第五节 情景交际
一、特定功能用语
(一)问候
1. Hello/Hi.你好。Hello/H.i你好。
2. Good morning/afternoon/evening.早上/下午/晚上好。例如:
Good morning!早上好!Good morning!早上好!
3. How are you?你好吗?
Fine/Not bad, thank you. And you?我很好/我不错,谢谢。你呢?
Very well, thank you.我很好,谢谢。
注意:“How are you? ”通常用于熟人之间的问候。And you?表示回问对方,是简略的说法。
4. How do you do?你好。How do you do?你好。
注意:“How do you do? ”主要用于正式场合的问候。比如两个人初次见面的时候。
5. Nice to meet/see you.很高兴认识/见到你。Nice to meet you, too.我也很高兴认识你。
注意:Nice to meet you.主要用于熟人之间的问候。或者是初次见面时在知道对方的名字或身份后进行的问候。
例 2013年初赛真题
Nice to meet you.
________
A. How are you?
B. See you later.
C. Nice to meet you, too.
【答案】C
【解析】Nice to meet you.是一种打招呼的方式,意为“很高兴见到你”,回答应用“Nice to meet you, too”,即C项。
(二)告别
1. Goodbye/Bye.再见。Goodbye/Bye.再见。
2. See you/See you later/See you tomorrow!再见/回头见/明天见!
See you/See you later/See you tomorrow!再见/回头见/明天见!
3. Good night.晚安。Good night.晚安。
4. Have a good trip!旅途愉快!
Have a good sleep!睡个好觉!
Have a good dream!做个好梦!
Take care!当心/保重!
Have fun!玩得开心!
(三)祝福祝愿
1. Happy birthday!生日快乐!Thank you!谢谢!
2. Happy New Year!新年快乐!
The same to you!你也是/同喜!/Happy New Year!新年快乐!
注意:对于大家共同的节日,都可以使用“The same to you! ”进行回答,如:
Merry Christmas!圣诞快乐!
The same to you!你也是/同喜!/Merry Christmas!圣诞快乐!
3. Happy Children's Day!儿童节快乐!
Thanks.谢谢。(回答长辈时)/The same to you!你也是,同喜!(回答同龄人时)/Happy Children's Day!儿童节快乐!(回答同龄人时)
注意:对于某群人共同的节日,如果对方也属于这个节日里的一员,回答The same to you!如果对方不属于这个节日里的一员,只需要回答Thanks.即可。
4. Congratulations(to you)!祝贺你!Thanks谢谢!
5.英语中表示祝福的词还有:
Good luck!祝您好运!
Best wishes(for you)!给您最好的祝愿!
May you succeed!祝您成功!
Wish you happiness during the holidays and throughout the New Year.祝节日快乐,新年幸福。
(四)介绍
1.自我介绍时:
My name is.../I'm...我的名字是……/我叫……
My name is.../I'm...Nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you, too.
2.介绍他人时:
Mr. Black:Sophie, this is Miss Green.布莱克先生:索菲亚,这位是格林小姐。
Miss Green:Nice to meet you.格林小姐:很高兴认识你。
Sophie:Nice to meet you, too.索菲亚:我也很高兴认识你。
注意:Miss指未婚女性。Mr.指男士。Mrs.指已婚女士。
3.在介绍他人时可能用到的句型为:
This is Mr./Mrs./Miss...
This is my friend.
He/She is...他是/她是……
(五)感谢
1.表示感谢的情景主要有:得到别人的帮助、得到别人的赞扬和接受别人的祝愿。例如:
Thank you/Thanks./Thanks a lot./Many thanks.谢谢。
Not at all. You're welcome./That's all right./That's OK./表示“不客气”或“没关系”。
2.当得到别人的帮助时,也可以说:It's very kind of you(to help me).你(帮我)真是太好了。
3.当你帮助了别人而别人表示感谢时,除了使用以上的答语Not at al.l/That's all right./That's OK./You're welcome.还可以使用:It's my pleasure./My pleasure.
(六)道歉
1. I'm sorry./Sorry. “对不起。”使用的场景主要有:自己说错了话或做错了事,麻烦、打扰别人之后。例如:
I'm sorry./Sorry.对不起。That's all right./That's OK./It doesn't matter.没关系。
例 2015年初赛真题
Oh! I'm sorry.
________
A. Thai's all right.
B. That's right.
C. You're right.
【解析】句意:噢,对不起。没关系。本题考查情景对话。对于“对不起”的回答可以用“That's all right. ”作答,表示“没关系”。That's right.表示“那是正确的”。You're right.表示“你是正确的。”
2. Excuse me. “对不起,打扰一下。”使用的场景主要有:
① 用来向不熟悉的人打听情况或提出请求(其实质用法是引人注意)。例如:Excuse me, where is the library?
