（九）连词的误用
1．并列连词的误用
（1）and的误用
错句1
Five minutes earlier, then we could have caught the last train.
Five minutes earlier, and we could have caught the last train.
如果提前五分钟，我们就能赶上最后这班火车了。
解析 如正确句子所示，and可在一个句子或短语之后引出另一个句子，表示结果。
类例
Do that again, then I will call a policeman!
Do that again, and I will call a policeman!
你再那么干我就喊警察了！
错句2
Go to help him.
Go and help him.
去帮帮他吧。
解析 如正确句子所示，and用于连接come, go, stay, try等动词，引出另一个动词，表示目的。此时不用不定式符号to。
错句3
It is a very important exam but I can't afford to fail it.
It is a very important exam and I can't afford to fail it.
这是一次非常重要的考试，所以我决不能失败。
解析 该句中的两个分句之间不是转折关系，而是因果关系。and可以表示结果，再如：“She was sick and took some medicine.(她觉得不舒服，所以吃了点药。)”
（2）but的误用
错句4
He didn't even listen to her, and turned around and left.
He didn't even listen to her, but turned around and left.
他连听都不听她的，转身就走了。
解析 如正确句子所示，but表示对比和转折。
（3）or的误用
错句5
She couldn't remember who she was and where she lived.
She couldn't remember who she was or where she lived.
她想不起自己是谁，住在哪儿。
解析 如正确句子所示，or的用法之一是在否定句中表示延续否定，意思是“也不”，此时不能用and或as well as。
类例
He went to Beijing in a hurry without telling his father and mother.
He went to Beijing in a hurry without telling his father or mother.
他没告诉父母就匆匆去了北京。
I didn't listen to the weather forecast as well as the news report this morning.
I didn't listen to the weather forecast or the news report this morning.
今天早上，我既没听天气预报，也没听新闻报道。
There are people without homes, jobs and family.
There are people without homes, jobs or family.
有人既无房屋，也无工作，又无家庭。
（4）for的误用
错句6
For he brought news of our families, we listened eagerly.
We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.
我们急不可待地听着，因为他带来了我们家人的消息。
解析 并列连词for通常表示原因，它所引导的分句不能位于句首，而且前面必须有逗号。以上两句中的for都可以换作从属连词because，因为because引导的从句没有位置上的限制。但是，需要注意的是，两者除了位置上的区别之外，for不能回答以why开头的特殊疑问句。另外，for有时还可以对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断，如：“She must have gone out early, for she had not shown up at breakfast. (她一定是一早就出去了，因为她吃早饭时不在。)”
（5）as well as的误用
错句7
The music school students study music as well as other subjects.
The music school students study other subjects as well as music.
音乐学校的学生不仅学音乐，也学其他课程。
解析 A as well as B的意思是“不仅B，而且A”。
（6）both...and的误用
错句8
This word may be used both as a verb as well as a noun.
This word may be used both as a verb and as a noun.
这个词既可用作动词，又可用作名词。
2．从属连词的误用
（1）that的误用
错句9
One reason why women live longer than men after retirement is because women can continue to do something they are used to doing.
One reason why women live longer than men after retirement is that women can continue to do something they are used to doing.
退休之后，女人比男人长寿的一个原因是，女人能够继续做某些自己习惯做的事情。
解析 because可以用来引导表语从句，如：“It may be because he is too young.(这可能是因为他太年轻了。)”但是，如正确句子所示，当reason作主语时，表语从句须用that引导。
类例
The reason why he was late is because he didn't catch the early bus.
The reason why he was late is that he didn't catch the early bus.
他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。
错句10
I never doubted whether she would win.
I never doubted that she would win.
我从未怀疑她会取胜。
解析 如正确句子所示，当doubt用于否定句时，后面跟that引导的宾语从句。另外，当doubt用于疑问句时，也只能用that。
类例
Can you doubt whether he is qualified for the job?
Can you doubt that he is qualified for the job?
你会怀疑他能否胜任这个工作吗？
错句11
The hard truth, which Mary was killed in a car accident, was a great shock to her parents.
The hard truth, that Mary was killed in a car accident, was a great shock to her parents.
