Unit 4 冠词

概述

冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，不单独作句子成分，只能置于名词之前帮助说明名词所指的人或物。a/an称为不定冠词，the称为定冠词，名词前不用冠词时称为零冠词。

1．a置于以辅音音素开头的名词前，一般弱读为/ə/，但在表示强调或单读时，读作/eI/。

2．an置于以元音音素开头的名词前，一般弱读为/ən/，但在表示强调或单读时，读作/æn/。

3．the用在特指的名词前，在元音音素前读/ðI/，但在辅音音素前读/ðə/。

专题一 不定冠词的用法

一、表示某一类人或事物

eg. A grammar book is necessary to a language learner.对于语言学习者来说，语法书是必备的。

A dog is a very faithful animal.狗是一种非常忠诚的动物。

二、用在第一次提到的某人或某物前，或用在对方不知道的人或事物前，a/an起介绍的作用

eg. There is a bird on top of the tree.树顶上有一只鸟。

A girl in red is waiting for you outside the school gate.一个穿红衣服的女孩正在学校大门外等你。

三、表示“一”的概念，类似于one，但语意较弱

eg. Here is a present for you.送给你一份礼物。

四、用在表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前，表示“每一”，相当于per，each或every

eg. These apples are five yuan a kilogram.这些苹果每千克五元钱。

David drives a car at 60 miles an hour.戴维以每小时60英里的速度开车。

五、用在姓名或姓氏前，表示“某一个，某位”

eg. A Mr Black wanted to see you.一位叫布莱克的先生想要见你。

六、不定冠词用在单数的作表语或同位语的名词前，泛指身份或职业

eg. Now she has become a teacher.现在她已成了一位教师。

My father，a teacher of English，works very hard.我的爸爸是一位英语教师，他工作很勤奋。

七、a/an用在表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的抽象名词前，使抽象名词具体化

八、a/an用在不可数的物质名词前，表示“一种、一场、一次、一阵、一份”等

eg. a heavy rain一场大雨 a soft wind一阵微风 a great fire一场大火 a green tea一种绿茶

a coffee一种/一杯咖啡 a smoke一支烟 a big lunch一顿丰盛的午餐

九、a/an用在成对出现的名词前

eg. a knife and fork一副刀叉 a coat and tie一件外套和领带

十、用在有修饰语的月份、星期及“morning，afternoon，evening”等名词前

eg. in a cold month在一个寒冷的月份on a sunny Sunday在一个晴朗的星期天on a snowy night在一个大雪纷飞的夜晚

十一、序数词前用a/an，表示“又，再”之意

eg. The door opened and in came a third girl.门开了，又走进了第三个女孩。

十二、用在某些固定结构中

eg. have a history/knowledge/population of...有着……的历史/知识/人口

基础训练（一）

一、用不定冠词a/an填空

1．The students of No.45 Junior High School have__________English test once__________week.

2．Have__________second cup of coffee, Mr Li, please!

3．You left__________"S" in the spelling of the word "discussion".

4．His father is__________old doctor.

5．Have you ever seen__________dog as big as this one?

6．Is Russia__________Asian or__________European country?

7．My sister takes__________active part in her school activities.

8．Taiwan is__________island. It is the largest island in China.

9．Here is__________useful book to read.

10．My father bought me__________MP6 as my birthday gift two years ago.

二、单项选择

1．—What did you do last night, Bob?

—First I did my homework, and then I played the piano for half__________hour.

A. a

B. /

C. an

D. the

2．Jason likes the shape of the cake. It is__________heart.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

3．（2016·青岛）David is__________eight-year-old boy with short black hair.

A. /

B. a

C. an

D. the

4．（2017·青岛）Look！There is__________bottle on the table.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

5．（2017·青岛）Zhi Yueying，__________unusual teacher，has taught in a village school for 37 years.

