（八）介词的误用
1．表示方位的介词的误用
（1）in与to的误用
错句1
Africa is in the south of Europe.
Africa is to the south of Europe.
非洲位于欧洲的南面。
解析 to表示在某地范围之外。而in表示在某地范围之内，如：“Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.(上海在中国的东部。)”
（2）to与on的误用
错句2
Mongolia is/lies in the north of China.
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.
蒙古国位于中国北边。
解析 on表示与某地相邻或接壤。而in表示在某地范围之内，如：“Mexico is in the south of North America.(墨西哥位于北美洲的南面。)”
（3）for与to的误用
错句3
The ferry sailed to Southampton at 5:30.
The ferry sailed for Southampton at 5:30.
渡船5点30分驶往南安普顿。
解析 for和to都可表示目的地，但for仅表示去向，而to表示从出发至到达的全过程，如：“They went to Detroit yesterday.(他们昨天去底特律了。)”
（4）across与through的误用
错句4
It took them 9 hours to walk across the forest.
It took them 9 hours to walk through the forest.
他们用了9个小时穿过森林。
错句5
How long would it take to swim through the river?
How long would it take to swim across the river?
游过河要多长时间？
提示
across和through都表示“穿过”。across的对象是一个平面，如：a street, a square等。而through的对象是一个三维空间，如：a pipe, the crowds等。
（5）at与on的误用
错句6
We stopped on page 40.
We stopped at page 40.
我们在第40页上停了下来。
解析 at和on都可与某些名词搭配，如：at/on the farm, at/on the other side。其区别在于at表示“点”，on表示“面”，如：“It is reported on page 40.(这件事在第40页上有报道。)”
（6）in与on的误用
错句7
Some ducks were swimming in the ponds.
Some ducks were swimming on the ponds.
一些鸭子在池塘里游动。
错句8
There is a hole on the wall.
There is a hole in the wall.
墙上有个洞。
提示
如以上两句所示，on和in都可与某些名词搭配，如：on/in the bed, on/in the chair，on/in the sofa。其区别在于on表示在表面，in表示在空间内，再如：“The horses were drinking in the ponds.(这些马正在池塘里饮水。)”
错句9
There is a hotel in the corner of that street.
There is a hotel on the corner of that street.
在那条街的拐角处有一家旅馆。
解析 on a/the corner的意思是“在(街的)拐角”，此时on可以换作at。
错句10
The TV set stands on the corner of the room.
The TV set stands in the corner of the room.
电视机在房间的一角。
解析 in a/the corner的意思是“在角落里”，还可以作“在角上”解，如：“Put your address in the top right-hand corner of the page.(把你的地址写在这页的右上角。)”
错句11
Look, there are two sparrows on the tree.
Look, there are two sparrows in the tree.
瞧，树上有两只麻雀。
解析 通常，只有长在树上的东西才用on，如：“There are lots of apples on the tree.(树上长了好多苹果。)”否则，如正确句子所示，用介词in，再如：“The primitive built houses in the tree.(原始人在树上建房子。)”
错句12
I read the story on the newspaper yesterday.
I read the story in the newspaper yesterday.
我在昨天的报纸上看过这个报道。
解析 in a/the newspaper的意思是“在报纸上”，on a/the newspaper的意思是“在报社”，如：“She got a job on a national newspaper.(她在一家国家级报社找到一份工作。)”
（7）from与off的误用
错句13
He brushed the dirt from his jacket.
He brushed the dirt off his jacket.
他拂掉衣服上的灰尘。
解析 from与off都可以表示动作的起点，如：“He fell from/off the horse. (他从马上掉了下来。)”而如正确句子所示，off还表示“去除”的意思，再如：“You need to take the top off the bottle first.(你先得把瓶盖打开。)”
（8）above与over的误用
错句14
Put your coat above the chair.
Put your coat over the chair.
把你的外套放到椅子上。
解析 above和over都表示较高的方位，over往往表示垂直关系。两者有时可以换用，如：“The helicopter hovered above/over us.(那架直升机在我们头上盘旋。)”但是，above与其所涉及的对象之间必须有一段距离，而如正确句子所示，over还可以表示“覆盖”或“接触”的意思。
（9）below与under的误用
错句15
She put the letter below her pillow.
She put the letter under her pillow.
她把那封信放到枕头下。
解析 below和under都表示较低的方位，under往往表示垂直关系。两者有时可以换用，如：“The people below/under us are too noisy.(住在我们下面的那些人太吵了。)”但是，像above那样，below与其所涉及的对象之间必须有一段距离，而如正确句子所示，像over那样，under还可以表示“覆盖”或“接触”的意思。
（10）between与among的误用
错句16
Air New Zealand fly among New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, Singapore and the U.S.A.
Air New Zealand fly between New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, Singapore and the U.S.A.
新西兰航空公司的飞机飞行于新西兰、太平洋岛屿、新加坡和美国之间。
解析 between和among都表示“在……中间”。among的宾语是被视为整体的两个以上的人或物，如：“There is a little village among the mountains.(在群山中有一个小村庄。)”而如正确句子所示，between的宾语为被视为个体的两个或两个以上的人或物。
类例
Switzerland lies among France, Germany, Austria and Italy.
Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy.
瑞士位于法国、德国、奥地利和意大利之间。
（11）behind与after的误用
错句17
The flight had been very pleasant until a man sitting after me started to shout.
The flight had been very pleasant until a man sitting behind me started to shout.
直到坐在我后面的一名男子开始叫喊之前，这次空中航行一直很愉快。
解析 after可以作“在……之后”解，但它表示的是时间或顺序，如：“We will leave after his arrival.(他到达以后我们就离开。)”“Put the direct object after the verb. (把直接宾语放在动词之后。)”如正确句子所示，behind (=at the back of)表示的是位置。
2．表示时间的介词的误用
（1）at与by的误用
错句18
At the end of next month I'll have to read all these books.
