2012年硕士学位研究生入学资格考试GCT英语真题及详解
第四部分：外语运用能力测试（英语）
(50题, 每小题2分, 满分100分)
Part I Vocabulary and Structure
Directions：There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
1. I realized I had let myself in something from which there was no turning ______.
A. around
B. back
C. away
D. down
2. You are to stay at the hotel where rooms ______ for you.
A. have been booked
B. are booked
C. would be booked
D. were booked
3.If you ______ to my advice, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A. 1isten
B. 1istened
C. had listened
D. would listen
4. Those close to him are ______ that he hopes to stay on till the end of his term.
A. ensured
B. confirmed
C. supposed
D. convinced
5. Working women haven’t left the family role behind：now they are ______ to work even harder to do both.
A. expected
B. wished
C. hoped
D. desired
6. Modern technology has brought ______ communication between people far apart.
A. competent
B. convenient
C. conscious
D. complete
7. Under no ______ are children allowed to tell lies to their parents.
A. circumstances
B. situations
C. occasions
D. moments
8. We need a more capable leader, ______ with a strong will as well as good humor.
A. who
B. that
C. one
D. which
9.The lectures, ______ the current hot issues, were well received.
A. that covered
B. covered
C. covering
D. to cover
10.Being an intelligent boy, he ______ such a foolish mistake.
A. needn't have made
B. can’t have made
C. won’t have made
D. wouldn't have made
Part II Reading Comprehension
Directions：In this part there are three passages and one advertisement, each followed questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center.
Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:
Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another "no", you might call yourself an optimist.
According to researchers at University College London, human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain, they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glass as half-full, not half-empty, even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.
The good news is that this brings a health benefit. Having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100,000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease among optimists.
But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the study point out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts overestimating their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary. There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot, lead researcher, said "Smoking Kills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental tendency in the brain. "
But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-colored glasses poses a risk to our health, it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!
11. What does “sanguine” （Para. 2） mean ?
A. Depressed
B. Cheerful
C. Lucky
D. Emotional
12. The study mentioned in Para. 2 indicates that people ______
A. are more optimistic than they believe
B. are less optimistic than they believe
C. like good news more than they think
D. like good news less than they think
13. What mistake might analysts have made during the 2008 financial crisis?
A. Collecting false information.
B. Overemphasizing evidence.
C. Misjudging the situation.
D. Giving a pessimistic forecast.
14. The author suggests in the last paragraph that we ______
A. adjust our goals in life
B. learn to release bad mood
C. avoid being overoptimistic
D. maintain a positive attitude
15. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. People tend to be optimistic even in crisis.
B. Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.
C. Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.
D. Optimism is what keeps us going forward.
Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:
The International Olympic Committee （IOC） has launched an investigation into allegations that its officials in more than 50 countries have been selling London Olympics tickets on the black market for profit. The IOC met at an emergency session on Saturday to look into a pile of evidence uncovered by Britain's Sunday Times newspaper. The paper claims that high-ranking Olympic officials have been selling tickets for the games at hugely inflated prices. The highest priced tickets on the black market were for the men's 100- meter final. The IOC has issued a statement saying it "takes these allegations very seriously and has immediately taken the first steps to investigate."
IOC rules forbid national Olympics committees from selling tickets overseas, increasing ticket prices or selling tickets to unauthorized, third party resellers. Despite this, Sunday Times undercover reporters posing as illegal ticket sellers say they have recorded evidence of 27 officials selling tickets distributed to 54 countries. One of the most serious allegations was against the Greek Olympic Committee president Spyros Capralos. He denies saying he had "pulled strings" with the head of the London Olympics Sebastian Coe even though the paper posted videos of its reporters' negotiations with Capralos on its website. Mr. Capralos has so far refused to comment.
