第二节 技巧指南

为了帮助考生进一步明确所要考查的目标，对听力内容充分分析、概括、总结，并做出正确的推理、判断，最后得出答案，下面分别讲解四种类型考题的特点及解题技巧。

◆短对话

1.试题特点

（1）注重考查逻辑思维

全国大学生英语竞赛听力对话部分，能够从对话原文中直接找到答案的题目比重较小，而那些要求参赛学生对对话内容作深刻的逻辑思维，从而判断出对话人的意图、态度或意见要求的题所占比重较大。

（2）对话内容涉及面广

无论是长对话还是短对话，话题基本以衣、食、住、行等日常生活为主。

（3）对话的方式多为一问一答

在短对话听力测试中，对话的方式多为问答式，首先由第一个人提出一个问题，再由第二个人予以回答。或者由第一个人陈述一个观点，第二个人表示附和或反对。问答的回合数一般不会超过三个。

2.解题攻略

短对话作为听力理解部分中较为简单的一类题型，有其特定的解题技巧。

（1）提前快速浏览题目及选项，把握听音重点

考生应充分利用试卷发下到Directions播完的这段时间，迅速浏览试卷上这部分所给的选项，这样在听的时候能有的放矢地捕捉关键信息，弄清对话环境和意图，最后排除各干扰项，做出正确选择。

例1 2012年C类初赛

According to the man,who is going to take over the position they are talking about?

A.Janice.

B.Someone else.

C.Meryl.

【听音重点】根据题目中“take over the position”及选项中的人物，可以猜出对话是关于职位调换，听录音时应重点注意文中出现的人名。

【录音原文】

M:Janice won't be coming back after she's had her baby,so do we keep Meryl,or do we need to find someone else?

W:As far as I'm concerned,Meryl can stay.I think she's done agreat job over the last month.

M:I'm sorry,but Ireally can't agree with you.She hasn't got the right manner.Take for example that incident with the customer acouple of days ago.The customer wasn't very friendly,but that's no excuse for being rude.

例2 2012年A类初赛

Why is the woman in agood mood?

A.The copier worked and she got the copies.

B.She kicked the copier and now feels better.

C.She had the copier fixed in time.

【听音重点】由题干中的woman以及选项中的copier，可知女士心情好是和copier有关，因此在听音时要注意女士是如何表述和copier相关的内容的。

【录音原文】

W:This stupid thing keeps getting jammed.I can't get it to make any copies.

M:So it makes sense you're in such agood humor.

W:I gave it agood kick and feel better.

（2）注意捕捉说话人的弦外之音

对话部分有很多问题都不是针对讲话人的字面意思发问的，考生必须体会到讲话人的言外之意，才能推断出正确选项。

例1 2005年C类初赛

A.Pleasant.

B.Unhappy.

C.Indifferent.

D.Hesitating.

【录音原文】

M:Honey,I asked my boss to come to the dinner party,OK?

W:Why didn't you ask me first?

Q:What's the woman's attitude?

【解析】对话中女士并未直接给出自己的意见，但是由女士的回答“Why didn't you ask me first?”，即“为什么你没有先问我”，可知女士是不高兴男士做这样的决定。

例2 2012年B类初赛

What does the man mean?

A.The woman need not consider her advisor in her decision.

B.The woman should not take Dr.Sullivan's course.

C.The woman need not worry about her physics course.

【录音原文】

W:I'd like to take Dr.Sullivan's section of Physics100,but my advisor is teaching it too,and Idon't want her to be offended.

M:Who cares?

W:Well,I don't want to get on her bad side.

M:I wouldn't worry about it.

Q:What does the man mean?

【解析】女士想选Dr.Sullivan的课，而她的导师也开此课，她便向男士征求意见，该对话中男士并未直接表达他的意见，但是由男士说的Who cares?可知，男士是告诉女士她的决定不用考虑导师。

（3）熟练掌握有关日常生活等方面的词语、习语、句型等

熟悉日常生活中常用的词汇、短语、习语、句型，能使考生听到相关对话时迅速做出反应，提高答题效率和正确率。

例1 2012年A类决赛

How often does the man play cricket?

A.Seldom.

B.Frequently.

C.Never

【录音原文】

M:I got abackache from playing cricket.

W:I didn't know you played cricket.

M:Well,once in ablue moon.