玛丽在车祸中丧生，这一残酷的事实使她父母十分震惊。
解析 如正确句子所示，同位语从句表示与之同位的名词(如fact, news, idea，hope, truth等)的实际内容，通常由that引导，而which不能引导同位语从句。
类例
Any proposals which Jack should be dismissed must be resisted.
Any proposals that Jack should be dismissed must be resisted.
必须反对开除杰克的任何提议。
Suddenly the thought came to him which he could go blind.
Suddenly the thought came to him that he could go blind.
他突然想到自己可能失明。
（2）when的误用
错句12
While the two reappeared after being absent for over a month, everyone was surprised to find them so little changed.
When the two reappeared after being absent for over a month, everyone was surprised to find them so little changed.
当这两个人在失踪一个多月之后重新出现的时候，每一个人都惊奇地发现，他们几乎没有什么变化。
解析 while和when都可以表示主句动作的发生背景，在表示持续性动作时可以换用，如：“He fell asleep while/when he was doing his homework.(他做作业时睡着了。)”错句中的while之所以须改为when，是因为while不能表示非持续性动作。
类例
Riding on the swings and playing with ducks in the pond were our children's greatest pleasures while we took them to the park.
Riding on the swings and playing with ducks in the pond were our children's greatest pleasures when we took them to the park.
我们带孩子去公园时，荡秋千和在池塘里同鸭子玩耍是他们最大的乐趣。
错句13
I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave until something occurred which attracted my attention.
I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave when something occurred which attracted my attention.
我感到有些失望，正要离开的时候，发生了引起我注意的情况。
解析 如正确句子所示，when的一个重要用法是，它所引导的从句包含新的或主要的信息，主句包含的则是已知的或次要的信息。此时，从句总是位于主句之后，其谓语动词为一般过去时。
类例
I was about to ask after his wife suddenly I remembered that they were getting a divorce.
I was about to ask after his wife when I suddenly remembered that they were getting a divorce.
我正要问候他妻子，突然想起他们正在闹离婚。
（3）before的误用
错句14
They had talked only for a few minutes until they found they were of different opinions.
They had talked only for a few minutes before they found they were of different opinions.
他们没谈上几分钟就发现彼此的看法不同。
解析 在正确句子中，before作“没……就”解。
类例
She slipped out since I could talk to her.
She slipped out before I could talk to her.
没等我跟她说话她就溜走了。
I hadn't waited long when he came.
I hadn't waited long before he came.
我没等多久他就来了。
（4）since的误用
错句15
It has been five years when we graduated.
It has been five years since we graduated.
我们毕业已经5年了。
解析 如正确句子所示，在“it+be+一段时间”形式的主句后的状语从句须用since引导。
类例
It has been quite a long time that the two companies established a business relationship.
It has been quite a long time since the two companies established a business relationship.
这两家公司建立起业务关系已经好长时间了。
It is two months that I left Germany.
It is two months since I left Germany.
我离开德国两个月了。
解析 下面这个“it+be+一段时间+ago+that从句”形式的句子是强调句：“It was two months ago that I left Germany.(我是两个月前离开德国的。)”
（5）hardly...when的误用
错句16
Hardly had she sat down than the telephone rang.
Hardly has she sat down when the telephone rang.
她刚坐下电话就响了。
解析 关联从属连词hardly/barely/scarcely...when的意思是“刚……就”，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。如正确句子所示，当hardly/barely/scarcely位于句首时，从句为倒装语序。no sooner...than与其意思和用法相同。
类例
The door had hardly opened than the crowd rushed in.
The door had hardly opened when the crowd rushed in.
门一开人们就冲了进去。
（6）no sooner...than的误用
错句17
No sooner had the hikers set out on their trip when it began to rain heavily.
No sooner had the hikers set out on their trip than it began to rain heavily.
这些徒步旅行者刚踏上旅途就开始下起了大雨。
解析 从属连词no sooner...than的意思是“刚……就”，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。如正确句子所示，当no sooner位于句首时，从句为倒装语序。hardly/barely/scarcely...when与其意思和用法相同。
类例
He had no sooner come when the party ended.