16. The IOC is investigating its own officials for ______
A. running the black market
B. secretly meeting reporters
C. illegally selling tickets
D. criticizing Sunday Times
17. The word “allegations” （Para. 1）probably means ______.
A. discussions
B. claims
C. announcements
D. opinions
18. Sunday Times revealed ______
A. details about IOC's emergency session
B. evidence against some IOC officials
C. ticket prices for men's 100-meter final
D. pricing policy of the London Olympics
19. Which of the following is NOT against the IOC rules concerning its officials?
A. Selling tickets internationally.
B. Raising the prices of the tickets.
C. Selling tickets to unofficial resellers.
D. Giving tickets to their friends.
20. Faced with the evidence against him, Capralos ______
A. blamed other officials
B. admitted the facts
C. issued a statement
D. gave no response
Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:
Pressed by competition and its own success, the popular search engine Google has created an automated way to search for new employees who are fully appropriate as well as high-achieving.
In a project, the 100,000 people who fill in online job applications for Google each month will be asked to complete a complicated questionnaire（问卷）exploring their attitudes, behaviour, personality and backgrounds going back to their school days.
The questions range from whether applicants have ever set a world record, to whether their workspace is messy or tidy or what magazines they read. Answers are studied by Google's mathematicians to calculate a score meant to predict how well a person will fit into the organization's diversified and competitive culture.
Psychometric tests（心理测试）are already used by more traditional companies to select workers, but they are unheard of in a company like Google, which is built on a belief in individual talent. The online questionnaire is based on the answers to 300 questions sent out last summer to every employee at the head office in California's Silicon Valley. Some questions were factual: What programming languages are you familiar with? What internet mailing lists are you on?
Other questions, however, tried to establish personality and behavioural characteristics: Have you ever tutored another person?
“We wanted to cast a very wide net,” said Laszlo Bock, Google's Vice-President for People Operations. “It is not unusual to walk into our office and bump into dogs. Maybe people who own dogs have some personality feature that is useful.”
21. Google has created a new way of recruiting in order to ______
A. find the most appropriate employees
B. better compete with other companies
C. spread its unique corporate culture
D. conduct an online research project
22. The information gained from the questionnaire will be ______
A. analyzed in a report
B. summed up in a figure
C. organized into a chart
D. kept in its raw state
23. What is true about the Google online questionnaire?
A. It was based on a survey of its employees.
B. It focuses on background questions.
C. It was designed by some mathematicians.
D. It has been filled out by 100,000 people.
24. What distinguishes Google from more traditional companies in selecting workers?
A. Preferring those who own pets.
B. Stressing overall personal qualities.
C. Asking more complex questions.
D. Believing in high-achieving experience.
25. By “casting a wide net” (last paragraph), Laszlo Bock means ______
A. recruiting a wide range of talents
B. finding candidates with peculiar personality
C. identifying candidates with wide interests
D. picking out as many applicants as possible
Questions 26-30 are based on the following chart:
Cigarette Smoking by Grade Level .2005-2009
（说明：2005年为白框, 2007年为灰框, 2009年为黑框）
26. The purpose of the chart is to show ______
A. the percentages of smokers in schools
B. the increase of smokers in grades 9-12 during 2005-2009
C. the number of teenage smokers in grades 9-12
D. the amount of money spent by young smokers over the years
27. Which grade had the highest percentage of smokers in 2005?
A. The 9th
B. The 10th
C. The 11th
D. The 12th
28. The percentage of the 9th grade smokers in 2009 was ______
A. 23. 2
B. 25. 2
C. 31. 2
D. 33. 4
29. Which grade saw the greatest increase of smokers over the four years?
A. The 9th
B. The 10th
C. The 11th
D. The 12th
30. What tendency can we find from the chart?
A. Smokers in all grades have increased.
B. The higher the grade, the more the smokers.
C. The older a student, the more he smokes.
D. Low graders smoke less heavily.
Part III Cloze Test
Directions：There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center.
Working memory, or short—term memory, involves the ability to hold and use information in the immediate future.31______ is only held in working memory for about 20 seconds. The challenge that students32______ is to move information from their working memories into their long—term memories. If they don’t do this in about the first few minutes after receiving the information, that information can be lost. To keep this newly learned material from33______ away, it needs to enter the network of the brain’s wiring.
After repeated practice, working memories are set down as permanent neuronal（神经的）circuits34______ to be activated（激活）when the information is needed. When a memory has been recalled35______ its neuronal circuits are more highly developed because of their repeated activation.
