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(1)“本土市场效应”一词最早在1980年由美国经济学家克鲁格曼(Krugman)提出,他认为在规模经济和报酬递增的假设下,出口国内需市场的扩大可以增加出口量。
(2)Grunfeld和Moxnes(2003)指出,如果贸易国双方同处一个自由贸易区(FTA),那么服务贸易的开展会变得更加便利,这是因为自贸区的存在降低了服务贸易壁垒。
(3)Helpman E,Krugman P. Market Structure and Foreign Trade:Increasing Returns,Imperfect Competition and the International Economy[J].Journal of International Economics,1986,2:183-187.
(4)本书所选取的23个OECD国家分别是:澳大利亚、奥地利、比利时、加拿大、捷克、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、爱尔兰、意大利、日本、韩国、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英国和美国。
(5)数据来源可参见www.timeanddate.com网站。
(6)该变量是一个哑变量。如果两国有共同边界,那么该变量的值为1,否则为0。
(7)该变量是一个哑变量。如果两个国家同处于一个贸易区则记为1,否则记为0。
(8)该指标是一个哑变量。如果两国拥有相同的官方语言,则记为1,否则记为0。
(9)R. Feenstra,A. Rose,J. Markusen. Using the Gravity Equation to Differentiate among Alternative Theories of Trade[J].Canadian Journal of Economics,2001,34(2):430-447.
(10)其中,分位数回归最早于1978年由柯恩克(Koenker)和巴塞特(Bassett)提出,是一种基于被解释变量y的条件分布来拟合解释变量x的线性函数的回归方法。