨论early technology，那么就应该集中在对早期石器的使用（the use of primitive stone tools），the invention of the wheel以及锄头、镰刀等金属农业器具（the invention of metal agricultural tools such as hoes and sickles）等“足够早”的科技上面。

但是按照普通英美人在生活里对early technology的理解，特别是当和recent technology进行对比时，这个范围却要宽松很多，可以一直推广到十九世纪末甚至二十世纪初的科技，那么telephone，film，plane，photography，piano以至于thermometer（温度计）等等都可以算early technology。

就像在英美大学里讲advanced writing course的教授们常说的，“Writing is not mathematics.”本题（或者说所有的IELTS essay questions）并没有唯一正确的答案。Pat本人更愿意投票给近期科技，特别是人工智能（artificial intelligence）、基因工程（genetic engineering）和纳米科技（nanotechnology）。因为它们已经不再仅仅是继续提高人类的劳动效率，而是已经开始让生命体和机器之间的界限变得越来越模糊（Recent technological developments have begun to blur the lines between living organisms and machines.）。iPhone的虚拟私人助手（virtual personal assistant）Siri，以及能够被植入病人体内进行手术的“纳米机器人儿”（nano-robots that can be injected into the patients to perform surgery）都还只是近期科技在这个方向上迈出的第一步而已。正如Alvin Toffler在Future Shock里所说：新科技将带来人类甚至从未想过的能力（undreamed-of capacities）。今天人们应该做的，是充分认识到新科技的巨大潜力（recognise the great potential of new technological developments），同时也认真地预防其可能带来的新问题（take precautions against the new threats that they may pose）。

这位“姑凉”同样也不同意题目里的看法，但她却选择了去论证早期科技与近期科技对人们生活的改变同样重要，这在逻辑上也是可行的。因为如果反对“A（本题里是早期科技发展所带来的改变）＞B（本题里是近期科技发展所带来的改变）”，从逻辑上既可以去证明“A＜B”，也可以去证明“A=B”，这两种途径都能够有效地推翻A＞B的看法。那么接下来要看的评判标准就是文章的论证过程是否充实和语言准确度了。

▶7.5分范文

Technology has influenced people's lives throughout history. Personally，I disagree with the view that early technological developments helped people and changed people's lives more than recent technological developments do.

Early technological developments certainly improved and changed people's lives. The early printing press，for example，made mass production of books possible. This development revolutionised the storage and spread of information and provided easier access to new ideas for people. Also，the early invention of the steam engine led to new forms of transport，such as steamboats and trains. It greatly increased the efficiency of passenger transport and goods transport. Another important early technological development was the invention of the light bulb，which allowed people to study，work or entertain themselves more comfortably at night.

In spite of this，I believe that recent technological breakthroughs have improved and changed people's lives in equally important ways. Recent developments in information technology，including Wi-Fi and smartphones，have offered people great convenience in accessing and exchanging information. This has resulted in improvements in people's productivity and learning abilities，and has led to new entertainment choices such as online films and mobile games. Also，nowadays computers and robots can perform many repetitive tasks，allowing human employees more time for creative work and leisure activities. Recent developments in medical technology can even prolong life by producing cures for many previously incurable diseases. At the same time，recent technology is solving the problems caused by early technology. For example，people today can spend much less on electricity if they use the new energy-saving light bulbs rather than traditional light bulbs.

In conclusion，I believe that both early and recent technological inventions and innovations have led to important changes and have helped individuals to lead more productive and enjoyable lives.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

本文量化评分

■译文

从古至今，科技一直在影响着人们的生活。我个人并不认为早期科技发展就比近期科技发展给人们生活带来的帮助和变化更大。

早期的科技发展当然也改变并提升了人们的生活水平。例如，早期的印刷技术使得大批量出版书籍成为可能。这一技术使信息的储存和传播发生了革命性的改变，并让人们更容易接触到新鲜的观点。而且，早期蒸汽机的发明带来了很多新的运输方式，像蒸汽轮船、火车等。它大大提高了客运与货运效率。另一项重要的早期发明是灯泡，让人们可以舒适地在夜间学习、工作及娱乐。

尽管如此，我认为近期的科技突破在改善与改变人们的生活方面与早期的科技同等重要。包括Wi-Fi及智能手机在内的近期信息技术发展为人们在利用信息和交换信息方面提供了极大的便利。它促进了人们的生产率和学习能力，并带来了线上电影和移动游戏等新娱乐选择。而且，电脑和机器人可以从事很多重复性的劳动，让人类雇员能更多地从事创造性工作和休闲活动。近期医疗科技的进步对许多之前的“不治之症”提供了治疗方法，甚至能够延长人的生命。同时，近期科技还在解决早期科技发展造成的问题。例如，如果人们使用新的节能灯泡而不是传统灯泡，就能够在用电上减少开支。

