参考文献
这并不是一个关于中国艺术的完整参考书目,但是可以作为本书的一些相关英语文献来源,并可以进行拓展阅读。这些文献被放在各个章节下,尽管一些作品与不止一个章节相关。
通论
近来将在语境中的功用作为整理原则的三个全面研究有:R. L. Thorp,Son of Heaven:Imperial Arts of China (Seattle,1988),R. Kerr (ed.),Chinese Art and Design(London,1991)和J. Rawson(ed.),The British Museum Book of Chinese Art(London,1992)。这些研究卷尾的相关材料和参考文献尤其有用。涉及中国艺术的专业英语杂志有:Archives of Asian Art,Artibus Asiae,Arts of Asia,Oriental Art和Orientations,后面的标题通过颜色区分开来。新的研究出版物经常来自中国,其中有重要专题题目,如敦煌或者主要博物馆的藏品。
关于中国绘画的基本的文献工具书,同时它本身也有研究价值的有J. Silbergeld,“Chinese Painting Studies in the West:A State-of-the-Field Article”,Journal of Asian Studies,46(1987),849 - 897。同样作为基本译介文献的有S. Bush and Hsioyen Shih,Early Chinese Texts on Painting(Cambridge,Mass.,and London,1985),比下面的文献的容易理解,W. R. B. Acker,Some T’ang and Pr-T’ang Texts on Chinese Painting(Leiden,1954)。S. Bush,The Chinese Literati on Painting:SuShih(1037 - 1101)to Tung Ch’ich’ang(1555 - 1636)(Harvard Yenching Studies,27;Cambridge,Mass.,1971)。它们翻译较少,更多的是评论,依然有益于读者,但是现在看不要被它的观点所局限。
作为中国绘画技术方面的指南到目前仍未被替代的有:R. H. van Gulik,Chinese Pictorial Art as Viewed by the Connoisseur(Rome,1958;repr. New York. 1981)。Yu Feian,Chinese Painting Colors:Studids of their Preparation and Application in Traditional and Modern Times,tr. Jerome Silbergeld and Amy McNair(Hong Kong and Seattle,1988),介绍得非常仔细,意义非凡,但是其中大部分没有插图。So Kam Ng,Brushstrokes:Styles and Techniques of Chinese Painting(an Francisco,1993),这部书有非常多的插图,是一本非常精炼而有用的简介。仍然值得研究的有Benjamin March,Some Technical Terms of Chinese Painting(Baltimore,1935)和J. Silbergeld,Chinese Painting Style:Media,Methods and Principles of Form(Seatle and London,1982)。基本上没有关于中国雕塑技术的书,但是J. Larson and R. Kerr,Guanyin:A Masterpiece Revealed(London,1985)体现了对于一件东西可以研究到何种细致的程度。A. Paludan,The Chinese Spirit Road(below),这部书涉及了一些关于石刻的知识。几乎书中所有的作品之前都已经发表过,并且在不同的研究语境中被讨论。例如:S. W. Goodfellow(ed.),Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting:The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum,and the Cleveland Musum of Art(Cleveland,1980)讨论了图14、图28、图35、图76、图81、图83、图87、图106,它们本身的介绍性文章提供了围绕中国绘画写作的美国两大主要收藏的概观。
一些书的研究主题对于本书很重要:S. Bush and C. Murck(eds.),Theories of the Arts in China(Princeton,1983)开辟了相关视觉艺术的美学理论的领域。A. Murck and W. C. Fong(eds.),Words and lmages:Chinese Poetry,Painting and Calligraphy(New York,1991)论及了核心文人艺术形式的内在关联。
C. Li(ed.),Artists and Patrons:Some Social and Economic Aspects of Chinese Painting(Lawrence,Kan.,1989)中的文章开始关于绘画的制作者和消费者关系的严肃研究。另外近期的修正性研究J. Cahill,The Painter’s Practice:How Artists Lived and Worked in Traditional China(New York,1994)为新的研究者提供了基本研究方向,还有他的Three Alternative Histories of Chinese Painting(The Franklin D. Murphy Lectures,9;Lawrence,Kan.,1988)。