【解析】在回答这个问题时，男士说到once in ablue moon（极为罕见，千载难逢），可知他很少玩板球。如果知道这个习语，就不难选出正确答案。

例2 2008年B类初赛

A.Every day.

B.Twice aweek.

C.Twice amonth.

【录音原文】

A:I really love this bar.They always have great drink specials.

B:Do you know when they have“Happy Hour”?

A:Every Friday and Saturday from6p.m.to8p.m.

Q:How often does the bar have“Happy Hour”?

【解析】由A的话可知，该酒吧每周的周五和周六两天是Happy Hour。Happy Hour指减价供应饮料等的时间（酒吧间术语）。

3.题型分析

听力短对话试题类型多样，这里主要介绍常涉及的七种题型及针对各题型的答题技巧。

（1）地点与方向（Locations and Directions）

地点与方向类试题在对话中经常出现。这类题目根据对话内容，就有关地点提问，要求考生从ABC三个选项中选出正确答案。这些地点包括对话进行的地点、对话涉及的事件的地点、涉及的人物的地点或人物来自哪里及要去的地点。

考题类型

①直接型。地点在对话中会直接出现，但提到的地点通常不止一个，考生需要对其进行辨认、选择。

例 2012年D类决赛

Where's Joe going to travel this time?

A.Italy.

B.Denmark.

C.Germany.

【录音原文】

F:It's so nice that you can always travel around.Where are you going this time,Joe?

M:At first,I thought about going to Italy or Denmark.Considering the cost,I decided on Germany.

F:Show me your photos when you come back.

【解析】Joe本打算去意大利或丹麦，可是考虑到路费太贵，于是改为去德国，选C项。

例 2010年B类决赛

Which airport will the speakers depart from?

A.Heathrow

B.Milan

C.Liverpool

【录音原文】

W:Berry,we really must book out flight soon.

M:Yes,I know.We can do it on the Internet.Let's see.There is aflight from Liverpool to Bangkok every day.But we have to change at Milan.

W:So there isn't adirect flight?

M:We can get adirect flight from Heathrow.But it's more expensive.

W:Let's get aflight from Liverpool then.

【解析】在对话最后女士说Let's get aflight from Liverpool then，可推测他们最后会从Liverpool出发。

②间接型。没有直接提到地点或方向，要求考生根据对话的主题和内容进行推理判断。

例 2009年A类初赛

Where is the woman?

A.In afilm processing shop.

B.In aphotocopy shop.

C.In abookshop.

【录音原文】

W:Good morning,I'd like two of this,please.

M:Is that in color or black-and-white?

W:In color,please,just as it is.

M:Of course.You do realize color is more expensive,don't you?

W:That's fine,I'm not bothered about the cost.

M:It's anice drawing.Did you do it?

W:No,no.Actually,I got it from an art book.

【解析】对话中女士让男士保留it的原色彩，并说it是从美术书中得来的，可推断it为图片，而女士想将其彩色复印。由此可推断女士应是在复印店里。

例2 2009年C类初赛

Where does this conversation probably take place?

A.In an engine room.

B.In acar.

C.In afactory.

【录音原文】

W:Is that sound coming from the engine?

M:I'm not sure.It could be the air conditioner.

W:Let's pull over and take alook.

【解析】对话中提到的“pull over”一词是“把车停到一边”的意思，因此可推测对话发生在车里。

答题技巧

对于直接型考题，考生应先看题目，确定题目所问的对象是男士还是女士，然后再针对对话中的地点进行辨认、选择。

对于间接型考题，考生则应特别注意对话的主题，如在学校，话题常围绕学习展开。这类考题所涉及的场所通常有：学校、邮局、图书馆、商店、医院、餐馆、机场、车站、银行等。考生要注意与这些特定场所有关的词语。

