(20)不规则动词(Irregular Verb)
不规则动词却不像规则动词那样,可以有一定的法则,它的变化很多,现勉强分为下列四种:
① 原形、过去式、过去分词三者同形的
(原形) |
(过去式) |
(过去分词) |
cast(投) |
cast |
cast |
cut(切) |
cut |
cut |
hit(打) |
hit |
hit |
shut(关) |
shut |
shut |
put(放) |
put |
put |
cost(费) |
cost |
cost |
knit(编织) |
knit |
knit |
hurt(伤) |
hurt |
hurt |
burst(爆炸) |
burst |
burst |
set(安放) |
set |
set |
shed(流) |
shed |
shed |
spread(扩大) |
spread |
spread |
read(读) |
read |
read |
② 只有元音有变化的
(a)过去式及过去分词同形的
bleed(出血) |
bled |
bled |
breed(养育) |
bred |
bred |
feed(饲养) |
fed |
fed |
lead(领导) |
led |
led |
meet(相遇) |
met |
met |
shoot(射击) |
shot |
shot |
find(寻找) |
found |
found |
bind(缚) |
bound |
bound |
wind(旋) |
wound |
wound |
fight(战) |
fought |
fought |
hold(保持) |
held |
held |
lay(放) |
laid |
laid |
stand(立) |
stood |
stood |
spin(纺) |
spun |
spun |
sting(刺) |
stung |
stung |
hang(悬) |
hung |
hung |
swing(摇) |
swung |
swung |
get(得) |
got |
got |
sit(坐) |
sat |
sat |
spit(吐痰) |
spat |
spat |
shine(光耀) |
shone |
shone |
win(赢) |
won |
won |
(b)只有过去式的元音不同的
come(来) |
came |
come |
run(跑) |
ran |
run |
(c)原形、过去式、过去分词的元音全不相同的
begin(开始) |
began |
begun |
drink(饮) |
drank |
drunk(drunken) |
ring(摇铃) |
rang |
rung |
sing(唱歌) |
sang |
sung |
swim(游泳) |
swam |
swum |
sink(沉) |
sank |
sunk(sunken) |
③ 词尾有变化的
(a)元音不变的
have(有) |
had |
had |
make(做) |
made |
made |
burn(烧) |
burnt |
burnt |
learn(学) |
learnt |
learnt |
dwell(住) |
dwelt |
dwelt |
smell(嗅) |
smelt |
smelt |
bend(弯曲) |
bent |
bent |
lend(借) |
lent |
lent |
send(送) |
sent |
sent |
build(建筑) |
built |
built |
spend(花费) |
spent |
spent |
show(表示) |
showed |
shown |
(b)元音变化的
bear(生) |
bore |
born |
bear(负担) |
bore |
borne |
tear(裂) |
tore |
torn |
wear(穿) |
wore |
worn |
swear(誓) |
swore |
sworn |
forget(忘) |
forgot |
forgotten |
freeze(冻) |
froze |
frozen |
feel(感) |
felt |
felt |
kneel(跪) |
knelt |
knelt |
blow(吹) |
blew |
blown |
grow(生长) |
grew |
grown |
know(知道) |
knew |
known |
lie(躺下) |
lay |
lain |
drive(驱) |
drove |
driven |
give(给) |
gave |
given |
bid(令) |
bade |
bidden |
write(写) |
wrote |
written |
ride(乘) |
rode |
ridden |
rise(起立) |
rose |
risen |
see(看见) |
saw |
seen |
fall(落) |
fell |
fallen |
take(取) |
took |
taken |
shake(摇) |
shook |
shaken |
keep(保持) |
kept |
kept |
sleep(睡) |
slept |
slept |
weep(哭) |
wept |
wept |
lost(失) |
lost |
lost |
speak(说) |
spoke |
spoken |
steal(偷) |
stole |
stolen |
break(破) |
broke |
broken |
choose(选择) |
chose |
chosen |
catch(捉) |
caught |
caught |
teach(教) |
taught |
taught |
buy(买) |
bought |
bought |
bring(带) |
brought |
brought |
think(想) |
thought |
thought |
sell(卖) |
sold |
sold |
tell(告) |
told |
told |
say(说) |
said |
said |
④ 特殊变化的
be(存在) |
was(or |
were)been |
do(做) |
did |
done |
go(去) |
went |
gone |
eat(吃) |
ate |
eaten |