或许在过去十五年里在这一领域发生的主要变化是中国收藏品的大量出版,它们在之前的研究中没有涉及。主要的系列是Zhongguo meishu quanji(Complete Arts of China),在北京和上海以不同形式出版,开始成为台北故宫和海外所有中国藏品的重要补充材料,到20世纪80年代变成英文阅读者不可绕过的基础。
第一章 墓室艺术
中国墓葬的发掘步伐很快,有一部优秀的报告,W. Fong(ed.),The Great Bronze Age of China(New York,1980),随着近来更多的研究,现在需要增补。
G. L. Barnes,China,Korea and Japan:The Rise of Civilisation in East Asia(London,1993),一个丰富的综合研究,增强了关于在地域语境下的中国研究。杂志Early China有报道关于近年来的发现,通常是也是关于它们(中国艺术)的首次研究。关于早期中国玉器,J. Rawson,Chinese Jade from theNeolithic to the Qing(London,1995)取代了先前所有的研究。关于三星堆的讨论见R. W. Bagley,“A Shang City in Sichuan Province”,Orientations(Nov. 1990),52 - 67,但是到目前仍未被在更广阔的领域充分地综合研究。
关于妇好墓的讨论见R. W. Bagley,Shang Ritual Bronzes in the Arthur M. Sacker Collections(Washington,DC,and Cambridge,Mass.,1987)。J. Rawson,“Ancient Chinese Ritual Bronzes:The Evidence from Tombs and Hoards of the Shang(c. 1500 - 1050 BC)and Western Zhou(c. 1050 - 771 BC)Periods”,Antiquity,67(1993),805 - 823,对墓葬的系统研究比单个研究的重要性更加突出,同时也涉及了“礼制变革”。E. Shaughnessy,Sources of Western Zhou History:Inscribed Bronze Vessels(Berkeley,Calif,1991)与J. Rawson,Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections(Cambridge,Mass.,1990)一起提供了关于制作工艺和铭文功能的讨论。J. Rawson,Chinese Bronzes:Art and Ritual(London,1987),不那么容易懂,但是更便利。
两种关于青铜容器装饰的意义的争论见R. Whitfeld(ed.),The Problem of Meaning in Early Chinese Ritual Bronzes(London,1992)。L. Kesner,“Te Taotie Reconsidered:Meanings and Functions of Shang Teriomorphic Imagery”,Artibus Asiae,51/1 - 2(1991),29 - 53较好地作了摘要。关于争论点的集中总结见L. von Falkenhausen,“Issues inWestern Zhou Studies:A Review Article”,Early China,18(1993),139 - 226,很有益处。
对墓葬变化的解释见Wu Hung,“From Temple to Tomb:Ancient Chinese Art and Religion in Transition”,Early China,13(1988),83 - 86。还有Wu Hung,Monumentality in Early Chinese Art(Stanford,Calif.,1996)。
最好的关于兵马俑的综合研究是L. Kesner,“Likeness of No One:(Re)presenting the First Emperor’s Army”,Art Bulletin,77/1(Mar. 1995),115 - 132。关于马王堆的研究现在有很多,但是开启新的起点的是Wu Hung,“Art in a Ritual Context:Rethinking Mawangdui”,Early China,17(1992),111 - 144。同一位作者的The Wu Liang Shrine:The Ideology of Early Chinese Pictorial Art(Stanford,Calif.,1989)也是基本读物,另外补充同样重要的M. J. Powers,Art and Political Expression in Early China(New Haven,1991)。
南京“七贤”墓集中的研究见A. Spiro,Contemplating the Ancients:Aesthetic and Social Issues in Early Chinese Portraiture(Berkeley,Calif. 1990),著述研究范围之广泛可以从题目中看出来。有代表性的令人兴奋的关于这个和其他纪念碑的讨论见:Wu Hung,“Tree Famous Stone Monuments from Luoyang:Binary Imagery in Early Sixth Century Chinese Pictorial Art”,Orientations,25/5(May 1994),51 - 60。关于灵魂之路和相关雕塑的公认为优秀的研究有A. Paludan,The Chinese Spirit Road:The Classical Tradition of Stone Tomb Statuary,(New Haven and London,1991)。
第二章 宫廷艺术