By the end of next month I'll have to read all these books.
到下个月末，我将把所有这些书读完。
解析 at表示在某一个时刻，而by表示“不迟于”(not later than)。
类例
Can you finish the work at five o'clock?
Can you finish the work by five o'clock?
你5点钟前能完成工作吗？
（2）at与on的误用
错句19
At my return, I learnt that he had been at the museum and would not be back for several hours.
On my return, I learnt that he had been at the museum and would not be back for several hours.
我回来的时候得知，他一直在博物馆，而且几小时之内不会回来。
解析 如正确句子所示，on可以表示“紧随某一动作之后”的意思，作“一……就”(immediately after)解。而at则用于表示时间或时刻。
类例
At seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.
On seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.
看到自己造成的破坏，这个孩子感到很惭愧。
（3）in与on的误用
错句20
He was born in the morning of July the 15th,1998.
He was born on the morning of July the 15th,1998.
他出生于1998年7月15日的上午。
错句21
What are you going to do in Sunday evening?
What are you going to do on Sunday evening?
你准备星期天晚上做什么？
提示
如以上两句所示，在表示某一天的上午、下午或晚上时，须用on。
3．表示原因的介词的误用
（1）of与from的误用
错句22
My grandmother died from grief soon after her husband's death.
My grandmother died of grief soon after her husband's death.
我祖母在丈夫去世后不久就因悲痛而过世。
类例
In a severe winter, many wild animals can die from hunger.
In a severe winter, many wild animals can die of hunger.
在严冬，许多野生动物可能饿死。
错句23
In a severe winter, many wild animals can die of lack of food.
In a severe winter, many wild animals can die from lack of food.
在严冬，许多野生动物可能因缺少食物而死。
类例
The accident victim died of her injuries.
The accident victim died from her injuries.
事故中的伤者伤重死亡。
提示
如以上各句所示，在die之后，of表示直接的原因，如疾病、饥饿、痛苦等，再如：“He died of a heart attack.(他死于心脏病发作。)”from表示相对间接或意外的原因，如受伤、车祸、过劳等，再如：“He died from a wound/overwork/some unknown cause.(他由于受伤/过劳/某种不明原因而死。)”
（2）for与with的误用
错句24
He hung down his head with shame.
He hung down his head for shame.
他惭愧得低下了头。
类例
She could not speak with sorrow.
She could not speak for sorrow.
她悲痛得说不出话来。
错句25
The little boy was crying for pain after falling.
The little boy was crying with pain after falling.
小孩跌倒之后疼得大哭。
类例
They were trembling for fear/anger.
They were trembling with fear/anger.
他们吓得/气得直发抖。
She blushed for embarrassment.
She blushed with embarrassment.
她难为情地脸红了。
His fingers were numb for cold.
His fingers were numb with cold.
他的手指冻僵了。
The grass was wet for rain.
The grass was wet with rain.
草地被淋湿了。
提示
for和with都可以表示原因，在表示情感因素时，有时可以换用，如：“I could have shouted for/with joy.(我高兴得差点儿喊起来。)”“She flushed for/with delight.(她高兴得容光焕发。)”但是，如以上各句所示，它们的使用主要取决于搭配习惯。如最后两句所示，with表示原因时，句子的主语不仅可以是人，还可以是物(如句中的fingers和grass)。
4．表示手段和工具的介词的误用
（1）by与with的误用
错句26
Kindness is the golden chain with which society is bound together.
Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.
善良是联结社会的金链条。
解析 如正确句子所示，by用于表示手段，再如：send a message by email(用电子邮件发送信息)。而with表示工具，如：“He broke the window with a stone. (他用石头把玻璃砸破了。)”
类例
You can reserve the tickets with phone.
You can reserve the tickets by phone.
你可以电话订票。
May I pay with check?
May I pay by check?
我可以用支票付款吗？
（2）in与with的误用
错句27
The criminal always paid with cash so that the police could not track him down.
The criminal always paid in cash so that the police could not track him down.
为了使警察无法追踪到自己，该罪犯总是付现款。
解析 如正确句子所示，in表示手段，再如：“Please write it in French.(请用法语写。)”with表示工具，如：“I managed to beat the dog off with a stick.(我设法用棍子把狗打跑了。)”
类例
She spoke with such a low voice that I couldn't hear her at all.
She spoke in such a low voice that I couldn't hear her at all.
她说话的声音太小，我根本听不见。
错句28
A message was written with pencil on his pad.
A message was written in pencil on his pad.
他的便笺本上用铅笔写了一条信息。
解析 在正确句子中，in表示材料，名词之前为零冠词，再如：fill the form in ink(用钢笔填表)。with表示工具，名词之前用定冠词、不定冠词或其他限定词，如：draw with a pencil(用铅笔画)。
（3）on与by的误用
错句29
You can't do a hard day's work by a cup of coffee and a slice of toast.
You can't do a hard day's work on a cup of coffee and a slice of toast.
你无法靠一杯咖啡和一片面包去做一天的辛苦工作。
类例
He found it difficult to live by his salary.
He found it difficult to live on his salary.
他发现难以靠自己的工资生活。
错句30
She earns her living on selling insurance.
She earns her living by selling insurance.
她以销售保险为生。
提示
on和by都表示“靠”的意思，on用于表示具体对象，再如：“Can we exist on bread and water? (我们能否靠面包和水生存？)”“Small birds live mainly on insects.(小鸟主要靠食昆虫为生。)”by表示手段，再如：“I sent the parcel by air mail.(我航空邮寄了这个包裹。)”“I knew by his appearance that he was not English.(我通过面貌知道他不是英国人。)”
5．表示材料的of与from的误用
错句31
The salad is made from potatoes, tomatoes and cucumbers.
The salad is made of potatoes, tomatoes and cucumbers.
沙拉是用土豆、西红柿和黄瓜做的。
类例
What's your shirt made from?