常考场景相关词汇总结如下

学校用语：

bachelor's degree学士学位

master's degree硕士学位

doctor's degree博士学位

graduate ceremony毕业典礼

academic year学年

make-up examination补考

required/obligatory course必修课

optional/elective course选修课

mid-term examination期中考试

final examination期末考试

register/enroll注册

campus校园

credit学分

quiz小测验

freshman大一学生

sophomore大二学生

junior大三学生

senior大四学生

postgraduate研究生

seminar研讨会

scholarship奖学金

tuition学费

diploma毕业证书

society学生社团

student union学生会

dormitory宿舍

clinic校医院

major专业

thesis论文

机场、车站用语：

first class头等舱

economy class经济舱

express trains快车

direct flight直达航班

international flight国际航班

domestic flight国内航班

behind the schedule晚点/误点

check-in procedure登机手续

left-luggage office行李寄存处

stewardess/air hostess空姐

steward空中先生

waiting lounge候机大厅

waiting room候车室

conductor列车长

car attendant列车员

passport护照

visa签证

airliner班机

flight航班

board登机

gate登机口

land着陆

departure起飞

take off起飞

seat belt安全带

银行用语：

current account现金账户

exchange rate汇率

foreign currency外汇

traveler's check旅游支票

open an account开户

savings account储蓄账户

interest rate利率

installment分期付款

credit card信用卡

passbook存折

withdraw取钱

overdraw透支

cash现金

check支票

deposit存款

loan贷款

teller出纳

图书馆用语：

loan desk借书处

library card借书卡

reference room参考资料室

reference book参考书

issue（期刊、报纸）期

due（书、作业等）到期应交还的

catalogue目录

current issue现刊

back issue过刊

periodical期刊

fiction/novel小说

index索引

renew续借

overdue超期

pay afine交罚金

bookshelf书架

餐馆用语：

go Dutch AA制

Chinese food中餐

Western style food西餐

soft drink不含酒精的饮料

be full/stuffed吃饱

pay abill付账

treat sb.to sth.请某人吃某物

rare三分熟的

medium五成熟的

well-done全熟的

appetizer开胃菜

refreshment茶点

cold dish冷盘

dessert甜点

soup汤

tender嫩的

menu菜单

tip小费

buffet自助餐

snack快餐

order点菜

邮局用语：

airmail航空快件

ordinary/regular mail平信

registered mail挂号信

stamps counter/window卖邮票处

ordinary telegram普通电报

urgent telegram加急电报

express mail快递

special delivery限时专递

overweight charge超重费

return address回函地址

sender's address寄件人地址

package包裹

parcel form包裹单

postage邮资

zip code邮政编码

remittance汇款

商店用语：

daily necessities日用品

check-out/cash desk付款台

men's/women's department男/女装部

Cash or charge?付现金还是记账？

bargain讨价还价

one price不还价，单一价

fixed prices定价

promotion促销

20%discount off打八折

packing/wrapping包装

on sale甩卖

sold out卖完

in stock有货

out of stock无货

cashier出纳员

fashion时尚

医院用语：

blood pressure血压

emergency room急诊

operation room手术室

give an injection注射

visiting hours探视时间

surgeon外科医生

physician内科医生

traditional Chinese medicine中医

take one's temperature量体温

dentist牙医

cough咳嗽

flu流感

fever发烧

headache头痛

sneeze打喷嚏

a sore throat嗓子疼

indigestion消化不良

prescription处方

check-up体检

ward病房

treat治疗

cure/heal治愈

dose剂量

tablet药片

capsule胶囊

first-aid kit急救箱

宾馆用语：

room service客房服务

single/double room单/双人间

check in/out登记入住/付账后离开

reservation预定

reception desk登记处

service counter服务台

duration of stay停留时间

suite套间

inn客栈

full up客满

vacancy空房

理发店用语：

hairdresser美发师

blow the hair吹头发

haircut理发

hairstyle发型

beard胡须

mustache髭

curly卷发的

bob剪短

shave刮胡子

cut剪发

海关用语：

allowance限额

go through the customs通关

declare申报

duty free免税的

visa签证

办公室用语：

vacancy空缺

appointment预约

candidate求职者

job applicant求职者

fire/dismiss解雇

employer老板

employee雇员

resume简历

scanner扫描仪

printer打印机

fax传真

file文件

copier复印机

schedule时间表

法庭用语：

jury陪审团

accuse控诉

My Lord/Your Honor法官大人

guilty有罪的

innocent清白的

crime犯罪

witness证人

（2）时间与数字（Time and Numerals）

时间与数字类的题目包括直接型和隐含型。

考题类型

①直接型。该类考题不需要计算，答案直接出现在对话的多个数字中，要求考生根据题目从所给选项中直接辨认出答案。主要考查考生对数字的辨认及记忆能力。

例1 2010年C类决赛

How much did the job advertisement cost?

