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(20)不规则动词(Irregular Verb)

不规则动词却不像规则动词那样,可以有一定的法则,它的变化很多,现勉强分为下列四种:

① 原形、过去式、过去分词三者同形的

(原形)

(过去式)

(过去分词)

cast(投)

cast

cast

cut(切)

cut

cut

hit(打)

hit

hit

shut(关)

shut

shut

put(放)

put

put

cost(费)

cost

cost

knit(编织)

knit

knit

hurt(伤)

hurt

hurt

burst(爆炸)

burst

burst

set(安放)

set

set

shed(流)

shed

shed

spread(扩大)

spread

spread

read(读)

read

read

② 只有元音有变化的

(a)过去式及过去分词同形的

bleed(出血)

bled

bled

breed(养育)

bred

bred

feed(饲养)

fed

fed

lead(领导)

led

led

meet(相遇)

met

met

shoot(射击)

shot

shot

find(寻找)

found

found

bind(缚)

bound

bound

wind(旋)

wound

wound

fight(战)

fought

fought

hold(保持)

held

held

lay(放)

laid

laid

stand(立)

stood

stood

spin(纺)

spun

spun

sting(刺)

stung

stung

hang(悬)

hung

hung

swing(摇)

swung

swung

get(得)

got

got

sit(坐)

sat

sat

spit(吐痰)

spat

spat

shine(光耀)

shone

shone

win(赢)

won

won

(b)只有过去式的元音不同的

come(来)

came

come

run(跑)

ran

run

(c)原形、过去式、过去分词的元音全不相同的

begin(开始)

began

begun

drink(饮)

drank

drunk(drunken)

ring(摇铃)

rang

rung

sing(唱歌)

sang

sung

swim(游泳)

swam

swum

sink(沉)

sank

sunk(sunken)

③ 词尾有变化的

(a)元音不变的

have(有)

had

had

make(做)

made

made

burn(烧)

burnt

burnt

learn(学)

learnt

learnt

dwell(住)

dwelt

dwelt

smell(嗅)

smelt

smelt

bend(弯曲)

bent

bent

lend(借)

lent

lent

send(送)

sent

sent

build(建筑)

built

built

spend(花费)

spent

spent

show(表示)

showed

shown

(b)元音变化的

bear(生)

bore

born

bear(负担)

bore

borne

tear(裂)

tore

torn

wear(穿)

wore

worn

swear(誓)

swore

sworn

forget(忘)

forgot

forgotten

freeze(冻)

froze

frozen

feel(感)

felt

felt

kneel(跪)

knelt

knelt

blow(吹)

blew

blown

grow(生长)

grew

grown

know(知道)

knew

known

lie(躺下)

lay

lain

drive(驱)

drove

driven

give(给)

gave

given

bid(令)

bade

bidden

write(写)

wrote

written

ride(乘)

rode

ridden

rise(起立)

rose

risen

see(看见)

saw

seen

fall(落)

fell

fallen

take(取)

took

taken

shake(摇)

shook

shaken

keep(保持)

kept

kept

sleep(睡)

slept

slept

weep(哭)

wept

wept

lost(失)

lost

lost

speak(说)

spoke

spoken

steal(偷)

stole

stolen

break(破)

broke

broken

choose(选择)

chose

chosen

catch(捉)

caught

caught

teach(教)

taught

taught

buy(买)

bought

bought

bring(带)

brought

brought

think(想)

thought

thought

sell(卖)

sold

sold

tell(告)

told

told

say(说)

said

said

④ 特殊变化的

be(存在)

was(or

were)been

do(做)

did

done

go(去)

went

gone

eat(吃)

ate

eaten