He had no sooner come than the party ended.
他刚来聚会就结束了。
（7）whether的误用
错句18
In those circumstances, it is difficult to know if we should approach the child directly or the parent first.
In those circumstances, it is difficult to know whether we should approach the child directly or the parent first.
在这些情况下，很难知道我们应该直接和孩子接触，还是应该先和孩子的父母接触。
解析 引导宾语从句的whether通常可以换作if，如：“He asked whether/if we wanted a drink.(他问我们是否要喝点东西。)”但是，如正确句子所示，当与or not连用时，只能用whether。另外，当从句为介词动词的宾语时，也只能用whether。
类例
He asked me if he could go with me or not.
He asked me whether he could go with me or not.
他问我能不能跟我一起去。
错句19
Everything depends on if we have enough time.
Everything depends on whether we have enough time.
一切都取决于我们是否有足够的时间。
解析 如正确句子所示，当从句为介词动词的宾语时，从句不能用if引导，只能用whether。
错句20
If the sports meet will be held on time depends on the weather.
Whether the sports meet will be held on time depends on the weather.
运动会能否如期举行取决于天气。
解析 如正确句子所示，if不能引导主语从句，此时只能用whether。
错句21
The question is if the movie is worth seeing.
The question is whether the movie is worth seeing.
问题是这个电影是否值得看。
解析 如正确句子所示，if不能引导表语从句，此时只能用whether。
错句22
I doubt that the new one will be any better.
I doubt whether/if the new one will be any better.
我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好些。
解析 如正确句子所示，当doubt用于肯定句时，后面跟whether或if引导的宾语从句。
错句23
You will have to face the publicity, no matter you want to or not.
You will have to face the publicity, whether you want to or not.
不管你是否愿意，你都要面对公众。
解析 引导让步状语从句的从属连词之一是“no matter+疑问词(如what，who, where, how等)”，如：“No matter who rings, tell him I am out.(不管谁打来电话，告诉他我出去了。)”whether...or是另一种引导让步状语从句的连词，前面可以加no matter，使语气更强一些。
类例
I shall tell him the truth, no matter he likes it or not.
I shall tell him the truth, (no matter)whether he likes it or not.
不论他是否喜欢，我都要告诉他实情。
（8）as...as的误用
错句24
People in industrial countries can expect to live twice so long as people living a few hundred years ago.
People in industrial countries can expect to live twice as long as people living a few hundred years ago.
工业化国家的人的预期寿命可以比几百年前长一倍。
解析 如正确句子所示，as...as表示同等比较，主句中用形容词原级形式，而且前面可以有twice之类的修饰语。as...as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，而so... as仅用于否定句，如：“That's not so/as simple as it sounds.(那件事情不像听起来那么简单。)”
类例
Children are not so easy to please nowadays that they were in the past.
Children are not as easy to please nowadays as they were in the past.
现在的小孩没有以前那么容易哄了。
（9）as/so long as的误用
错句25
Our profits will be good as far as the dollar remains strong.
Our profits will be good as long as the dollar remains strong.
只要美元保持坚挺，我们的利润就会很可观。
解析 如正确句子所示，as long as (=so long as)作“只要，如果”解，引导条件状语从句。as far as是引导限制状语从句的连词，作“据……”或“就……”解，如：“He isn't coming today, as far as I know.(据我所知，他今天不来。)”
类例
As far as he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.
As long as he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力做，我不在乎他什么时候完成这个实验。
（10）unless的误用
错句26
No administrator or supervisor can enter the classroom except he/she is invited by a teacher.
No administrator or supervisor can enter the classroom unless he/she is invited by a teacher.
除非受到教师的邀请，管理人员或监督人员都不能进入教室。
解析 unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，作“如果不，除非”解。正确句子中的except是介词，不能引导状语从句。
类例
Don't promise anything in case you're 100 percent sure.
Don't promise anything unless you're 100 percent sure.
要是没有百分之百的把握，你什么也别承诺。
（11）if only的误用
错句27
The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me only if she could remember who last borrowed it.
The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me if only she could remember who last borrowed it.