A.＄10

B.＄15

C.＄20

【录音原文】

W:I've put the job advertisement in the newspaper,Mr.Trim.And it was abit more than$10they quoted us.

M:As long as it was not$10a day.

W:No,a week actually.I paid$15in the end.I put it in for2weeks which should have made it$20,but they gave us a$5discount.

例2 2009年D类初赛

What time was the man's appointment?

A.10:30

B.11:00

C.11:40

【录音原文】

M:Hello,I have an appointment to see the dentist at11:00.

W:Oh,dear.You are very late,that was over half an hour ago.

M:What's time is it now?

W:It's11:40.

②隐含型。选项中的时间或数字不会直接出现在对话里，有时需进行简单的计算。

例 2011年B类初赛

How much does it cost for acouple with two children to get into the castle?

A.￡15

B.￡10.50

C.￡12

【录音原文】

M:Can you tell me how much it costs to get into Sudeley Castle?

W:Yes,it costs￡4.50for adults and￡3for children.

【解析】女士说成人票价是4.5英镑，儿童是3英镑。一对夫妇和两个孩子总计15英镑，故选A项。

答题技巧

对于直接型考题，考生需要根据题目和对话内容在三个数字中进行选择，因此考生可以利用短暂的间隙浏览题目，查看题目所提问的对象，之后在听对话内容时将该对象所对应的数字记录下来。

对于隐含型考题，该类考题的答案有时需要进行简单的计算，如将数字进行加减等。这要求考生在听对话时需将对话中出现的所有数字和其对应的对象记下来，以便根据题目中要求回答的对象进行计算。

①对于时间题，要注意以下几点：

A.时间、日期和年代的读法。

“-teen”和“-ty”是众多考生容易混淆的，应该注意区分。主要区别为：第一，重音不同。前者重音在词末，而后者重音在词首。第二，是否有鼻音。结尾发音有鼻音/n/的单词为“-teen”。如：fourteen和forty,thirteen和thirty等。

B.时间。

5:12five twelve/twelve past five

7:15seven fifteen/a quarter past seven(after seven)

8:45eight forty-five/a quarter to nine

11:50eleven fifty/ten to twelve

2:00p.m./14:00two p.m./fourteen hundred hours

12:00twelve/noon/midday

24:00midnight

C.日期与年代。

3月15日March15th/the15th of March

每隔一天（每两天）every other day/every two days

几天前the other day/a few days ago

两星期fortnight/period of two weeks

20世纪the twentieth century

19世纪40年代in the eighteen forties

公元前450年（450BC）four hundred and fifty BC/four fifty BC

②对于数字题，要注意以下表达方式（同一意义的不同表达）：

A.多位数的表达。

10ten/a decade

12twelve/a dozen

1960nineteen sixty

1900nineteen hundred

B.分数与小数。

分数：分子用基数表示，分母用序数表示

1/2(0.5)one half(zero point five)

1/4(0.25)one fourth/a quarter(zero point twenty five)

C.号码、货币。

电话号码按位数逐个读出来，如87316789。

房间号码、邮政编码、街道等：180one-eighty/one-eight-zero

注意数量单位与单位基数的不同。如：a penny=one cent,a nickel=five cents,a quarter=twenty-five cents,a half dollar=fifty cents.

③注意数字换算：

掌握听力课堂中所列的与数字相关的表达方式。由于每个对话间隔的时间短，既要回忆对话内容，又要阅读选择项，还要进行计算，因此熟练掌握换算进率是十分必要的。

星期、日期、时、分的换算进率分别为7、30/31、24、60等。

A quarter指时间是15分钟，指月份是一季度（三个月），指百分比为25%。

（3）身份与关系（Identity and Relationships）

对话中身份与关系类题是指根据对话内容就与对话有关人物的职业、身份或人物之间的关系提问，要求参赛学生从所给选项中选出一个正确答案的题型。

该类考题包括考查职业身份和考查二者关系两种，其提问角度主要有以下四种：

①就对话人某一方的职业身份提问。

What is the woman's job?

②就对话人之间的关系提问。

What's the relationship between the man and the woman?

③就对话中涉及的第三者的职业、身份提问。

What do you think is Mary's profession?

④就对话中涉及的第三者与第四者之间的关系提问。

What is the relationship between Tom and Jerry?