What's your shirt made of?
你的衬衣是什么料子做的？
错句32
Nylon is made of air, coal and water.
Nylon is made from air, coal and water.
尼龙是由空气、煤和水制成的。
类例
Wine is made of grapes.
Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是用葡萄做的。
提示
be made of表示制成品仍保持材料原有的性质，再如：“Are these shoes made of leather? (这些鞋是皮革做的吗？)”be made from多用于表示制成品已经失去材料原有的性质，再如：“They said cement couldn't be made from chalk.(他们说水泥不能用白垩制成。)”
6．表示状态的介词的误用
（1）in与on的误用
错句33
Cotton production has been in the decline these years.
Cotton production has been on the decline these years.
棉花生产这些年来一直在下降。
错句34
He is now on a difficult position.
He is now in a difficult position.
他现在处境艰难。
提示
in和on都可表示状态，但各自有不同的搭配，再如：on business(出差), on holiday/vacation(度假), on sale(供出售), on loan(已借出)。“Unemployment is on the increase. (失业人口在增加。)”in doubt(感到怀疑), in a bad mood(心情不好), in disorder(乱七八糟), in power(掌权)。“The house is in good repair.(这所房子保养得很好。)”
（2）in与under的误用
错句35
The hotel is still in construction.
The hotel is still under construction.
这家饭店还在建设中。
解析 in和under都可表示状态，但各自有不同的搭配，再如与under的搭配：“The matter is under investigation/discussion/review/consideration.(这件事正在调查/讨论/复查/考虑中。)”“I'm now under the doctor's treatment.(我正在接受医生的治疗。)”“At last we brought the fire under control.(我们终于控制住了火势。)”
7．表示排除和增加的介词的误用
（1）except与besides的误用
错句36
I can take my holidays at any time besides in August.
I can take my holidays at any time except in August.
除了8月，我什么时候休假都可以。
解析 如正确句子所示，except表示从整体中除去某一部分，再如：“Everyone was tired except Tom.(除了汤姆之外，大家都累了。)”besides表示“除……外，还”，如：“Do you play any other sports besides golf? (除了打高尔夫，你还参加其他体育活动吗？)”
错句37
We have lots of things in common except music.
We have lots of things in common besides music.
除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。
解析 如正确句子所示，besides表示“除……外，还”。except表示从整体中除去某一部分，如：“I like all green vegetables except cucumber.(除了黄瓜以外，我喜欢所有的绿色蔬菜。)”
提示
1．上述except和besides的区别仅限于肯定句。在否定句中，两者有时可以换用，如：“No one passed except/besides Richard.(除了理查德，没有人及格。)”“I care for nothing except/besides this.(除了这个，我什么都不想要。)”
2. except和besides的宾语有所不同。除了名词和代词之外，except的宾语还可以是介词短语、不定式和从句，如：“He never came except when he was in trouble.(他没有困难时从不来。)”besides的宾语还可以是动名词，如：“Besides knowing some French, he is fluent in Italian.(除了懂点法语之外，他的意大利语还很流利。)”因此，两者在否定句中的换用就仅限于宾语为名词和代词的情况。
（2）except与except for的误用
错句38
The room was dark except a dim light above his desk.
The room was dark except for a dim light above his desk.
屋里黑乎乎的，只有他桌子上面的一盏暗淡的灯。
解析 except for的一种用法与except相同，如：“He answered all the questions except (for)the last one.(除了最后一个，他回答了所有问题。)”但是，如正确句子所示，except for的另一个用法是对句子所述情况进行补充或修正，再如：“Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.(这辆公共汽车是空的，只有一位老太太在里面。)”
提示
当except后跟名词性从句时，也可以起到except for的上述作用，如：“His answer is right except that the accents are omitted(=except for the omission of accents).(他的答案是正确的，只是漏掉了重音。)”
错句39
She would leave her husband except the children.
She would leave her husband except for the children.
要不是因为孩子，她会离开丈夫。
解析 如正确句子所示，except for不同于except的一个意思是“要不是(因为)”，再如：“I would join you except for my headache.(要不是头疼的话，我会和你们在一起。)”
（3）other than与rather than的误用
错句40
It is said that in no country rather than Britain can one experience four seasons during a single day.
It is said that in no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons during a single day.
据说，除了在英国，人们在任何国家都不可能在一天中经历四个季节。
解析 在正确句子中，other than作“除了……以外”解，再如：“You can't get there other than by boat.(除了乘船，你无法去那里。)”rather than作“而不是”解，如：“The color seems green rather than blue.(这种颜色似乎是绿色，而不是蓝色。)”
错句41
Young adults other than older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.
Young adults rather than older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.
青年人，而不是老年人，更有可能喜欢流行音乐。
解析 在正确句子中，rather than作“而不(是)”解，再如：“Why didn't you ask for help rather than trying to do it on your own? (你干吗要自己干，而不请人帮忙？)”other than作“除了……以外”解，如：“There was nothing to do other than wait.(除了等待，别无他事可做。)”
8．表示量度和标准的介词的误用
（1）by与for的误用
错句42
House prices went up for 10%last year.
House prices went up by 10%last year.
去年房价上涨了10%。
解析 如正确句子所示，by表示幅度和数量，再如：“The number of overseas visitors expanded by 27%.(外国游客的数量增加了27%。)”而for则是用于表示时间或距离的长度，如：stay for two hours(待两个小时), walk for 10 miles(走10英里)。
类例
They overcharged me for 30 dollars.
They overcharged me by 30 dollars.
他们多收了我30美元。
He is older for five years than Tom.
He is older by five years than Tom.
他比汤姆大5岁。
（2）at与for的误用
错句43
Eggs are sold for 96 cents a dozen here.
Eggs are sold at 96 cents a dozen here.
