第一章　概述

人群肿瘤登记是制定癌症防控政策、评价癌症防控效果及开展相关研究的基础性工作。2008年，卫生部设立“肿瘤登记随访项目”并纳入“国家重大公共卫生专项中央财政转移支付项目”，在中国大陆31个省（自治区、直辖市）及新疆生产建设兵团（未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾省）建立了覆盖全国的人群肿瘤登记和监测随访网络，逐步开展人群为基础的癌症发病、死亡和生存的信息收集工作。2015年，国家卫生和计划生育委员会、国家中医药管理局联合下发《肿瘤登记管理办法》，从制度上保证了全国肿瘤登记工作的顺利开展。多年来，在上级主管部门的领导和大力支持下，全国肿瘤登记处数量和质量逐年提升。截至2018年底，开展人群肿瘤登记工作的登记处为574个，覆盖4.38亿人口，较为全面地掌握了我国癌症发病、死亡、生存状况及发展趋势。

近几十年我国人群肿瘤登记工作进展迅速，但现有肿瘤登记工作仍存在登记监测点不平衡、数据利用不充分、登记处数据质量有待进一步提高等问题。下一步我们将进一步健全肿瘤登记报告制度，依托互联网和人工智能技术，实现肿瘤登记监测数据的自动抓取，降低人力成本，提高登记数据的质量和可信度。依托信息化技术，提高数据连续性、时效性，规范开展信息共享建设，实现肿瘤登记工作在全国所有区县全覆盖，更好发挥登记数据价值，为循证决策支持提供及时服务。

Chapter 1　Introduction

1　Population-based cancer registration system in China

Population-based cancer registration provides basic data on policy making and evaluation of cancer prevention and control strategies.Since 2008，the former Ministry of Health set up “National Cancer Registration and Follow-up Program” to support the cancer registration in China with sustainable funding.All 31 provinces，autonomous regions，municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in mainland China have established cancer registration framework.Population-based cancer incidence，mortality and survival information are collected through the cancer registration system.In 2015，the former National Health and Family Planning Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Medicine of China co-published “Chinese Cancer Registration Management Regulation”，which provides a legal protection on cancer registration in China.Under the leadership of the Chinese government，there has been a steady increase in the numbers and quality of populationbased cancer registries in China.Until the end of 2018，there are a total of 574 population-based cancer registries，with 438 million population coverage.Trends and updated statistics of cancer incidence，mortality and survival are comprehensively reported.

Though there has been fast development on the Chinese population-based cancer registration，we still need to improve the representativeness，quality and availability of the cancer registration data.For the next step，we will further strengthen the cancer registration system by using artificial intelligence and up-to-date internet techniques to enable the automatic data capture，and finally improve the quality and validity of cancer registration data.With the rapid development of the bioinformatics，we will accelerate the construction of data sharing system and improve the timeliness and continuity of cancer registration data through a nationwide coverage in each county of China，to help provide scientific evidence for future policy marking.