A. C. Soper,Textual Evidence for the Secular Arts of China in the Period from Liu Sung through Sui(A. D. 420 - 618),Excluding Treatises on Painting(Artibus Asiae Supplementum,24;Ascona,1968)值得仔细阅读。M. Sullivan,The Birth of Landscape Painting in China(Berkeley,Calif.,and Los Angeles,1962),仍然是得到公认的作品,尽管关于讨论叶茂台的卷轴画并不充分且出版的相关作品不多。
关于早期山水画宗教性方面的讨论见:S. Bush,“Tsung Ping’s Essay on Landscape Painting and the‘Landscape Buddhism of Mt. Lu’”,L. Ledderose,“The Earthly Paradise:Religious Elements in Chinese Landscape Art”,同样见S. Bush and C. Murck(eds.),Theories of the Arts in China(Princeton,1983),还有K. Munakata,Sacred Mountains in Chinese Art(Urbana,Ill.,and Chicago,1991)。
郭熙著作的译文见S. Bush and Hsio-yen Shih(eds.),Early Chinese Texts on Painting(Cambridge,Mass.,and London,1985)。北宋宫廷绘画可以参阅W. Fong,Beyond Representation:Chinese Painting and Callingraphy,8th - 14th Century(Prnceton Monographs in Art and ArChaeology,48;NewYork. 1992)著作主要围绕纽约大都会博物馆的藏品,并且有全面的参考文献。同时可参见优秀的文章:P. C. Sturman,“Cranes above Kaifeng:Te Auspicious lmage at the Court of Huizong”,Ars Orientalis,20(1990),34 - 68。
研究北宋的严肃学者需要密切结合P. Bol,“This Culture of ours”:Intellectual Transition in T’ang and Sung China(Stanford,Calif,1992),这部书和很多艺术性问题有密切联系。一部关于早期中国帝国收藏的有用的简明概要是:L. Ledderosc,“Some Observations on the Imperial Art Collections in China”,Transnctions of the Oriental Ceramic Society,43(1978 - 1979),33 - 46。关于北宋宫廷的碑刻书法的重要课题见:A. McNair,“Te Engraved Model-Lerters Compendia of the Song Dynasty”,Journal of the American Oriental Society,l4/2(1994),209 - 225。
《诗经图》卷的研究典范性的方式见:J. K. Murray,Ma Hezhi and the Illustration of the Book of Odes(Cambridge,1993)。同时关于南宋和元朝艺术的讨论见W. Fong,Beyond Representation(above)。M. Bickford(ed.),Bones of Jade,Soul of Ice:The Flowering Plum in Chinese Art (NewHaven,1985),书中很多材料属于南宋时期。尽管有很好的范例,但是并没有很多关于作品个案很好地研究,真的很缺乏。Fong和Weidner (eds.),Latter Days of the Law(below)研究了王振鹏的《维摩诘》卷。
让明代宫廷艺术的研究取得突破性进展的是Richard Barnhart:Painters of the Great Ming:Te Imperial Court and the Zhe School,(Dallas,1993)。与清代相比,明代的宫廷文化并没有很好地被研究,很多近来明代重要的论文有:S. Heilesen,“Souchern Journey”,Bulletin of the Museum of Far Easten Antiquities,52(1980),89 - 144;Wei Dong,“Qing Imperial‘Genre Painting’:Art as Pictorial Record”,Orientations,26/7(July/Aug. 1995),18 - 24和Yang Boda,“Te Development of the Ch’ien-lung Painting Academy”,in A. Murck and W. C. Fong(eds.),Words and Images(New York,1991)。
整期Orientations(19/11,Nov. 1988)专来讨论郎世宁,其中有论文:Yang Boda,“Castiglione at the Qing Court:An Important Artistic Contribution”,pp. 44 - 51。一些清朝宫廷绘画中的最重要作品被很好地研究,见:H. Rogers and S. E. Lee,Masterpieces of Ming and Qing Painting from the Forbidden City(Lansdale,Pa.,1988)。1995年7/8月刊Orientations又整期讨论了清朝宫廷艺术,包括:Wu Hung,“Emperor’s Masquerade-‘Costume Portraits’of Yongzheng and Qianlong”,Orientations,26/7(July/Aug1995),25 - 41和Yu Hui,“Naturalism in Qing Imperial Group Portraiture”,Orientations,26/7(July/ Aug 1995),42 - 50。