流通工作台的那位年长的图书管理员许诺，只要她能想起是谁最后借的这本书，她就会把书给我。
解析 if only作“如果，只要”解，引导条件状语从句。它所引导的从句多使用虚拟语气。only if作“只有在……的情况下”解，它所引导的从句的主句为倒装语序，如：“Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom.(学生只有得到教师许可才能离开教室。)”
类例
Only if she would listen to what I was saying we might be able to sort out this problem.
If only she would listen to what I was saying we might be able to sort out this problem.
只要她肯听我说，我们就有可能解决这个问题。
（12）so...that的误用
错句28
Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to as it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to that it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
在一个人们用大量时间听别人说，几乎丧失了为自己说话的意愿和技能的社会里，对话变得软弱无力了。
解析 so...that作“如此……以致”解，引导结果状语从句。that在非正式文体中可以省略，so可修饰后面的限定词、形容词、副词或动词。
类例
toys. He adores very much his daughters that he keeps buying them expensive
He so adores his daughters that he keeps buying them expensive toys.
他非常疼爱女儿，老是给她们买贵重的玩具。
（13）such...that的误用
错句29
The camera was of so inferior quality that I took it back and asked for a better one.
The camera was of such inferior quality that I took it back and asked for a better one.
这台相机的质量很低劣，我把它送回去，要求换一台好些的。
解析 such...that引导结果状语从句时作“如此……以致”解，其具体内容是：such+(a/an)+(形容词)+名词+that。其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。在单数可数名词的情况下，so可替换such，但是位置不同，如：“He received such a great shock/so great a shock that he nearly passed out. (他受到非常大的打击，差点晕倒。)”
类例
There was so a long line at the exhibition that we had to wait for half an hour.
There was such a long line at the exhibition that we had to wait for half an hour.
展厅前排了很长的队，我们只得等了大约半个小时。
（14）although/though的误用
错句30
Despite he's only three, his mother dresses him in grown-up clothes.
Although/Though he's only three, his mother dresses him in grown-up clothes.
尽管他只有三岁，他母亲却给他穿成人的衣服。
解析 although和though都作“虽然，尽管”解，引导让步状语从句。两者通常可以换用，前者的语气较重。错句中的despite是介词，不能引导状语从句。
（15）even if的误用
错句31
Even you take a taxi, you'll still miss your train.
Even if you take a taxi, you'll still miss your train.
你就是乘出租车也还是要误火车。
解析 even if作“即使，纵然”解，引导让步状语从句，从句所表示的是尚未发生的情况。错句中的even是副词，不能引导状语从句。
类例
I should not have recognized the man if only you had told me his name.
I should not have recognized the man even if you had told me his name.
即使你告诉了我这名男子的名字，我也认不出他来。
（16）as if/as though的误用
错句32
It looks like it's going to rain.
It looks as if/as though it's going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
解析 as if和as though的用法相同，都作“好像，仿佛”解，引导方式状语从句。错句中的like是介词，不能引导状语从句。
类例
He behaved like nothing had happened.
He behaved as if/as though nothing had happened.
他装作若无其事的样子。
（17）as的误用
错句33
Air is to men like water is to fish.
Air is to men as water is to fish.
空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。
解析 如正确句子所示，as引导方式状语从句时作“如同，就像”解。错句中的like是介词，不能引导状语从句。
类例
Like you hate maths, so I dislike chemistry.
As you hate maths, so I dislike chemistry.
我不喜欢化学，就像你讨厌数学一样。
错句34
Strong although he is, he felt tired out after the long journey for eight hours.
Strong as he is, he felt tired out after the long journey for eight hours.
虽然身体强壮，但是八个小时的长途旅行之后，他还是感到累极了。
解析 如正确句子所示，as在引导让步状语从句时作“虽然，尽管”解，但是它不位于句首，它的前面是形容词、名词或副词。正确句子中的as可以换作though，但不能用although。
类例
Clever although she was, she could not conceal her eagerness for praise.
Clever as/though she was, she could not conceal her eagerness for praise.
她虽然很聪明，却无法掩饰急于受表扬的心情。