② 用来客气地打断别人的话,例如:Excuse me, what you said was not right.对不起,你说得不对。
③用作从别人面前经过时的礼貌用语,例如:Excuse me, could I get past?劳驾,让我过去好吗?
④表示中途退席或暂时告退,如:Excuse me, I'll be back in a minute.对不起,我一会儿就回来。
例 2014年初赛真题
________,can I sit here?
Sure, please.
A. I'm sorry
B. Excuse
C. Excuse me
【解析】句意:不好意思,我可以坐这里吗?可以,请坐。excuse me意为“对不起,打扰一下”,符合语境。
3. sorry还可以用于表示遗憾。比如:
Sorry, I don't know.对不起,我不知道。
I'm sorry to hear that.我很遗憾听到这个消息。
例 2013年初赛真题
Wendy's mother is in hospital.
________
A. Good luck!
B. I'm sorry to hear that.
C. That's all right.
【答案】B
【解析】句中提到“Wendy的妈妈住院了”, B项“听到这个消息很难过”符合该语境。A项意为“祝你好运”。C项意为“没关系”。
4. Pardon me.请原谅。
I beg your pardon.请原谅/我没听清楚/请再说一遍。
(七)帮助
1.请求帮助
Can/Could you help me, please?你能帮帮我吗?
Could you do me a favor? /Could you give me a hand?能帮我一下吗?
May I borrow your..., please?请问,我可以借用你的……吗?
Can you lend me your..., please?请问,你的……可以借给我吗?
May I use your..., please?我可以用你的……吗?
Please give me a hand!请帮帮我!
相关答语:
No problem.没问题。
Yes, please!好的,请。
Yes, what's up?好的,你怎么了?
My pleasure!我的荣幸!
OK. Here you are.好的,给你!
Sorry!对不起!
I'm sorry I can't.抱歉,我无能为力。
2.主动提供帮助
Can/May I help you?我能帮你忙吗?
What can I do for you?我能为你做些什么?
What would you like?你需要些什么?
相关答语:
Yes, please!是的,请。
No, thanks.不必了,谢谢!
Thanks! /Thank you very much! /Thank you so much!非常感谢!
Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助!
Yes, I'd like...我想……
Yes, I want to...我想要……
(八)请求允许
1. May I... “我可以……? ”例如:
May I come in?我可以进来了吗?Come in, please.请进。
2. Can I... “我能……? ”例如:
Can I have two cakes, please?我能吃两个蛋糕吗?
表示不同意时回答:No, you can't.不,你不能。
表示同意时回答:Yes, you can./Yes, here you are./All right./Go ahead./Sure.
(九)提议或劝告
1.表示提议的句型有:Shall we...? /Let's.... Why not...? /Why don't...? /What/How about...?例如:
Shall we do homework together?我们一起做作业好吗?
Let's go swimming together.让我们一起去游泳吧。
Why don't you go home together?为什么你们不一起回家呢?
Why not have lunch together.为什么不一起吃午餐呢?
What about playing basketball?打篮球怎么样?
How about doing the housework first?先做家务怎么样?
注意:回答以上表示提议的句子时,如果表示同意,并表示感谢,如:Great/OK/Sure/Good idea/It's so nice of you...如果不赞同,可以表示抱歉并说明理由,如:I am sorry but.../I'd like to, but I'm afraid...
2. Would you like... “你想要……? ”。例如:
Would you like to join in us?你想参加吗?
Sure/I'd like to(I'd love to).我愿意No, thanks.不了,谢谢。
3. Can you...with me?你能和我……吗?
Can you go to school with me?能和我一起去学校吗?
Sure!当然!/Of course.当然可以。/Yes!好的!
当不能接受邀请时,可以回答:
I'd love to, but I have no time.我很想去,但是没有时间。
Sorry, I...对不起,我……
4. It's time(for sb.)to do sth./for sth.某人是时候该做某事了。例如:
It's time to go to bed.该睡觉了。
It's time to have my English class.该上英语课了。
It's time for breakfast.该吃早餐了。
5. You should/shouldn't do sth.你应该/不应该做某事
6.(Don't)+动词原形+(宾语)+(其他),比如:Don't sit down here, please.