总之，我认为早期和近期的科技发明与创新都给人们的生活带来了重要的改变，而且也都让人们的生活变得更高效、愉悦。

科技类范文九 太空研究是否浪费资金

本题思路透析

这道题的正反两方观点都并不算太难想。

比如打算写支持太空研究，可以写：太空研究满足了人类的好奇心；直接或者间接地带来了很多新技术；帮助人类寻找新的资源等。

而如果打算反对太空研究，则可以通过：投资过多；研究成果的不确定性大；产生太空垃圾（space junk /space debris）；风险很高、巨额投资有可能“打水漂”等理由来反对。

▶8分范文

I accept that governments should divert part of the funding for space research to programmes that can directly improve people's standards of living. However，I disagree with the statement that space research is a waste of money.

Huge sums of money are spent on space research every year. Building and launching an Earth observation satellite costs up to 200 million dollars，while a Mars mission can be a multi-billion dollar programme. But the results of space exploration are much more unpredictable than those of educational，healthcare and social service programmes. Space research also involves high risk. Any failure in a space mission can be disastrous and lead to heavy financial loss. By contrast，public investment in medical research and environmental protection programmes is almost certain to create great benefits for our lives. It seems unwise to spend huge sums of money on space research while many of these programmes are under-funded.

However，I do not believe human exploration of outer space is a waste of money，for three reasons. Firstly，space research serves important experimental purposes. A wide range of inventions and innovations，such as artificial pacemakers，scratch-resistant lenses and water filters，were either direct or indirect results of space research. Secondly，space research has led to a wide variety of satellite-based services that many people use daily. For example，weather satellites help weather scientists to make more accurate weather forecasts，while GPS and telecommunications satellites help people to travel more safely and communicate more conveniently. Thirdly，as the world population is growing rapidly and the natural resources on Earth are being depleted at an unsustainable rate，we need astronauts to explore outer space to find new resources and even new planets to live on for future generations.

In conclusion，although part of the funding for space research should be redirected to programmes that address pressing social needs，in my opinion space research should still be appreciated and continued.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

本文量化评分

■译文

我认同政府应该把太空研究的一部分资金改用于可以直接提高人们的生活水平的项目。但是我不同意太空研究是浪费资金的说法。

每年有巨额的资金被用于太空研究。建造并发射一颗地球观测卫星可花费高达两亿美元，而一次火星探测任务则可能花费多达数十亿美元。但太空探索结果的可预期性却远不如教育、医疗和社会服务项目。而且，太空研究也涉及很高的风险。任何失败都可能是灾难性的，并带来巨额财务损失。对比起来，对于医学研究和环境保护项目投资则几乎一定能对我们的生活产生很大益处。看起来当这些项目缺乏资金时对太空研究投入巨资是不明智的。

但是，我并不认为太空研究是浪费资金，因为三个原因。首先，太空研究服务于重要的实验用途。很多种发明与创新，例如人造起搏器、防划镜片和净水过滤器都是直接或间接的太空研究的成果。其次，太空研究带来了各种被日常广泛使用的基于卫星的服务。例如，气象卫星帮助气象学家做出更准确的天气预报，而GPS与通讯卫星则帮助人们更安全地旅行与更方便地交流。第三，由于世界人口在快速地增加而且地球上的环境资源正在以不具备可持续性的速度被消耗，我们需要宇航员去探索太空，为后代发现新的资源甚至是适合生活的新行星。

作为结论，尽管太空研究的一部分资金应该被改用于应对紧迫社会需求的项目，我认为太空研究的重要性依然应该得到充分认可，并且它应该被继续。

科技类范文十 一位知识面很宽的考官对于科技问题的表态：科技是不是让生活变得复杂的罪魁祸首？

【解题】

这名考官对原题里愤世嫉俗（cynical）的观点进行了彻底批驳，并且在结尾段相当潇洒地提出：科技确实让我们生活得更好了。尽管科技也带来了压力加大和过快的生活节奏等问题，但是个人通过调整心态是可以适应这些变化的。这其实未必真的是一个客观严密的结论，但雅思作文在论证扣题度与充实度这项评分上的要求就是衡量考生围绕考题用英语“自圆其说”的能力，只要论证过程确实能做到扣题、充实就已经够了。