A. /

B. a

C. an

D. the

专题二 定冠词的用法

一、定冠词表示特指

1．用于特指某人或某物，所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句修饰。

eg. As is known to all，Beijing is the capital of China.众所周知，北京是中国的首都。

Do you know the girl who talked with Li Yi just now？你认识刚才与李怡说话的那个女孩吗？

2．用于特指双方都知道的或上文提过的人或事物。

—How about the Christmas evening party？圣诞晚会怎么样？

—I should say it was a big success.可以说非常成功。

Yu Xinya works at a university. The university is in Beijing.余新雅在一所大学里工作，这所大学在北京。

二、定冠词表示类属

1．定冠词用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物。

eg. The computer is a useful tool.计算机是一种有用的工具。

2．定冠词+形容词、动名词或分词表示一类人、事物或抽象概念。

三、定冠词用在序数词和形容词最高级前

eg. The last thing I want to do is to hurt you.我最不想做的事情就是伤害你。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。

注意：next，only，very，same等修饰名词或代词时，常加定冠词the。

eg. If I miss this subway，I'll catch the next one.如果我错过了这趟地铁，我将赶下一班。

四、定冠词用在比较级中

1．用在of the two句型中。

eg. Of the two girls，Cao Rui is the more careful.在两个女孩当中，曹蕊更细心。

2．用在“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”句型中。

eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you'll make.你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。

五、定冠词用在世上独一无二的事物前

六、定冠词用在表示方向、方位的名词前

eg. in the east/west/south/north在东/西/南/北

on the left/right在左/右

注意：在某些“方位名词+介词”结构中，方位名词前不需要用定冠词。

eg. north by east北偏东from east to west从东到西

七、用在某些专有名词前

1．用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。

eg. the Greens格林一家/格林夫妇 the Caos姓曹的一家/曹夫妇

2．用在表示江河湖泊、山脉、海湾、海峡、群岛、沙漠等名词前。

3．用在表示报纸、杂志或书籍的专有名词前。

eg. the Times《泰晤士报》the Bible《圣经》

4．用在表示国家名称、组织机构、阶级阶层、党派机关、厂矿、农历节日、会议等专有名词前。

八、定冠词用在某些普通名词前

1．用在乐器前。

eg. play the piano弹钢琴play the guitar弹吉他

2．用在表示朝代、年代、民族、国籍的名词前。

3．用在上文已提及的表示身体部位的名词前。

常用结构为：pat/hit/strike/kick/pull/lead/catch/hold/take+sb+in/on/by+the+表示身体部位或衣着的名词。

eg. She hit the man in the face.她打了那男人一个耳光。

The stone struck the young man on the head.石头击中了年轻人的头。

九、定冠词用在某些固定短语中

请记定冠词用法口诀：

基础训练（二）

一、用不定冠词a/an，定冠词the填空

1．—Mary, who's__________woman over there?

—She's my aunt, __________English teacher.

2．—Have you seen__________film Where Are WeGoing, Dad?

—Yes, it's__________interesting film.

3．My cousin went abroad at__________age of eighteen.

4．If we sit by__________window of the train, we'll have__________better view.

5．—You've dropped__________"C" in the word "succeed"!

—Sorry. I forgot__________letter "C" is doubled.

6．—What__________useful program it is!

—Yeah. It tells us how to play__________violin.

7．—How was__________dinner at Mike's house?

—It was great. Mike's mum is__________wonderful cook.

8．This is__________song I've told you about. Isn't it beautiful one?

二、改错：下列各题都有一处错误，指出并改正

专题三 零冠词的用法

一、零冠词用在泛指的复数名词前或泛指的不可数名词前

eg. Students are supposed to behave well at school.学生在校应该举止得体。

Bread is made from flour.面包是由面粉制成的。

二、零冠词用在专有名词前

eg. Lu Xun鲁迅 China中国 Japan日本

三、单数可数名词在某些特殊情况下用零冠词

1．用作称呼或表示家庭成员时。

eg. Can I tell mother about it？我可以告诉妈妈这件事吗？

2．turn作为系动词后接名词时，该名词前用零冠词。

eg. He was a worker before he turned writer.他在成为一名作家前是一名工人。

3．在独立主格中的单数可数名词前常用零冠词。

eg. Sudenly a man came in，knife in hand.突然进来一名男子，手里拿着一把刀。

4．kind of后接单数可数名词时通常用零冠词。

eg. That kind of job just fits me.那种工作正好适合我。

四、物主代词前后都用零冠词

eg. his father他的爸爸 our most dangerous enemy我们最危险的敌人

五、零冠词用在泛指的季节、月份、星期、节假日前（但中国的阴历节日前应加the）

eg. in spring/summer/autumn/winter in January/February/March...

on Sunday/Monday/Tuesday... on Women's Day the Dragon-Boat Festival

六、零冠词用在三餐、棋类、球类等名词前

eg. have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner吃早/中/晚餐play chess下棋

play table tennis/soccer/badminton/volleyball打乒乓球/踢足球/打羽毛球/打排球

七、零冠词用在学科和语言前

eg. It's important to learn Chinese/English/French... well.学好汉语/英语/法语……很重要。

Bob is interested in chemistryand physics.鲍勃对化学和物理感兴趣。

八、零冠词用在某些固定短语中

基础训练（三）

一、用不定冠词a/an，定冠词the或零冠词“/”填空

1．—Do you know when is__________No Tobacco（烟草）Day？

—It's on May 31st.