晚期宫廷绘画的研究见:J. Chou and C. Brown,Te Elegant Brush:Chinese Painting under the Qianlong Emperor(Phoenix,1985)和C. Brown and J. Chou,Transcending Turmloil:Painting at the Close of China’s Empire(Phoenix,1992)。最好的将慈禧皇太后作为一位艺术家的研究见M. Weidner et al.,Views from Jade Terrace(Indianapolis and New York,1988)的目录。
与研究分析相比,宫廷装饰艺术更好地在英文中被编目,见:R. L. Torp,Son of Heaven:Imperial Arts of China(Seatle,1988)和R. Kerr(ed.),Chinese Art and Design(London,1991)。与原先的著述相比,近来两部关于陶瓷有较好切入点的著作有:S. G. Valenstein,A Handbook of Chinese Ceramics,revised 2nd edn. (New York and London,1989)和S. Vainker,Chinese Pottery and Porcelain:From Prehistory to the Present(London,1991)。包括大禹治水玉山,一系列皇家物品收入图录:Zhu Jiajin,Treasures of the Forbidden City(Harmondsworth,1986)。
第三章 寺观艺术
关于中国宗教当前研究现状,较全面的参考文献见:Journal of Asian Studies,54/1(1995),124 - 160(to the end of the Han)和54/2(1995),314 - 395(post-Han)。The Journal of Chinese Religions时常发表和艺术相关的论文。
最早阶段关于中国佛教艺术研究见:Wu Hung,“Buddhist Elements in Early Chinese Art(2nd and 3rd Centuries A. D.)”,Artibus Asiae,47/3 - 4(1987),263 - 316。A. C. Soper,Literary Evidence for Early Buddhist Art in China(Artibus Asiae Supplementum,19;Ascona,1959)是一部非常宝贵的原始资料概览,但是没有插图;J. O. Caswell,Written and Unwritten:A New History of the Buddhist Caves at Yungang(Vancouver,1988)依旧是关于云冈的最好著作。
一个意义重大的不同的解释见:J. C. Huntington,“Te Iconography and Iconology of the‘Tan Yao Caves’at Yungang”,Oriental Art,NS32/2(Summer 1986),142 - 160。R. Whitfeld和A. Farrer的著作Caves of the Thousand Buddhas:Chinese Art from the Silk Route(London,1990)的描述性比分析更多,如果配合Orientations(Mar. 1989)中的论文一起阅读的话会受益更多,其中一篇专门讨论敦煌。关于赞助人和风格争论研究的论文是:S. K. Abe,“Art and Practice in a Fifth-Century Buddhist Temple”,Ars Orientalis,20(1991),1-31。
M. Weidner,Latter Days of the Law:Images of Chines Buddhism 850 - 1850(Lawrence,Kan.,and Honolulu,1994)是一个极好的研究,将晚期的宗教艺术从淹没无闻中挽救回来,并在书中讨论了一些作品的细节。它将对佛教的理解和艺术在某种程度上结合起来,但是遗憾的是道教研究几乎没有开始(除了见P. Katz,下面)一个完全理解宗教语境的学者的成果见:S. F. Teiser,“‘Having Once Died and Returned to Life’:Representations of Hell in Medieval China”,Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,48/2(1988),433 - 464。关于晋祠雕塑见:A. McNair,“On the Date of the Shengmudian Sculptures at Jinci”,Artibus Asiac,49(1988 - 1989),238 - 253,书中的信息远比题目所暗示的给读者的多。
