（6）语句的解剖

依照前面所说的，所有的语句，从构造上看来，可分为三类，即单句、复句和并列句。我们现在不妨再进一步，将这三种句子来解剖一下，便可更加明白它们的构造和内容了。

Ⅰ. 单句的解剖

现试举出三句形式不同的单句，作为解剖的实例。

1. You will succeed by diligence.

2. It is not right to tell a lie.

3. Do not tell him such a foolish story.

单句是只有一个 Subject 和一个 Predicate 的，所以我们现在就得把句中的这两种要素找出来。第一句一见而知主语是 you，谓语是 succeed。第二句的主语是 it，不过它是代表后面的 to tell a lie 的，所以这两个都要视为主语。第三句字面上没有主语，因为祈使句多半是将主语的 you 略去了的，所以我们在解剖时应该补上，句子的构造才可显明地看得出来。

现再详细列表说明如下：

Subject	Predicate
	Verb	Object	Complement	Adverb
①you	will succeed			by diligence
②it（to tell a lie）	is		right	not
③you	do tell	him story such a foolish		not

Ⅱ. 复句的解剖

现试举出二句形式不同的复句，作为解剖的实例。

1. When I was a boy at school，I was often very idle.

2. My parents did not know that I seldom attended school.

复句包含一个主句（Principal Clause）和一个或几个从句（Dependent Clause），而这种从句，可能有三种，即副词从句（Adverb Clause）、形容词从句（Adjective Clause）和名词从句（Noun Clause）。上例第一句中的“When I was a boy at school”就是一个副词从句，因为它是形容动词 was 的。第二句中的“that I seldom attended school”，就是一个名词从句，因为它是 know 的宾语。

现用表解说明如下：

		Connective	Subject	Predicate
				Verb	Object	Complement	Adverb
①	Principal Clause		I	was		idle	often very when…
	Adverb Clause	when	I	was		boy a at school
②	Principal Clause		my parents	did know	that...		not
	Noun Clause	that	I	attended	school		seldom

Ⅲ. 并列句的解剖

现试举出两句形式不同的并列句，作为解剖的实例。

1. The crow took a pebble and dropped it into the pitcher.

2. All men are mortal；all kings are men；therefore all kings are mortal.

并列句是由两个以上的同等分句所构成的，有时那些分句因为同一主语，所以可以将后面的主语略去，如谓语也相同时，也同样可以省略。上例第一句中第二个从句中 dropped 的主语也是 the crow，所以略去了。

现用表解说明如下：

		Connective	Subject	Predicate
				Verb	Object	Complement	Adverb
①	A		the crow	took	a pebble
	B	and	（it）	dropped	it		into the pitcher
②	A		all men	are		mortal
	B		all kings	are		men
	C	therefore	all kings	are		mortal