36______ exercising a muscle, these circuits then become more efficient and easier to access and activate. Practice results37______ repeated stimulation of the memory circuit. Like hikers along a path38______ eventually leave a depression in the road, repeated practice stimulates cells in the memory circuit such that the circuit is reinforced and becomes39______. This means it can be quickly turned from off to on, and switched 40______ through a variety of cues coming in from the senses.
31.A. Material B. Information C. Knowledge D. Ability
32.A. have B. take C. face D. hold
33.A. slipping B. turning C. moving D. stepping
34.A. useful B. good C. open D. ready
35.A. usually B. often C. well D. soon
36.A. During B. By C. Like D. Unlike
37.A. in B. at C. from D. with
38.A. where B. which C. what D. who
39.A. stronger B. weaker C. longer D. shorter
40.A. over B. back C. off D. on
Part IV Dialogue Completion
Directions：In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a single line through the center.
41. A：I’ve called you a hundred times today.
B： ______. I was busy.
A. Sorry about that
B. Sounds fine
C. I appreciate that
D. That’s all right
42. A：I thought you were working until 6：30.
B： ______, but we finished our meeting at 5：30 and were let go.
A. I tried to
B. I was supposed to
C. I hoped so
D. I’d love to
43. A：Are you ready for the test tomorrow?
B： ______
A：Come on. I am sure you will do well.
A. Why do you ask?
B. Sure, no problem.
C. What about you?
D. No. I’m afraid not.
44. A：That necklace looks really lovely on you.
B： ______.
A. It cost me a fortune
B. It’s very nice of you
C. It will be nice on you too
D. I hope you like it
45. A：This is like the coolest CD I’ve ever heard.
B： ______. I’m trying to concentrate on my work.
A. Cut it short
B. Keep it down
C. Turn it over
D. Bring it up
46.A：I need to get this done by noon. Can you give me a hand?
B： ______.
A. I can give you both hands
B. I’ll watch your back
C. I’m all yours
D. The pleasure is mine
47.A：Good morning. I’d like to book a table for two for 8：30 on Friday, please.
B： ______
A. Yes, speaking.
B. Hold the line.
C. Your name, please?
D. After a while.
48.A：It’s Janet Smith ______?
B：Yes, I’d like to have some information about having a phone installed.
A. Who’s that
B. What’s wrong
C. What’s up
D. May I help you
49. Shop assistant：What do you have in mind?
Customer：I’m thinking about jewelry or something valuable.