关于观音形象演化的较好的研究见:Weidner,Latter Days of the Law,同时见D. Gillman,“A New Image in Chinese Buddhist Sculpture of the Tenth to Tirteenth Century”,Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society,47(1982 - 1983),33 - 44。先前关于僧人肖像的探究颇为简单,可以通过较早的研究补充,见:J. Fontein和M. L. Hickman,Zen Painting and Calligraphy(Boston,1970)。还有H. Brinker的两部:“Ch’an Pofraits in a Landscape”,AAA 27(1973 - 1974),8 - 29和“Body,Relic and Image in Zen Buddhist Portraiture”,International Symposium on Art Historical Studies,vi. Portraiture(Society for International Art Historical Studies;Kyoto,1990),46 - 61。但是,公认的此课题的知识(包括Brinker的观点)近来被一篇非常重要的论文尖锐地攻击,见:T. G. Foulk和R. H. Sharf,“On the Ritual Uses of Ch’an Portraiture in Medieval China”,Cahiers d’Extréme Asie,7(1993 - 1994),149 - 219,艺术史家需要好好地学习理解这篇论文。
P. Katz. “The Funotion of Temple Murals in Imperial China:Te Case of the Yung-lo Kung”,Journal of Chinese Religions,21(1993),45 - 68,是山西道观壁画宗教语境下较好的研究。同时见:N. S. Steinhardt,“Zhu Haogu Reconsidered:A New Date for the ROM(Royal Ontario Museum)Painting and the Southern Shanxi Buddhist-Taoist Style”,Artibus Asiae,48/1 - 2(1987),11 - 16,调查研究了一些关于现今中国境外壁画的风格问题。M. Weidner,Latter Days of the Law(above)提供了关于“水陆画”系列的原始材料,同见:R. L. Torp,Son of Heaven:Imperial Arts of China(Seatle,1988)。
当地背景下的观音崇拜研究,见:W. Watson(ed.),Chinese Ivories from the Shang to the Qing(London,1984),论著同时讨论了一些许多材料中一套小的宗教画像。关于中国早期基督教艺术的著述需要更新,但是一部有吸引力的关于自身课题是基督教观点的研究见:J. Spence,The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci(London,1985)。明清宫廷宗教艺术研究的起点仍是M. Weidner,Latter Days of the Law,这部著述不能绕过。
第四章 文人生活中的艺术
其中一部关于王氏书风的清晰解释的论著见:L. Ledderose,Mi Fu and the Classical Tradition of Chinese Calligraphy(Princeton,1979)。此作者另外论文可作补充,见:“Chinese Calligraphy:Its Aesthetic Dimension and Social Function”,Orientations ,17/10(Oct. 1986),35 - 50和“Some Taoist Elements in the Calligraphy of the Six Dynasties”,T’oung Pao,70(1984),247 - 278。R. C. Kraus,Brushes with Power : Modern Politics and the Chinese Art of Calligraphy(Berkeley,Calif.,1991)非常的明晰易懂,所讨论的范围也远比题目所提示的广泛。关于书法艺术,它是优秀的介绍作品。
J. Hay,“The Human Body as a Microcosmic Source of Macrocosmic Values in Calligraphy”,in S. Bush and C. Murck(eds.),Theories of the Arts in China(Princeton,1983),影响了近来很多的解释研究,并且不局限于书法。关于拓片和碑刻书法研究在英文中所见甚少,但是一个精彩的开端见:A. McNair,“Engraved Calligraphy in China:Rccension and Reception”,Art Bulletin,77/1(1995),106 - 114。
苏轼美学理论和士大夫画产生的研究见:S. Bush和Hsio-yen Shih(eds.),Early Chinese Texts on Painting(Cambridge,Mass.,1985),191 - 240也见S. Bush,The Chinese Literati on Painting(Cambridge,Mass,1971)和W. Fong,Beyond Representation(New York,1992)。P. Bol,“This Culture of Ours”(Stanford,Calif,1992)和K. Smith Jr.,et al.,Sung Dynasty Uses of the I Ching(Princeton,1990)里面也有丰富的材料。J. Cahill,The Practicer’s Practice(New York,1994)提供了大量的告诫性的谎言反对因为实践而误解这些理论,特别是涉及了士大夫画家与普通画工的区分。这位著者早期的文章“Confucian Elements in the Theory of Painting”,收入A. F. Wright(ed.),The Confucian Persuasion(Stanford,Calif.,1960),115 - 140,依然值得研究。
