40.反驳权威

1　In the passage, the author is skeptical about the idea/theory of/that……，arguing that……

In the passage, the author is skeptical about the butterfly effect, arguing that for the society as a whole, the law of social development will inevitably overwhelm all the butterfly effects.

在这篇文章中，作者对蝴蝶效应理论持怀疑态度，认为对于整个社会而言，社会发展的规律将必然压倒一切蝴蝶效应。

In the passage, the author is skeptical about the idea that the economic development will increase the people's well-being index, arguing that sense of well-being is a comprehensive concept including sense of satisfaction, sense of happiness and sense of worth, etc.

在这篇文章中，作者对经济发展会提升人们幸福感指数的观点持怀疑态度，认为幸福感是个综合性概念，包括满足感、快乐感和价值感等。

2　The essay/author places suspicion on the theory/belief that……It/He asserts that……

The author places suspicion on the belief that children should be treated and educated similarly.He asserts that gender differences in terms of the system, conception and content in elementary education should be eradicated by proceeding first from the government, family and educational system themselves.

文章作者对孩子们应该被同等对待和教育这种想法持有怀疑态度，认为要从政府、家庭以及教育系统本身着手消除基础教育体制、观念以及内容上的性别差异。

The essay places suspicion on the theory that discounts will promote the sales of products.It asserts that sometimes discounts on price will discount the reputation of the brand, resulting in the decrease of sales volume.

这篇文章对于打折能促进产品销量的理论持有怀疑态度，认为有时候价格打折会降低品牌声誉，从而引起销量的降低。

The essay places suspicion on the traditional Chinese virtue of filial piety.It asserts that filial piety is a way to prevent individualism and has a negative effect on one's self-development.

这篇文章对于孝顺这种传统的中国美德提出质疑，认为孝顺是阻止个性发展的一个手段，对个人发展有消极作用。