这里的鸡蛋96美分一打。
解析 如正确句子所示，at表示价格和数额，再如：“They are sold at (a price of)20 cents each.(它们每个卖20美分。)”“The interest is at 8 per cent.(利息为8%。)”此外，它还可表示速度、年龄等，如：“It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.(它以每小时900千米的速度飞行。)”
类例
I bought his car for a high price.
I bought his car at a high price.
我花高价买下他的汽车。
Their electricity was charged for 80 cents per day.
Their electricity was charged at 80 cents per day.
他们每天被收80美分的电费。
错句44
They sold their house at 300,000 dollars.
They sold their house for 300,000 dollars.
他们的房子卖了30万美元。
解析 如正确句子所示，for表示通过支付的交换关系，再如：“I paid twenty dollars for the bag.(我花了20美元买了这个包。)”
类例
You can get a good room at a hotel at 80 pounds a day.
You can get a good room at a hotel for 80 pounds a day.
每天80英镑，你可以在旅馆住上很好的房间。
I bought it from a friend at 50 dollars.
I bought is from a friend for 50 dollars.
我花50美元从朋友那里买的它。
9．表示比例关系的in与of的误用
错句45
One child of twenty suffers from this disease.
One child in twenty suffers from this disease.
每20个儿童中就有一个患这种疾病。
类例
The chances of seeing a helicopter in my hometown are one of a million.
The chances of seeing a helicopter in my hometown are one in a million.
在我们家乡，看到直升机的机会是微乎其微的。
Two of three Americans now live in cities.
Two in three Americans now live in cities.
三个美国人中有两个现在住在城市。
错句46
In the nine who had come three were girls.
Of the nine who had come three were girls.
来的九个人中有三个是女孩。
类例
In the 42 students,38 have passed the exam.
Of the 42 students,38 have passed the exam.
42个学生中，38个考试及格了。
提示
in和of都可表示“在……中”的意思。如上面的句子所示，in用于表示平均意义上的比例，of用于表示实际数量上的比例。
10．介词动词中介词的误用
(1)“动词+介词”结构中介词的误用
错句47
Look at the photo and you'll find Susan takes to her mother.
Look at the photo and you'll find Susan takes after her mother.
要是看看这张照片，你就会发现苏珊像她妈妈。
解析 take to的意思是“(开始)喜欢”，如：“Did the children take to him? (孩子们喜欢上他了吗？)”如正确句子所示，take after的意思是“与(父母等长辈)相像”。
错句48
Nobody should boast for his leaning.
Nobody should boast of his leaning.
谁都不应该夸耀自己的学识。
解析 boast for不是介词动词，如：“The wealth he had boasted for years turned out to be the emperor's clothes.(他吹嘘了许多年的财富被证明是皇帝的新衣。)”如正确句子所示，boast of的意思是“吹嘘，夸耀”。
错句49
We must guard from bad habits.
We must guard against bad habits.
我们必须预防坏习惯。
解析 guard from不是介词动词，而是短语介词动词，如：“Many parents guard their children from any danger.(许多父母保护自己的孩子远离任何危险。)”如正确句子所示，guard against的意思是“戒备，避免，预防”。
错句50
A good friend is one who will stand for you when you are in trouble.
A good friend is one who will stand by you when you are in trouble.
好朋友是在你遇到困难时支持你的人。
解析 stand for的意思是“象征，主张，忍受”等，如：“The olive branch stands for peace.(橄榄枝象征和平。)”
错句51
My younger brother is applying to a scholarship.
My younger brother is applying for a scholarship.
我弟弟正在申请一份奖学金。
解析 apply to的意思是“向……提出申请”，如：“They applied to the government for financial help.(他们向政府申请资金援助。)”如正确句子所示，apply for的意思是“申请得到”。
错句52
A well-written composition call on good choice of words and clear organization among other things.
A well-written composition call for good choice of words and clear organization among other things.
一篇写得好的作文，除了要满足别的条件以外，还要求选词得当和结构清晰。
解析 call on和call for都有“要求”的意思，前者的用法是“call on sb.to do sth.”。它也有“请求”的意思，如：“The congress has called on the President to answer these charges.(国会要求总统答复这些责问。)”后者的用法是“call for sth.”。如正确句子所示，它有“需要”的意思。
错句53
Prices fall in times of deflation, and this results from a rise in the demand for goods.
Prices fall in times of deflation, and this results in a rise in the demand for goods.
通货紧缩时物价下降，这导致了对商品需求的增长。
解析 result from的意思是“起因于，原因是”，如：“His success resulted from his constant effort.(他成功的原因是不懈的努力。)”如正确句子所示，result in的意思是“导致，结果是”。
错句54
Wisdom differs with cunning.
Wisdom differs from cunning.
智慧不同于奸诈。
解析 differ with (sb.)的意思是“与(某人)有分歧”，如：“I differ with him in that matter.(在那件事上，我与他有分歧。)”如正确句子所示，differ from (sth.)的意思是“与……不同”。
错句55
That shop deals with men's clothes.
That shop deals in men's clothes.
那家商店经营男装。
解析 deal with (sb.)的意思是“处理，对付，论述，涉及”，如：“I need a book dealing with anti-pollution problems.(我需要一本论述防污染问题的书。)”如正确句子所示，deal in的意思是“经营，买卖”。
错句56
You should not interfere with other people's arguments.
You should not interfere in other people's arguments.
你不应该干预其他人的争论。
解析 interfere with的意思是“干扰，妨碍”，如：“The sound of the TV set upstairs interfered with my work.(楼上电视机的声音妨碍我的工作。)”如正确句子所示，interfere in的意思是“干涉，干预”。
错句57
Why do you persist on blaming yourself for what happened?
Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened?
你何必为已经发生的事没完没了地自责呢？
解析 如正确句子所示，persist in的意思是“顽强地坚持，执着地做”。persist on不是介词动词，错句可能是把它误作同义的介词动词insist on。
错句58
The truck went out of control and crashed with the back of a bus.
The truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus.