2．They want their daughter to go to__________university, but they also want her to get__________summer job.

3．Eric is not going to Nanjing by__________plane.

Instead, he is going to take__________train.

4．She likes playing__________violin; her brother likes playing__________basketball.

5．Miss Zhang will go to__________America for__________important meeting next month.

6．It is known to all that Father's Day falls on__________third Sunday in__________June.

7．Daniel can speak__________Japanese and__________Russian.

二、单项选择

1．I often talk with Jane over__________telephone, while I keep in touch with Mechelle by__________letter.

A. /; the

B. /; a

C. the; /

D. the; a

2．Dr Smith, __________headmaster of the school, told us__________fifth of students here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.

A. /; a

B. /; the

C. a; a

能力训练

一、将下列短语译成英语，注意冠词在短语中的使用

1．发生__________

2．替代__________

3．去做礼拜__________

4．去教堂__________

5．在未来__________

6．国庆节__________

7．中秋节__________

8．做出选择__________

9．制订计划__________

10．偶尔__________

11．突然__________

12．举行音乐会__________

13．头疼__________

14．在过去__________

15．同时__________

16．在船上__________

17．事实上__________

18．住院__________

19．偶然地__________

20．不分昼夜__________

二、用适当的冠词填空

1．There is__________egg on the plate. Would you like to have it?

2．This afternoon my grandfather bought__________magazine and__________newspaper.__________magazine is in his bag, but he can't remember where he put__________newspaper.

3．Christine is selling her house, but on__________other hand she doesn't want to move.

4．Would you please play__________chess with me after school?

5．I have seen__________film Mr Six and it's quite__________education one.

三、单项选择

1．（2016·河南）—Kate，are you__________only child in your family？

—Yes, but__________new baby is on the way.

A. a; the

B. an; the

C. the; a

D. the; the

2．（2016·大庆）We played for__________hour in the park. It was__________great fun！

A. a; a

B. an; /

C. a; /

D. /; a

3．（2017·凉山）My sister sometimes has only__________apple for__________dinner because she wants to be thin.

A. a; /

B. a; the

C. an; the

D. an; /

4．（2017·连云港）Donald Trump，__________71-year-old businessman，was chosen__________President of the US last year.

A. a; a

B. a; /

C. the; a

D. the; the

实战训练

一、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．中国有13亿人口。

China has__________1, 300, 000, 000.

2．在一个大雪之夜，他独自登上了八公山。

__________night, he climbed up Mount Bagong by himself.

3．突然，我看到了警察在追赶小偷。

__________, I saw the police running after a thief.

4．当我在法国时，我的寄宿家庭特意地使我像宾至如归一般。

When I was in France, my host family__________their way to make__________.

5．他打了我的嘴，我打了他的鼻子。

He hit me__________while I hit him__________.

6．我们已经养成了每天晚上默写单词的习惯。

We have__________of writing words from memory every evening.

7．他们惊讶地看着那条巨蟒。

They looked at the python（巨蟒）__________.

二、用正确的冠词填空

1．If we sit near__________front of the bus, we'll have__________better view.

2．Alexander Graham Bell invented__________telephone in 1876.

3．The poor boy held his mother tightly by__________arm.

4．It's said this tower was built in__________1990s.

5．It's__________pity that none of my friends like playing__________violin.

6．Yu Xinya is__________more intelligent one of the__________two sisters.

7．In some places in China, __________electric bicycle is__________popular means of transportation.

8．I like__________color of your tie. It is__________good match for your shirt.

三、单项选择

1．（2017·安顺）—Did you do well in__________English exam last week？

—Yes. I got__________"A".

A. an; the

B. the; an

C. a; /

D. the; a

2．（2017·河南）—When will__________car race begin？

—I'm not sure. Maybe next week, or maybe__________week after next.

A. a; the

B. an; the

C. the; a

D. the; the