公认的优秀的关于元代绘画的著作有:J. Cahill,Hills Beyond a River:Chinese Painting of the Yuan Dynasty,1279 - 1368(New York,1976)。Bush和Shih,Bush,Fong的著述中有关于元代士大夫画家的讨论,赵孟頫书法的研究见F. W. Mote和H. Chu,Calligraphy and the East Asian Book(Boston and Shafesbuy,1989)。关于他们作品的意义问题,一篇重要的论文是:R. Vinograd,“Family Properties:Personal Context and Cultural Pattern in Wang Meng’s Pien Mountains of 1366”,Ars Orientalis,13(1982),1 - 29。其他的研究在Silbergeld的概述性论文注释中(见上面)。近来一篇复杂但是有意义的关于元代绘画变化的论文是J. Hay,“Boundaries and Surfaces of Self and Desire in Yuan Painting”,收入J. Hay(ed.),Boundaries in China(London,1994),124 - 170。
关于从管道升包括文俶等上层女性艺术家的有意义的展览图录见M. Weidner,E. J. Laing,I. Y. Lo和J. Robinson,Views from Jade Terrace:Chinese Women Artists 1300 - 1912(Indianapolis and New York,1988)。同时作为补充的重要论文是:M. Weidner(ed.),Flowering in the Shadows:Women in the History of Chinese and Japanese Painting(Honolulu,1990)。特别是Shen C. Y. Fu on,“Princess Sengge Ragi:Collector of Painting and Calligraphy”和E. J. Laing,“Women Painters in Traditional China”。
关于王履《华山图》册页的典范性著述是K. M. Liscomb,Learning from Mt. Hua:A Chinese Physcian’s Illustrated Travel Record and Painting Theory(Res Monographs on Anthropology and Aesthetics;Cambridge,1993)。论著体现了如何近距离地研究一件作品从而解释整个领域。关于明代山水中人物类型的绘画的讨论见:C. Clunas,Fruitful Sites:Garden Culture in Ming Dynasty China(London,1996)。关于唐寅和文徵明的研究见:A. Clapp的The Painting of T’ang Yin (Chicago,1991)和Wen Cheng-ming:The Ming Artist and Antiquity(Artibus Asiae Supplementum,34;Ascona,1975)。同时在J. Cahill的著述Parting at the Shore:Chinese painting of the Early and Middle Ming Dynasty,1368 - 1580(New York,1982)中也同时被很好地研究过。
对两个人作诗才华持有质疑态度的研究是J. Chaves,“‘Meaning beyond the Painting’:The Chinese Painter as Poet”,收入A. Murck and W. C. Fong,Words and Images(New York,1991),431 - 458。
关于晚明,J. Cahill,The Distant Mountains:Chinese Painting of Late Ming Dynasty1570 - 1644(New York,1982),可以作为前书补充的是关于这一阶段关键人物的重要研究,见:W. Ho(ed.),The Century of Tung Ch’i-ch’ang1555 - 1636,2 vols. (Seattle and London,1992)。这一问题上有意义的研究论文见:C. C. Reily,“Tung Ch’i-ch’ang’s Life”,pp. 385 - 458,是在英文中最充分地研究在帝国时代一个天才般的上层艺术家身上的社会和艺术政策之间的相互作用。有一些重要的关于晚明文化的论文见:C. Li和J. C. Y. Watt(eds.),The Chinese Scholar’s Studio:Artistic Life in the Late Ming Period(New York and London,1987)。
关于17世纪错综的艺术的研究见:J. Cahill,The Compelling Image:Nature and Style in Seventeenth-Century Chinese Painting(Cambridge,Mass.,1982)。关于朝代更替之时的艺术风格的讨论见:J. Hay,“Te Suspension of Dynastic Time”,收入J. Hay(ed.),Boundaries in China(1994),171 - 197。在这一时期作为复兴的绘画门类的肖像画研究是专著R. Vinograd,Boundaries of the Self:Chinese Portraits 1600 - 1900(Cambridge,1992)的核心主题。早先比较有名的八大山人的研究专著是Wang Fangyu和R. M. Barnhart,Master of the Lotus Garden:The Life and Art of Bada Shanren(1626 - 1705)(New Haven,1990)。关于17世纪地方画派一些较好的研究论文见:C. Li(ed.),Artists and Patrons(Lawrence,Kan.,1989).