货车失控，撞上一辆公共汽车的尾部。
解析 crash with不是介词动词。表示“(把)交通工具与……相撞”，须用crash into，再如：“He crashed his car into the wall.(他把汽车撞到墙上。)”
错句59
I promise to look about the matter as soon as I get back to the head office.
I promise to look into the matter as soon as I get back to the head office.
我保证一回到总部就立即调查这件事。
解析 look about不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，look into的意思是“调查，审查”。
错句60
He has got everything he ever dreamed for.
He has got everything he ever dreamed about/of.
他得到了自己所渴望的一切。
解析 dream for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，dream about/of的意思是“渴望，向往”。另外，它还表示“梦见”，如：“I dreamed about/of my grandma last night.(我昨晚梦见了奶奶。)”
错句61
This test consists in a number of multiple choice of questions.
This test consists of a number of multiple choice of questions.
这次测验由一些多项选择题组成。
解析 consist in的意思是“在于，存在于”，如：“The beauty of this picture consists in the balance of colors.(这幅画的美在于色彩协调。)”如正确句子所示，consist of的意思是“由……组成”。
错句62
“Do you like the plans for the class project?” “Not entirely.I don't approve for some of them.”
“Do you like the plans for the class project?” “Not entirely.I don't approve of some of them.”
“你喜欢为班级课题制订的这些计划吗？”“不完全喜欢。其中有一些我不赞成。”
解析 approve for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，approve of的意思是“批准，同意”。
错句63
Can anybody think about a way to raise money?
Can anybody think of a way to raise money?
有人能想出筹款的办法吗？
解析 think about的意思是“认为，考虑”，如：“—What did you think about the idea? (你原先认为这个主意怎样？)—I can't tell you now; I'll have to think about it.(我现在不能告诉你，我得考虑一下。)”如正确句子所示，think of的意思是“想出”，它还有“想起，记得”等意思，如：“I can't think of where I met him.(我不记得在哪儿见过他。)”
错句64
She is always complaining for her heavy schoolwork.
She is always complaining about/of her heavy schoolwork.
她总是抱怨作业负担重。
解析 complain for不是介词动词。complain的宾语可以是that引导的从句，如：“He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated.(他愤懑地抱怨自己受到不公平待遇。)”但是，当宾语为名词或代词时，如正确句子所示，后面须跟about/of。
错句65
The date and the site need to be agreed to.
The date and the site need to be agreed on.
时间和地点需要商量决定。
解析 agree to的意思是“同意，答应”，如：“Is he going to agree to our plan? (他会同意我们的计划吗？)”如正确句子所示，agree on的意思是“对……取得一致意见”。
错句66
We insisted to a refund of the full amount.
We insisted on a refund of the full amount.
我们坚决要求全额退款。
解析 insist to不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，insist on的意思是“坚决要求”。它还有“坚持说”的意思，如：“He insisted on his innocence.(他坚持说自己是清白的。)”
错句67
The manager needs an assistant that he can count for to take care of problems in his absence.
The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.
经理需要一名助手，靠他在自己不在时处理各种问题。
解析 count for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，count on的意思是“依靠，指望”，再如：“I'm counting on you to help me.(我就靠你帮我了。)”
错句68
Look over your examination paper before you hand it in.
Look through your examination paper before you hand it in.
把试卷检查一下再上交。
解析 look over的意思是“察看(以便了解事物的具体情况)”，如：“We looked over the house again before we decided to rent it.(我们又看了一次那房子才决定租用的。)”如正确句子所示，look through的意思是“快速查看，浏览”，再如：“I only looked through some trade journals.(我只是翻阅了几本贸易杂志。)”
错句69
The bank manger has agreed with our request for a loan.
The bank manger has agreed to our request for a loan.
银行经理答应了我们的贷款请求。
解析 agree with的意思是“同意，与……一致”，如：“I agree with her analysis of the situation.(我同意她对形势的分析。)”“Your account of the accident does not agree with hers.(你对事故的叙述与她的叙述不一致。)”如正确句子所示，agree to的意思是“应允，答应”。
错句70
Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes contributes for the increase of cancers.
Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes contributes to the increase of cancers.
医学研究表明，普遍性的吸烟助长癌症的增加。
解析 contribute for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，contribute to的意思是“有助于，导致”，再如：“Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.(新鲜空气和运动有助于身体健康。)”
错句71
We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield in any military threat.
We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.
我们热爱和平，但是我们绝非那种屈服于军事威胁的人。
解析 yield in不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，yield to的意思是“屈服于，顺从于”，再如：“She yielded to temptation and had another chocolate.(她禁不住诱惑，又吃了一块巧克力。)”
错句72
All men must die, but death can vary in its significance.
All men must die, but death can vary with its significance.
每个人都会死去，但是，死亡会因意义的不同而各异。
解析 vary in的意思是“在……方面不同”，如：“The students'work varies considerably in quality.(学生们作业的质量甚是参差不齐。)”vary with的意思是“依据……情况而变化”，再如：“The menu varies with the season.(菜单随季节而变动。)”
(2)“动词+名词+介词”结构中介词的误用
错句73
You can exchange your currency with dollars in the hotel.
You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.
你可在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。
解析 exchange...with表示“与(某人)交换”，如：“He shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.(他和经理握手，相互交谈了几句。)”如正确句子所示，exchange...for表示“把(某物)换成”。
错句74
I prefer jazz than rock music.
I prefer jazz to rock music.
我喜欢爵士乐胜过摇滚乐。
解析 prefer...than不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，prefer A to B的意思是“喜欢A胜过B”或“认为A比B更好”。
错句75
Mrs.Smith's wallet was robbed from her on her way home.
Mrs.Smith's wallet was robbed of her on her way home.