Shop assistant：We’ve got beautiful jewelry here. If you’re interested, ______.
A. I can show you
B. you can see it
C. I’ll get it
D. you should buy it
50.A：I like this apartment very much, but I´ll come back this evening with my wife and kids. Will that be convenient?
B： ______.
A. It’s good for you
B. That’s fine with me
C. It’s thoughtful of you
D. That’s right
参考答案及详解
Part I Vocabulary and Structure
1.C 句意：我发现我把自己置于了一个无法脱身的处境。turn away“脱身”符合句意。turn around转身。turn back回身、回头。turn down拒绝。故选C项。
2.A 句意：你应该住在为你预订好的房间里。本题考查时态，由are可知，应用现在时。结合句意，“预订”这一动作已经完成，应用完成时态。故选A项。
3.C 句意：如果你当时听从我的建议，现在就不会弄得一团糟。本题考察虚拟语气。结合句意可知，该句是对过去行为的虚拟，应用过去完成时态。故选C项。
4.D 句意：跟他关系近的人相信他希望留到届满。be convinced that“确信的，深信的”符合句意。ensure保证；确保。confirm确认；证实。suppose猜想；认为。ABC三项往往用主动形式而不用被动形式。故选D项。
5.A 句意：职业妇女并没有抛弃在家庭所扮演的角色，人们还希望她们在家务和工作两个方面更加努力。“be expected to do”是“expect sb. to do”的被动形式，意思是“被期待做某事”。BCD三项虽然都有“希望”的意思，但一般接宾语从句，而不接sb. to do。故选A项。
6.B 句意：现代技术给相距很远的人们带来了方便的信息交流。convenient“方便的”符合句意。competent能胜任的；有能力的。conscious有意识的。complete完整的；彻底的。故选B项。
7.A 句意：在任何情况下孩子们都不准对父母撒谎。under no circumstances“在任何情形下”符合句意。situation与介词“in”搭配。occasion与介词“on”搭配。moment与介词“at”搭配。故选A项。
8.C 句意：我们需要一个更有能力的领导人，一个具有强大毅力和幽默感的领导人。由于修饰词为一个人“leader”，B和D项不正确。A项“who”往往引导定语从句，不接短语。one可连接同位语。故选C项。
9.C 句意：涉及当代热点问题的讲座受到了热烈欢迎。空格处是插入语成分，应用非谓语形式。lecture与cover是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故选C项。
10.B 句意：他这么聪明，不可能犯如此愚蠢的错误。本题考查情态动词和虚拟语气。mustn’t have done“不可能做出”符合句意。Needn’t没必要。Won’t将不会。Wouldn’t have done不会做出（暗示该行为已做出）。故选B项。
Part II Reading Comprehension
11.B 结合后文80％的人都倾向于将半杯水看作半杯满的而非半杯空的，可以判断出“sanguine”为“乐观的，充满希望的”。故选B项。
12.A 由第二段最后一句可知，80％的人都倾向于看到事情好的一面，尽管其中很多人并不认为自己是乐观的。所以A项“人们比他们想象得更加乐观”符合题意。故选A项。
13.C 结合第四段的第二个句子可知，明明有清楚的证据表明情况不妙，但分析家还是高估了资产的正面走势，所以导致了2008年的经济危机。C项“Misjudging the situation ”（误判形势）符合题意。故选C项。
14.D 作者在最后一段认为，尽管过于乐观会有问题，但我们还是应该乐观才对。D项“保持一个正面乐观的态度”符合题意。故选D项。
15.C 第一段作者告诉我们什么是乐观者，二、三段谈到了乐观的好处，四、五段谈到了过于乐观引发的问题，最后一段进行了总结。C项“both benefits and risks”涵盖了文章的所有信息。故选C项。
16.C 由第一段的第一句可知，国际奥委会开始调查奥委会官员在50多个国家的黑市上倒卖奥运会门票的指控。C项 “非法出售门票”符合题意。故选C项。
17.B 由上下文语境，可以推测出“allegation”的含义是“指控；起诉”，B项claim（指控）意思最接近。故选B项。
18.B 由第一段中间部分可知，《星期日时报》报道了有关奥委会官员倒卖门票的细节。也就是说，这家报纸泄露了对奥运官员不利的证据。故选B项。
19.D 由第二段第一句可知，ABC三项都违反规定，只有D项没有涉及，可推知“把票送给朋友”不违反规定。故选D项。
20.D 由最后一句可知，他到现在为止拒绝就此事发表评论。即他没有回应。故选D项。
21.A 由第一段“Google has created an automated way to search for new employees”可知，A项正确，其中“find”是原文中“search”的同义转换。故选A项。