关于高其佩的研究见:K. Ruitenbeek,Discarding the Brush:Gao Qipei(1660 - 1734)and the Art of Chinese Finger Painting(Amsterdam,1992)。关于清代对早期书法兴趣的复兴几乎没有什么英文研究;参见上面引用到的A. McNair的论文,也见J. Guo,Word as Image:The Art of Chinese Seal Engraving(New York,1992),内容比题目所指的更普遍。另外一部关于书法的通论性著作是T. Y. Ecke,A History of Chinese Calligraphy(Hong Kong,1993),也涉及了这个问题。过去几十年中任熊创作的真人大小的自画像几乎成为中国绘画中被研究最多的。见:Vinograd,Boundaries of the Self(上面)和(作为一个文化理论转到这个和其他肖像作品的例子),A. Zito,“Silk and Skin:Signiifcant Boundaries”,in A. Zito and T. E. Barlow(eds.),Body Subject and Power in China(Chicago,1994),103 - 130。
第五章 艺术市场
关于版画和插图书的研究见:M. Bickford,Bones of Jade,Soul of Ice:The Flowering Plum in Chinese Art(New Haven,1985),又见J. Needham,Science and Civilisation in China,Ⅴ/Ⅰ:Tsien Tsuen-hsin,Paper and Printing(Cambridge,1985),S. Edgren,Chinese Rare Books in American Collections(New York,1985),Mote and Chu,Calligraphy and the Chinese Book和H. Kobayashi and S. Sabin,“The Great Age of Anhui Printing”,inJ. Cahill(ed.),Shadows of Mt Huang:Chinese Painting and Printing of the Anhui School(Berkeley,Calif,1991)。
关于陶瓷,可参见Valenstein和Vainker(上面)的论著。关于王镇的收藏活动的分析参见K. Liscomb,“A Collection of Painting and Calligraphy Discovered in the Inner Coffin of Wang Zhen(d. 1495)”,Archives of Asian Art,47(1994),6 - 34。关于收藏,还有艺术品市场的研究,参见:C. Clunas,Superfluous Things:Material Culture and Social Status in Early Modern China(Cambridge,1991)。
关于仇英的研究在J. Cahill,Parting at the Shore(above)和E. J. Laing,“Ch’iu Ying’s Two Garden Paintings Belonging to the Chion-in,Kyoto”,in International Colloquium on Chinese Art History,1991:Proceedings,Painting and Calligraphy(2 vols.,Taipei,1992),331 - 358,挑战了传统意义上对金谷园的理解。R. Whitfeld,“Chinese Paintings from the Collection of A rchduke Ferdinand II”,Oriental Art,22(1976),406 - 416,以阿姆布拉斯宫的绘画为研究主题。
关于作为一种艺术门类的丝织品的研究刚刚开始,但一些有趣的材料见:Weidner(ed.),Jade Terrace,收入D. Ko,Teachers of the Inner Chambers:Woman and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China(Stanford,Calif.,1994),特别参见172 - 176页。明代工艺品的署名的意义的讨论见Clunas,Superfluous Things。专业的(死者)人物肖像的讨论见R. Vinograd,Boundaries of the Self(Cambridge,1992),也见J. Cahill,Parting at the Shore。关于肖像画和相面术的密切关系的研究见M. Siggstedt,“Forms of Fate:An Investigation of the Relationship Between Formal Portraiture,Especially Ancestor Portraits,and Physiognomy(xiangshu)in China”in International Colloquium on Chinese Art History,1991:Proceedings,Painting and Calligraphy(2 vols.,Taipei,1992),713 - 748。