回家路上，史密斯夫人的钱包被抢了。
解析 rob...from不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，表示“抢劫/剥夺/盗取某人的某物”时用rob sb.of sth．表示。另外，rob的宾语还可以是物，如：“The tomb had been robbed of its treasures.(这座坟墓里的财宝早已被盗。)”
错句76
Some unemployed men accused women for taking their jobs.
Some unemployed men accused women of taking their jobs.
有些失业的男人责怪妇女抢去了他们的工作。
解析 accuse...for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，accuse sb.of (doing)sth.表示“指责/控告某人(做)某事”，再如：“The government was accused of incompetence.(政府被指责无能。)”
错句77
He wrote to congratulate me for my success.
He wrote to congratulate me on my success.
他写信来祝贺我的成功。
解析 congratulate...for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，表示“因……而祝贺”须用congratulate...on，再如：“We congratulated her on the birth of her daughter.(我们祝贺她生了个女儿。)”
错句78
You can always substitute tofu with meat, if you like.
You can always substitute tofu for meat, if you like.
如果喜欢，你可以总是用豆腐代替肉。
解析 substitute A for B和substitute A with B都是介词动词，但是意思不同：前者的意思是“用A替换B”；后者的意思是“用B替换A”。据此，错句的意思是：如果喜欢，你可以总是用肉代替豆腐。
错句79
Why should you deprive yourself from such simple pleasure?
Why should you deprive yourself of such simple pleasure?
你为什么连这样简单的娱乐都不让自己享受一下呢？
解析 deprive...from不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，deprive...of的意思是“使……丧失，剥夺”，再如：“The accident deprived him of his sight and the use of his legs.(这场事故使他丧失了视力，再也不能使用自己的双腿。)”
错句80
I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be derived of it.
I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be derived from it.
我似乎得出了一个令人很沮丧的结论，不过我觉得可能会从中得到一些令人高兴的东西。
解析 derive...of不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，derive...from的意思是“从……中得到”，再如：“He derived great pleasure from painting.(他从绘画中获得极大的乐趣。)”
错句81
He resigned after being suspected for theft.
He resigned after being suspected of theft.
他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后便辞职了。
解析 suspect...for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，suspect sb.of (doing) sth．的意思是“怀疑某人有某种行为”，再如：“She suspected them of favoring the demonstrators.(她怀疑他们支持示威者。)”
错句82
The secret agent concealed her real mission, therefore many local people were deceived to thinking that she was a good person.
The secret agent concealed her real mission, therefore many local people were deceived into thinking that she was a good person.
这名特务隐瞒了自己的真实使命，因此许多当地人受骗，以为她是个好人。
解析 deceive...to不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，deceive sb.into doing sth．的意思是“欺骗某人做某事”，再如：“She deceived him into handing over all his savings.(她把他所有的积蓄都骗了出来。)”
错句83
In Britain, and on the Continent too, the Japanese are sometimes viewed for a threat to domestic industries.
In Britain, and on the Continent too, the Japanese are sometimes viewed as a threat to domestic industries.
在英国，日本人有时被看作是对国内工业的一种威胁，在欧洲大陆也是如此。
错句84
He will agree to do what you require for him.
He will agree to do what you require of him.
他会同意去做你要求他做的事。
解析 require...for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，require sth.of sb．的意思是“要求某人做某事或拥有某物”，再如：“What exactly is required of a receptionist? (接待员的职责到底是什么？)”
错句85
No doctor could cure the patient from his strange disease.
No doctor could cure the patient of his strange disease.
哪个医生也治不了这个病人的怪病。
解析 cure...from不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，cure sb.of sth．的意思是“治愈某人的某种病”，再如：“This medicine will cure you of your cough.(这种药能治好你的咳嗽。)”
错句86
He warned me of pickpockets.
He warned me against pickpockets.
他提醒我注意提防小偷。
解析 warn sb.of sth．的意思是“提醒某人可能发生的事”，如：“They warned us of possible delays on the way.(他们提醒我们路上可能交通受阻。)”如正确句子所示，warn sb.against sb./sth．的意思是“提醒某人注意提防某人或可能发生的事”。
错句87
She blamed the failure of their marriage to her father.
She blamed the failure of their marriage on her father.
她将婚姻的失败归咎于自己的父亲。
解析 blame...to不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，blame sth.on sb./sth．的意思是“把某个情况归咎于某人/某物”，再如：“Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.(警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。)”
错句88
They treated me with some ice cream yesterday.
They treated me to some ice cream yesterday.
他们昨天请我吃冰激凌。
解析 treat sb./sth.with sth．的意思是“以某种态度对待某人或某物”，如：“He treats people with respect.(他对人尊敬。)”如正确句子所示，treat sb.to sth．的意思是“用某物招待某人”，再如：“She treated him to lunch.(她请他吃午饭。)”
错句89
To our delight, she adapted herself with the new conditions.
To our delight, she adapted herself to the new conditions.
令我们高兴的是，她使自己适应了新环境。
解析 adapt...with不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，adapt...to的意思是“使适应”，再如：“All of us must adapt expenses to income.(我们都必须量入为出。)”
错句90
The heart is often compared with a pump.
The heart is often compared to a pump.
心脏常常被比作一个泵。
解析 compare A with B的意思是“把A与B相比”，如：“If we compare French schools with British schools, we will find there are many differences.(如果把法国学校和英国学校相比较，我们会发现有许多不同之处。)”如正确句子所示，compare A to B的意思是“把A比作B”，再如：“Poets have compared sleep to death.(诗人把睡眠比作死亡。)”
错句91
It is not a good idea to replace meals for snacks.
It is not a good idea to replace meals with snacks.
不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是好主意。
解析 replace...for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，replace...with的意思是“用……代替/取代”。
错句92
Many companies provide their employees for free lunch during the weekdays.
Many companies provide their employees with free lunch during the weekdays.
许多公司在工作日为雇员提供免费午餐。
解析 用provide表示“为某人提供某物”有两种方式：“provide sb.with sth.”和“provide sth.for sb.”。据此，该句可改写成：“Many companies provide free lunch for their employees during the weekdays.”