22.B 由第三段第二句可知，问卷信息将被谷歌公司的数字研究员研究，以计算出一个分数（to calculate a score），来衡量一个人适应公司多元的竞争文化的程度。故B项“summed up in a figure（总结为一个数字）”与之意思相符。故选B项。
23.A 由第四段第二句话可知，调研表是根据谷歌加利福尼亚硅谷公司总部每位雇员对300个问题所做的回答制定的。A项符合题意。B项关于背景的问题只是调研表的一部分内容。C项中的“数学研究员”是对调研数据做分析。D项出现的人数只是每月在线申请工作的人数，均不正确。故选A项。
24.B 由于谷歌公司问卷的问题很多、涉及面很广，我们可以推断出调研表比较注重一个人多方面的综合素质。故选B项。
25.A “casting a wide net”字面意思为“撒一张大网”，在文中指“在广泛层面选择能人”。故选A项。
26.B 由图表可看出，2005至2009年间，9至12年级各年级的青少年中，吸烟者的比例逐年增加。B项“2005至2009年，9至12年级的青少年中吸烟者的比重增加”符合图表大意。故选B项。
27.C 表中2005年由白色竖柱标注，观察可得最高比例是11年级的31.6％。
28.D 先找9年级的竖柱，再找2009年对应的竖柱颜色，找出答案为33.4％。
29.A 在四年时间内，9年级吸烟人数增加了10.2%，10年级增加了10.1%，其他两个年级增加人数更低，因而9年级的增加比率最高。
30.A 从表格上不难看出，每个年级的抽烟人数都有增加。故选A项。
Part III Cloze Test
31.B 结合下文“move information from their working memories into their long-term memories”可知，这里是说“information”在working memory里只能保存20秒。B项符合题意。material材料。knowledge知识。ability能力。故选B项。
32.C “face the challenge”是固定搭配，意为“面临挑战”。C项符合题意。have拥有。take拿；取。hold持有。故选C项。
33.A 结合上下文，信息在短期记忆里储存的时间只有20秒，为了不让这信息从记忆中溜走，需要深入研究大脑的内部结构。“slip away”是固定搭配，意为“溜走；流失”。A项符合语境。turn away转过脸去；拒绝。move away离开；搬到别处去。step away防守。故选A项。
34.D 结合上下文，在多次运用之后，短期记忆就能作为一种持久的神经线路而稳定下来，随时准备被激活。“ready to be activated when…”意为“当……的时候立刻被激活”。D项符合题意。故选D项。
35.C 由于空格前面是实意动词recall，空格处应为一个程度副词，来修饰动词recall。C项“well”符合语境。ABD三项都是时间副词。usually通常。often时常。soon很快。故选C项。
36.C 此处意思为“正像锻炼肌肉一样，这些神经（在反复被激活之后）就变得更加高效，更加容易被激活。”C项符合语境。故选C项。
37.A “result in”是固定词组，意为“导致，引起”。即“反复的训练使得记忆神经反复被激活。”故选A项。
38.D 分析句子结构可知，空格后面的从句是复数名词“hikers”的定语从句，所以引导词应该是“who”。故选D项。
39.A 由“and”可知空格前后应为并列或承接关系。reinforced意为“加强”，则A项“stronger（更强大）”符合语境。故选A项。
40.A 上文讲到记忆能自如地打开或关闭，则switch over（变换；转换）符合语境，即记忆能在来自感官的多种线索中轻松自如地转换。A项符合语境。switch back切换回。switch off关闭。switch on打开。故选A项。
Part IV Dialogue Completion
41.A 结合语境，A方抱怨B方不接电话，B方应首先表示道歉，然后给出一个理由。A项符合语境。
42.B A方说“我以为你要到六点半才下班呢”。B说“但是五点半就散会了也就让我们走了”， 由“but”可知原本是六点半下班。B项“我本应该是的”符合语境。故选B项。
43.D 由A方鼓励B方说“加油，我肯定你能考好”可知，B方对考试不自信。D项符合语境。
44.B A方对方说“你戴着这个项链真好看”。B方应该表示感谢。B项“你真好”符合语境。故选B项。
45.B A方说“这是他听到的最酷的唱片了”，B方说“他要专注工作了”，可知B方让A方将声音调小。B项符合语境。Cut it short简而言之。Turn it over翻身。Bring it up提起某事。故选B项。
46.C A方提出求助“Can you give me a hand?”，B方应表明愿意或不愿意帮忙。C项“I’m all yours（悉听尊便）”符合语境。The pleasure is mine认识您很荣幸。故选C项。
47.C 结合语境，A方要预订房间，则B方很可能是前台服务员，她接下来应该询问预订人的姓名。C项符合语境。故选C项。
48.D B方说“是的，我想打听一下如何装一部电话”，由“Yes”可知，空格处应是一般疑问句，询问能够提供帮助。D项符合语境。故选D项。
49.A 由对话双方身份（Shop assistant和Customer）可知，该对话发生在商场。售货员向顾客推荐珠宝，如果顾客有兴趣可以给他看。A项符合语境。故选A项。
50.B A方问B方今天晚上看房子是否方便时，B方接受了这个时间约定。B项“That’s fine with me（这个时间我行）”符合语境。故选B项。