Abstract

As the way of human existence,the community has always been closely watched by philosophers.The city-state community,the holy community,the contract community and the“liberal”community that once existed in the history of western thought,are all fertile foundations forMarx's community thought germination,formation,and development.They constitute the theoreti cal origin ofMarx's thought of community together.Marx's idea of the community is the sum of a series of thoughts and views derived from the perspective of the community and revealing the actual destiny and living conditions of people under different forms of the community.It is a comprehensive,scientific and profound ideologi cal system.

This book takes human freedom and development as the basic perspective,and takesMarx and Engels' classic texts in different periods as the main basis,combines relevant domestic and foreign research results.Inspects the development and evolution of the community in different histori cal periods.It focuses on the analysis ofMarx's“Unreal Community”thought,“Abstract Community”thought,and“Real Community”thoughts.And analyzes the theoreti cal reverberation and contemporary value of it backward.

In the“unreal community”thought,Marx completed his critique of Hegel's rationalist state outlook and revealed the essence of the capitalist state:he criticized logi cal mysticism and crude empiricism in Hegel's ra tionalist state outlook.He points out that capitalist countries are the spokespersons of bourgeois interests,and what people get in it is the development of illusory freedom and one-sided alienation.

In the“abstract community”thought,Marx completed the politi cal and economic critique of capital,capital logic,and even capitalism as a whole.He believes that in the“abstract community”,people have lost their independence and personality,but commodities,money and capital have gained their independence and personality.In addition,Marx analyzed the three natural community forms before capitalist production,and pointed out that the Germanic form of natural communities gave birth to capitalism,thus completing the necessary retrospection of capitalism and the self-examination of“abstract community”.

The thought of“real community”is a prediction made byMarx on the development of human society based on the critique of capitalism,But it is not a pure utopian idea.In terms of specific content,the development of productive forces is its material foundation,the“real individual”is its logi cal premise,the“free human unity”is its concrete realization form,and its full liberation and free development are its values.In terms of its implementation mechanism,the acquisition of“free time”,the reconstruction of“personal ownership”,the transcendence of“politi cal state”,and the generation of“free personality”all point to this conclusion: only in the“real community”,individual individuals Real freedom and comprehensive development in and through your own union.

From the perspective of human freedom and development,Marx criticized the“unreal community”and revealed the“abstract community”,and pointed out that only the“real community”in the form of“free human union”is the real contradiction between the individual and the community solve.The actual concern for human destiny runs through the development ofMarx's community thought.As a product of the times,Marx's communi ty thought will also make corresponding changes and developments with the changes and development of the times.

Key Words:Marx; Community; Natural Community; Unreal Community; Abstract Community; Real Community