错句93
I found it difficult to reconcile my career ambitions to the need to bring up my children.
I found it difficult to reconcile my career ambitions with the need to bring up my children.
我发现很难兼顾自己的事业心与抚养孩子的需要。
解析 如正确句子所示，reconcile sth.with sth．的意思是“使两种事物和谐一致”，再如：“How do you reconcile your political principles with your religious belief? (你如何使自己的政治原则与宗教信仰相协调？)”reconcile sb./oneself to sth．的意思是“使甘心于某种情况”，如：“The child could not reconcile himself to failure.(这个孩子不甘心失败。)”
错句94
I was impressed for the efficiency of the work done in the company.
I was impressed with the efficiency of the work done in the company.
该公司的工作效率给我留下深刻的印象。
解析 impress...for不是介词动词。如正确句子所示，impress sb.with sth．的意思是“以某物给某人深刻印象”，再如：“He impressed her with his sincerity.(他的真诚打动了她。)”
11．短语介词动词中介词的误用
错句95
More than two hundred years ago, the United States broke away with the British Empire and became an independent country.
More than two hundred years ago, the United States broke away from the British Empire and became an independent country.
二百多年前，美国脱离大英帝国，成为一个独立的国家。
错句96
Mary found it difficult to stand out for Jim's father when he disapproved of their marriage.
Mary found it difficult to stand out to Jim's father when he disapproved of their marriage.
吉姆的父亲不赞成他们的婚姻，玛丽发现要反抗他是很困难的。
错句97
He has gone in with strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.
He has gone in for strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.
他曾沉迷于一些奇特的爱好，如收集瓶盖和发明密码。
解析 如正确句子所示，go in for的意思是“沉迷于，爱好”。另外，它还有“从事，参加”等意思，如：“His son has decided to go in for law.(他的儿子决定当律师。)”
错句98
There are so many inconveniences that have to be put up for when you are camping.
There are so many inconveniences that have to be put up with when you are camping.
野营时的不便之处很多，你只能忍受。
错句99
It is time to do away from some of the old laws.
It is time to do away with some of the old laws.
该是废除某些陈旧法规的时候了。
错句100
They have come in with a lot of blame for the price rise in raw materials.
They have come in for a lot of blame for the price rise in raw materials.
他们由于原料价格的上涨而受到许多责难。
错句101
All the evidence I have collected boils down on the fact that he is a shoplifter.
All the evidence I have collected boils down to the fact that he is a shoplifter.
我所收集到的所有证据都表明他是个商店扒手。
解析 如正确句子所示，boil down to的意思是“意味着，归结为”，再如：“His statement boils down to a failure of supporting us.(他的话意味着不支持我们。)”
错句102
She suddenly stood up and ran out from the room.
She suddenly stood up and ran out of the room.
她突然站了起来，跑出了房间。
错句103
You can always depend on him to come up to some practical suggestions.
You can always depend on him to come up with some practical suggestions.
你总指望他能提出一些实用的建议。
解析 如正确句子所示，come up with的意思是“提出，提供”。come up to的意思是“比得上，达到(标准等)”，如：“Your recent work hasn't come up to your earlier standards.(你最近的工作没有达到以前的水平。)”
错句104
He always gives in for his wife's demands and does whatever she tells him to.
He always gives in to his wife's demands and does whatever she tells him to.
他对妻子总是百依百顺，叫干什么就干什么。
解析 如正确句子所示，give in to的意思是“让步于，屈从于”。
错句105
I hope I can live up for the expectations of my parents.
I hope I can live up to the expectations of my parents.
我希望自己不会辜负父母的期望。
解析 如正确句子所示，live up to的意思是“不辜负”，此外，它还有“遵守，履行”的意思，如：“He has no intention of living up to his promise.(他无意履行自己的诺言。)”
错句106
She went back to her word and refused to lend us the money.
She went back on her word and refused to lend us the money.
她违背诺言，拒绝借钱给我们。
12．介词短语中介词的误用
错句107
When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was in fault.
When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at fault.
发动机不启动时，机械师便检查所有部件，以弄清什么出了毛病。
解析 at fault的意思是“有过错的，有责任的，有故障的”。
错句108
The magician picked several persons on random from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.
The magician picked several persons at random from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.
魔术师从观众中随机选了几个人，请他们帮他表演。
解析 at random的意思是“随意的，任意的，随机的”。
错句109
He was on his wits'end what to do.
He was at his wits'end what to do.
他全然不知该做些什么。
解析 at one's wits'/wit's end的意思是“一筹莫展，不知所措”。
错句110
“These look like machine stitches to me.”“No, they are all made with hand.”
“These look like machine stitches to me.”“No, they are all made by hand.”
“这些在我看来好像是机器缝的线。”“不，它们全是手工做的。”
解析 by hand的意思是“用手工”，再如：“They milk cows by hand.(他们用手挤牛奶。)”
错句111
At the beginning, I did not particularly like the boy.
In the beginning, I did not particularly like the boy.
起初我并没有特别喜欢这个男孩。
解析 in the beginning(不接of)=at first=initially(起初)，与“后来”相对。at the beginning通常要接of引导的短语，指某段时间的开始，如：“We are going to Japan at the beginning of July.(我们七月初要到日本去。)”
错句112
They have had a good harvest for three years on succession.
They have had a good harvest for three years in succession.
他们已经连续3年获得了丰收。
错句113
She put salt into her tea for mistake.
She put salt into her tea by mistake.
她错把盐放到茶里了。
错句114
Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually on the way.
Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually in the way.
虽然他觉得自己是在帮助我们准备晚饭，但实际上他碍手碍脚的。
解析 in the way的意思是“挡道，碍事”，on the way的意思是“在路上”。
错句115
At some extent, he is responsible for the accident.
To some extent, he is responsible for the accident.