关于陈洪绶难以表述的特点已经很好地被阐明,他模糊的社会角色也被很好地探究,参见A. Burkus-Chasson,“Elegant or Common?Chen Hongshou’s Birthday Presentation Pictures and His Professional Status”,Art Bulletin,26/2(June1994),279 - 300。这位艺术家也在Cahill,Restless Landscape,和Vinograd的Boundariesof the Self中被讨论。
清代绘画研究中并没有和Cahill概述元、明艺术水平相近的论著。但是Chou和Brown的两部目录,The Elegant Brush和Transcending Turmoil,某种程度上一起修补了两者间的鸿沟。
关于外销艺术,最近的研究可见C. Clunas(ed.),Chinese. Export Art and Design(London,1987)和C. L. Crossman,The Decorative Arts of the China Trade(Woodbridge,1991)。照相术在英文中还没有被充分地讨论,只有一些中文著述,主要的是Chen Shen et al.,Zhongguo sheying shi(《中国摄影史》,台北,1990),一定程度上重现了早期中国摄影实践,相对于那些旅美或旅欧的艺术家,已经很好地做了研究。关于上海19世纪的艺术赞助问题的研究见S. Y. Lee,“Art Patronage of Shanghai in the Ninctecnth Century”,收入C. Li(ed.),Artists and Patrons(Lawrence,Kan.,1989),223 - 231。
R. Croizier,Art and Revolution in Modern China:The Lingnan(Canton)School of Painting,1906 - 1951(Berkeley,Calif.,1988),研究点集中于民国时期的艺术政治见解。由Kao Mayching编撰的论文集Twentieth-Century Chinese Painting(Hong Kong,1988)推进了相关研究。
关于徐悲鸿的研究见:The Art of Xu Beihong(Hong Kong Museum of Art,Hong Kong,n. d.)。之前中国不为注意的现代主义开始被发现研究,一个较好的研究是R. Croizier,“Post-Impressionists in Pre-War Shanghai:Te Juelanshe(Storm Society)and the Fate of Modemism in Republican China”,in J. Clark(ed.),Modernity in Asian Art(Broadway,NSW,1993),135 - 154。
关于中国共产党的艺术生产政策的杰出研究是J. F. Andrews,Printers and Politics in the people’s Republic of China 1949 - 1979(Berkeley,Calif.,1994). 但是在J. L. Cohen,The New Chinese Painting,1949 - 1986(New York,1987)和E. J. Laing,The Winking owl:Art in the People’s Republic of China(Berkeley Calif.,1988)中有很多有用的材料。Laing除了研究绘画,还擅长处理雕塑和工艺美术材料。Kraus,Brushes with Power有趣地涉及了中华人民共和国时期的书法这一特殊案例。Andrews,Cohen和Laing的叙事一直到了“星星画会”,但是对当代艺术发展的解析很难拓展。不错的起步研究的有:1992年7月份的Orientations,专来讨论当代艺术,J. Noth,I. Pohlmann和K. Reschke(eds.),China Avant-Garde(Berlin,1993),J. F. Andrews和Gao Minglu,“Te Avant-Garde’s Challenge to Ofcial Art”,in D. Davis’s et al(eds.),Urban Spaces in Contempory China:The Potential for Autonomy and Community in Post-Mao China(Cambridge,1995),221 - 278。