▶9分范文

考题类型：agree or disagree型

结构选择：一边倒（完全反对）的四段式

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

■译文

现代科技在三个主要方面变革了人类的生活：工作、交通和交流。尽管现代科技总是被人们谴责为增大了人们的压力并导致人际关系疏远，但我想恐怕没有人愿意把时间调回到现代科技发展前的时代。

尽管确实在科技发展前的生活更简单，但我不愿意再回到过去更简单的生活方式，因为那种简单是源于缺少选择。比如在喷气式客机于上世纪60年代出现之前，航空旅行对绝大多数人来说都是可望而不可即的。在电子收款机出现之前，人们在做交易的时候都要做大量的数学计算。另外，我们关于这个世界的知识，特别是对外国的认识，在电视上的纪录片给我们带来生动的影像之前只是片段式的。现代科技还使我们从单调辛苦的劳动中解放出来，使我们能更好地享受有趣的工作和休闲。

现代科技甚至也不一定总是比过去做家务事更复杂。照顾一匹马远远要比启动一辆车并开到加油站要更复杂和费时间。人们只要阅读过去的小说就可以意识到过去由于用马作为交通工具而导致速度上的限制给人们造成的焦虑和沮丧。

我上面给出的例子只是很多可以证明现代科技使我们的生活更便利的事例中的一小点。也许人们总是在怀念简单欢乐的旧时光的原因是高速的现代科技使得我们的生活节奏也加快了。但有时我们也可以通过给自己设立一系列简单的目标并坚持遵循它们来抵御这种生活节奏上的改变。

科技类范文十一 Pat对科技类话题的诠释：远程教育是否将让学校成为历史

本题思路透析

远程教育具有费用低、学习时间灵活、课程选择多样等优点，但课堂并不只是进行知识传输（transmission of knowledge）的机器。至少到目前为止，远程教育还是无法实现教师和学生之间的真正交流与互动的。所以尽管远程教育可以作为课堂教育的有益补充（a supplementary tool），但课堂教育仍然是“传道授业解惑”的一种必要方式。

The demand for distance education has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Although I agree that distance education offers a range of benefits to learners，I do not believe that the traditional classroom will disappear.

The convenience，flexibility and cost-effectiveness of distance learning are apparent. Students in a distance learning course can study almost anytime，anywhere，needing only an Internet-connected device such as a smartphone or a laptop with Internet access. They can also adjust the pace of the course to their own needs，including when to complete assignments or even when to submit the answers to test questions. Students who choose a distance learning school over a traditional brick-and-mortar school can also save on transport costs and commuting time.

However，as appealing as distance-learning technology may be，I do not think that it can replace classrooms altogether. True education should not be confined to the delivery of information. Classroom-based education always involves the cultivation of good learning habits such as keeping up regular and timely attendance，paying close attention during class，interacting with classmates and note-taking. Electronically-transmitted learning resources do not encourage these habits. Traditional classroom-based education also fosters a mentoring partnership between teachers and students，while the physical separation between instructors and students in a distance learning environment reduces interaction between them.

In conclusion，I would argue that in spite of the inherent advantages that distance education holds in the dissemination of information，it should only be a supplementary teaching resource. It is still not a competent substitute for traditional classrooms where teachers can actively interact with students and build mentoring partnerships with them.

词汇和短语

（标★的是本类话题的高频词汇或短语）

■译文

对远程学习的需求近年来在不断增加。尽管我同意远程学习能给学习者们提供一系列的好处，我并不认为传统的教室将会消失。

远程教育所能带来的便捷、灵活性和高成本效益都是显而易见的。远程教育课程的学生几乎可以在任何时间、任何地点学习，仅需要有一台连至互联网的设备比如笔记本电脑或智能手机。他们也还可以根据自己的需要来自行调节课程的速度，包括何时完成作业甚至递交试题答案的时间等。选择远程教育而非传统实体学校的学生们还可以节省交通费用和花在路上的时间。

然而，尽管远程教育技术可能很有吸引力，我并不认为它能够完全取代课堂教育。真正的教育不只限于知识的输送。课堂教育总是会涉及到对于良好学习习惯的培养，例如确保按时上课，注意听讲，与同学互动，记笔记等。由电子传输的远程资源并不促进对这些习惯的培养。传统的课堂教育还在师生间培养一种师徒般的伙伴合作关系，而在远程教育环境中授课教师和学生之间的距离则会减少师生间的互动。

总之，我认为尽管远程教育在信息传递方面拥有着先天的优势，但它仍应该只被作为一种辅助的教育工具。远程教育还不能有效地代替老师和学生面对面地互动并且建立亲密的合作伙伴关系的传统课堂。