在某种程度上，他对这次事故是负有责任的。
解析 to...extent的意思是“在……程度上”，再如：“To what extent is this true of all schools? (这在多大程度上符合所有学校的实际情况？)”
错句116
We have a lot on common and a lot to talk about.
We have a lot in common and a lot to talk about.
我们有许多共同之处，因此有许多话可谈。
错句117
With the help of my teacher, I solved the problem at ease.
With the help of my teacher, I solved the problem with ease.
在老师的帮助下，我轻而易举地解决了这个问题。
解析 如正确句子所示，with ease的意思是“毫不费力地”。at ease的意思是“不拘束，自在”，如：“I never feel at ease in his company.(跟他在一起总是感到很不自在。)”
错句118
You have to deal with what you encounter of your own.
You have to deal with what you encounter on your own.
你必须独立处理自己所遇到的情况。
解析 on one's own的意思是“独立地，独自地”。of one's own的意思是“自愿地，主动地”，如：“He did it of his own, without being forced to.(他那样做是自愿的，没有人强迫他。)”
错句119
How long have the two countries been in war?
How long have the two countries been at war?
这两个国家交战多久了？
解析 at war的意思是“处于交战状态”。in war的意思是“在战争中”，如：“A lot of soldiers were killed in war.(许多士兵阵亡了。)”
错句120
They thought the manager was over suspicion.
They thought the manager was above/beyond suspicion.
他们认为经理没有嫌疑。
错句121
Unemployment is higher in the north than in the country on a whole.
Unemployment is higher in the north than in the country as a whole.
北方的失业率要高于全国的整体水平。
解析 as a whole的意思是“作为一个整体，总的来说”。
错句122
Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend with such short notice.
Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend at/on such short notice.
虽然我接到了开幕典礼的邀请，但是提前这么短的时间接到邀请，我无法出席。
解析 at/on short notice的意思是“不提前通知，没有准备时间”。
错句123
Of the best of my knowledge, he did very well in his previous job.
To the best of my knowledge, he did very well in his previous job.
据我所知，他以前的工作做得很好。
错句124
Preparations for a big celebration were already on way.
Preparations for a big celebration were already under way.
盛大庆祝活动的准备工作已在进行中。
错句125
He climbed up the tree and picked all the fruit near reach.
He climbed up the tree and picked all the fruit within reach.
他爬到树上，把所有够得着的水果都摘了下来。
解析 within reach的意思是“在伸手可及的距离之内，附近”。
错句126
His honesty is out of question:nobody can doubt it.
His honesty is beyond question:nobody can doubt it.
他的诚实是毋庸置疑的：谁也无法怀疑这一点。
错句127
Luckily there was a doctor at the spot.
Luckily there was a doctor on the spot.
幸亏当时有个医生在现场。
错句128
On the long run, prices are bound to rise.
In the long run, prices are bound to rise.
从长远看，物价肯定要涨。
错句129
She told us in length what she had decided.
She told us at length what she had decided.
她把所决定的事情详细地告诉了我们。
解析 at length除了如正确句子所示作“详细地”解之外，还作“终于”解，如：“At length he returned.(他终于回来了。)”
13．动词短语中介词的误用
错句130
He turned his back to his family when he became famous.
He turned his back on his family when he became famous.
他成名之后对自己的家人连理都不理。
解析 如正确句子所示，turn one's back on的意思是“不理睬，回避，拒绝”。
错句131
He is always finding faults of others.
He is always finding faults with others.
他总是对别人吹毛求疵。
错句132
Keep an eye to the baby while I hang out the wash.
Keep an eye on the baby while I hang out the wash.
你照看好孩子，我去外面晾衣服。
错句133
Which of the cameras do you take a fancy for?
Which of the cameras do you take a fancy to?
这些相机你看中了哪一个？
解析 如正确句子所示，take a fancy to的意思是“喜欢上，爱上”。
错句134
We must make allowance of him because he has been ill.
We must make allowance for him because he has been ill.
我们必须体谅他，因为他一直生病。
解析 如正确句子所示，make allowance for的意思是“体谅，原谅”。另外，它还有“顾及，考虑到”的意思，如：“The court is asked to make allowance for his age. (人们要求法庭顾及他的年龄。)”
错句135
Never lose sight for the fact that you have a lot of talent.
Never lose sight of the fact that you have a lot of talent.
千万别忽略你很有天分这个事实。
解析 如正确句子所示，lose sight of的意思是“看不见，忽略，忽视”。
错句136
The team refused to resign themselves for being defeated.
The team refused to resign themselves to being defeated.
该队不甘心失败。
解析 如正确句子所示，resign oneself to的意思是“听任，顺从，安于”。
错句137
My mother made a fuss about me every time I came home.
My mother made a fuss of me every time I came home.
我每次回家，妈妈都对我体贴入微。
解析 如正确句子所示，make a fuss of的意思是“对……关怀备至，过分注意”。
错句138
The sudden cold weather took us completely in surprise.
The sudden cold weather took us completely by surprise.
突如其来的寒冷天气完全出乎我们的意料。
解析 如正确句子所示，take sb.by surprise的意思是“出乎某人意料，令人意外”。
错句139
The plan has to be examined before it is put to operation.
The plan has to be examined before it is put into operation.
这个计划在实施之前需要审查。
解析 put...into operation的意思是“实施，实行，使生效，使投产”。
14．名词短语中介词的误用
错句140
Our grain output has increased year after year.
Our grain output has increased year by year.
我们的粮食产量逐年增加。
解析 如正确句子所示，year by year的意思是“逐年，一年一年地”。year after year的意思是“年复一年，年年”，如：“She sent money year after year to help the poor.(她年年寄钱帮助穷人。)”
错句141
I repeated what you said word to word.
I repeated what you said word for word.
我一字不差地复述了你的话。
解析 如正确句子所示，word for word的意思是“逐字，一字不变地”。