(十)同意与不同意
1.同意
Certainly/Sure/Of course.当然
Yes, I think so.是的,我认为是这样。
That's true/right.那是正确的。
All right/OK.好吧。
That's a good idea./Good idea.是个好主意。/好主意。
2.不同意
No, I don't think so.不,我不这么认为。
I'm afraid not.我恐怕不行。
I can't believe it.我不相信它。
二、常见话题语境
(一)天气
1. What's the weather like? /How is the weather?
It's rainy/sunny/hot...
注意:What's the weather like?中,like是介词,意思是“像”,所以这句话的意思为:天气像什么?也就是说“天气怎么样?”。How is the weather?中不需要介词like。
例 2014年决赛真题
________
It's windy and cold.
A. What's the time?
B. What day is it?
C. What's the weather like?
【答案】C
【解析】句意:今天天气如何?刮风且很冷。根据回答中的windy和cold均与天气相关可知提问应该是关于天气的。故正确选项为C。
2. It is a lovely day, isn't it?天气真不错!不是吗?
Sure./Yes. It's quite clear.可不是,真晴朗。
(二)时间
1.询问时间
What's the time? /What time is it?
It's eight thirty(8:30)/half past eight(8:30)/a quarter to eight(7:45)...
时间的表示方法如下:
5:12 five twelve/twelve past five
7:15 seven fifteen/a quarter past seven/a quarter after seven
8:45 eight forty-five/a quarter to nine
11:50 eleven fifty/ten to twelve
2:00 p. m./14:00 two p. m.
12:00 twelve/noon/midday
24:00 midnight
2.询问星期
What day is(it)today?
It's Monday/Tuesday...
3.询问日期
What's the date today?
It's June 1st...
4.询问季节
What is your favorite season? /What season do you like best?你最喜欢的季节是什么?
It's summer.
5. How long 多久;How often 多久一次
How long will you stay in China?你在中国待多长时间?
..days/weeks/months/years. ……天/周/月/年。
How often do you go to the cinema?你多久去一次电影院?
Once/twice/three times a week.一周一次/两次/三次。
(三)年级、班级、座位
1. What class are you in?你在几班?I'm in Class...我在……班。
2. What grade are you in?你在几年级?I'm in Grade...我在……年级。
3. What row/group are you in?你在哪排/组?I'm in Row...我在……排。
4. We are both in the same grade.我们在同一个年级。
5. They are classmates.他们是同学。
6. Do you have English class this afternoon?你们今天下午有英语课吗?
(四)姓名、年龄、生日、出处、住处、电话、工作、人物
姓名:What is your name?你叫什么名字?I am.../My name is...我叫……/我的名字是……
年龄:How old are you? /What is your age?你今年多大?I am...years old./It is a se-cret.我……岁了。/保密。
生日:When is your birthday?你生日是什么时候?It is on...是在……
出处:Where are you from?你来自哪儿?I am from...我来自……
地址:What is your address?你的住址是什么?
电话:What is your telephone number?你的电话号码是多少?
工作:What does your father do?你父亲是做什么的?He's a worker.他是一名工人。
What's your father?你父亲是做什么的?He's a teacher.他是一位教师。
人物:Who is he?他是谁?He is my father.他是我的父亲。
Who is that girl in blue/brown/...?穿蓝色/棕色/……衣服的那个女孩是谁?
Who is that man under/in the tree?树下/上的那个男人是谁?
(五)名称、颜色、尺寸、位置、数量、价格
名称:What is this/that(in English)?这个东西用英语怎么说?It's...这是……
拼写:Can you spell that?你能把它拼出来吗?Yes, C-H-I-N-A.能,C-H-I-N-A。
颜色:What color is it?它是什么颜色的?It's...它是……色的。
尺寸:What size is it?它的大小是多少?It's...它是……
位置:What is in the bag?这个包里有什么?There is...(in the bag).这个包里面有……。
Where is the bag?这个包在哪儿?It is under/in/behind/on...它在……下面/里面/后面/上面。
数量:How many birds are there in the sky?天上有几只小鸟?
What is one and one?1加1等于几?It's 2.等于2。
One and one is two. 1加1等于2。
价格:How much is it?它多少钱?It's 5 dollars.它是五美元。
(六)喜欢和意愿
1.询问喜欢:
What does/do sb. like?某人喜欢什么?
What does/do sb. like doing?某人喜欢做什么?
What does/do sb. like best?某人最喜欢什么?
What sports/food/color do you like(best)?你(最)喜欢什么运动/食物/颜色?
What is your favorite sports/food/color?你最喜欢的运动/食物/颜色是什么?
Do you like sth./doing sth.你喜欢某事/做某事吗?
What is your hobby?你的爱好是什么?
相应回答:
I like sth./doing sth.我喜欢(做)……
I like sth./doing sth. best.我最喜欢(做)……
sth./doing sth. is my favorite.(做)……是我最喜欢的。
Yes, I do./No, I don't.
2.询问意愿
What do you want(to do)?你想要(做)什么?
What would you like(to do)?你想要(做)什么?
相应回答:
I'd like/love(to do)...我想(做)……
I like(to do/doing)...我喜欢(做)……
(七)询问平时、现在或者将来做的事情
1.询问一般会做的事情
What do you usually do after class?下课后你一般做什么?I play with my classmates.我和同学玩耍。
2.询问正在做的事情
What are you doing?你正在做什么?I'm studying English.我正在学英语。
Where are you going?你要去哪儿?I'm going to the supermarket.我要去超市。
What are you drawing?你正在画什么?I'm drawing a bird.我正在画小鸟。
3.询问将要做的事情
What will you do after class?下课后你将做什么?I will play games.我将打游戏。
What are you going to do after class?下课后你打算做什么?I am going to play games.我将打游戏。
(八)打电话
1.打电话的人需要找人时可以使用:
Is Mark there? Mark在吗?
May I speak to Tom?能让Tom接下电话吗?
Can I talk to Mr. Gates?我能和Mr. Gates讲电话吗?
2.当接电话的人正是要找的人时可以使用:
Speaking.请说。
This is she/he.我就是。
You're speaking/talking to her/him.你现在正在和她/他讲话。
This is+名字.我就是……
3.当接电话的人不是要找的人时可以使用:
He's not here right now.他现在不在这儿。
He's out.他出去了。
4.要找的人不在,问对方是否要留言,可以使用:
Would you like to leave a message?你要留言吗?
Can I take a message?我可以帮你传话吗?
5.要找的人不在,请求对方是否能帮自己留言,可以使用:
May/Can I leave a message?我可以留个话吗?
6.听不清楚别人说话时,可以使用:
Can you repeat again, please?能不能请你再重复一次?
(Say)Again, please?再说一次好吗?
Pardon?抱歉(请再说一次)。
Come again, please?再说一次好吗?
I'm sorry?抱歉(请再说一次)。
(九)购物
1.服务员用语
May/Can I help you?我可以为您效劳吗?
What can I do for you?您要买什么?
What would you like?您想要什么?
How many/much do you want?您要买多少?
What else do you want?还想要什么?
What color/size/kind do you want?您要什么颜色/多大号码/哪一种的?
It only costs you 300 yuan.这只需花费您300元。
Here is your change.找你零钱。
Here you are.给您(买的东西)。
You're welcome to come again.欢迎下次光临。
2.顾客用语
Yes, please.是的。
No, thanks.不需要,谢谢。
I want...我要买……
I'd like...我想要……
Let me have a look at...我想看看……
May I try it on?我可以试穿一下吗?
How much is it? /How much are they?多少钱?
Do you have any other kind/size/colour?还有其他种类/尺寸/颜色的吗?I
'll take this.我要买这个。
That's what I want.那是我想要的。
(十)就餐
What's for breakfast/lunch/supper?早饭/中饭/晚饭吃什么?
What would you like?你想要什么?
Would you like something to eat/drink?你想要点吃/喝的吗?
Anything else?还需要其他的吗?
What else do you want?还需要别的吗?
Can I have some juice/cakes/...?我能要点果汁/蛋糕/……吗?
Yes, please.是的,我想要
No, thanks.不,我不需要。
I'd like...我想要……
Help yourself/yourselves(to some...)请自便。/别客气。
This is delicious.太美味了。
Thank you. I've had enough./I'm ful.l谢谢你,我已经饱了。
(十一)问路
1.问路者用语
Excuse me...打扰一下,……
Where is...? ……在哪儿?
Would you like to tell me the way to...?你可以告诉我去……的路吗?
Can you tell me how can I get to..., please?你能告诉我怎么去……吗?
Can you tell me the way to...?你能告诉我去……的路吗?
Could you show me the way to...?你能为我指一下去……的路吗?
How can I get to...?我怎么才能到……?
Do you know the way to...?你知道怎么到……吗?
2.指路者用语
Go straight on.直走。
Turn left/right at the first/second crossing.在第一/二个十字路口向左/右转。
Take along with this street.沿着这条街走。
Go down this way, and turn left at the first turning.一直往前走,在第一个转弯处向左转。
You can just take No. 5 bus, and get off at the second station.你可以乘坐5路公汽,在第二站下车。
You'll find...is right there on your left.你会发现……就在你的左边。