考题类型

①考查职业身份

这类题涉及的职业主要有教师、学生、图书管理员、医生/牙医、营业员、服务员、修理工、家庭主妇等。

例 2011年D类初赛

Who is the man talking to?

A.A baker's delivery service.

B.An office supply store salesperson.

C.A book designer.

【录音原文】

M:What is your minimum order for delivery purposes?

W:One hundred dollars.And deliveries are made on Monday,Wednesday and Friday.

M:Then could you add two rolls of fax paper and some notebooks?

【解析】男士最后问能不能再加two rolls of fax paper and some notebooks，由此可知他在买办公用品，故选B。

例 2009年C类初赛

What do the two speakers probably do for aliving?

A.Office clerks.

B.Printers.

C.Architects.

【录音原文】

M:Luria,could we go over these blueprints for the supermarket after lunch?

W:Yes,I just have to fax this verification to abuilder.

M:I hope it won't take long.We need to make some minor changes.

②考查二者之间关系

这类题涉及的这类关系主要有：教师与学生、医生与病人、丈夫与妻子、借书者与馆员、旅客与服务员、老板与雇员、修理工与顾客等。

例 2005年D类初赛

A.Customer and salesman.

B.Teacher and student.

C.Doctor and patient.

D.Boss and employee.

【录音原文】

M:Come on in!Hi,Jane!

W:Thank you,Mr.Thompson.

M:All right.So,what did you want to see me about?

W:Well,I asked for this meeting to talk to you about my pay.

M:What about it?Do you feel you're not being rewarded fairly?

W:I'm afraid Ido.

M:I'm sorry that you feel that way.I admit that you work very hard,so I'll find away to make it up for you.Okay?

W:Thank you.

Q:What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?

答题技巧

①如选项为关于职业、身份及关系方面的词汇，可断定该题属于身份与关系类对话。

②对话中一般不会直接提及人物的身份与关系，需要通过对话中的预期及关键词来进行判断。因此，考生应该掌握与特定语言环境及表示人物身份职业相关的词汇，并在做题时注意捕捉与人物职业身份相关的关键词。

③应该注意对话人的语气。不同关系的人物对话，其语气特征会比较明显。如夫妻、恋人之间常用比较亲昵的语气；同学、朋友之间常用比较随意的语气；而下属于老板则常用比较恭敬的语气。注意体会说话者的口气、语调及所用的称呼，这将有助于判断对话者之间的关系。如：

Dr.是学生对老师或病人对医生的称呼；

Mr.,Mrs.反映下级对上级或学生对老师的称呼；

Prof.用于对教授的称呼；

Darling用于夫妻之间。

参考词汇

（4）态度与建议（Attitude and Suggestion）

考生需根据对话内容的关键词、上下文甚至语气、语调的内涵意义并利用逻辑思维能力进行判断，找出对话中人物对某事件或某人的观点态度。

常见的提问方式：

How does the man/woman feel about?

What does the man/woman think of...?

What does the man/woman mean?

What does the man/woman say about...?

例 2007年A类初赛

A.Excited.

B.Annoyed.

C.Worried.

【录音原文】

A:Look,it's already8o'clock,and Tom said he'd be here by7.

B:Yes,but you know what the traffic is like at this time of the day.

A:He said he'd make aspecial effort not to be late.Why does he always do this?

B:Take it easy.There's probably areasonable explanation.

A:You mean he'll give us one of his typical excuses?Well,I've had enough of it already.

Q:How does the woman feel about Tom's being late?

【解析】根据录音中的关键词“always”及“had enough of”，可推测出女士对于Tom迟到这件事很生气。

例 2010年B类初赛

What does the woman think of Matt?

A.He is not trustworthy

B.He is quite honest

C.He is helpful

【录音原文】

M:Where is Matt?He promised to meet me here this afternoon.

W:You shouldn't believe what Matt says.He often tells lies and breaks promises.

M:I do not agree.I know he sometimes forgets things,but he isn't dishonest.And if Ihad aproblem,I'd ask Matt for advice.

W:Well,I wouldn't.When Joan told him about her boyfriend,everyone in the school soon learned about it.He can't keep asecret.

【解析】女士的话如“You shouldn't believe what Matt says,Well,I wouldn't”以及“He can't keep asecret”都充满了她对Matt的消极评论和不信任。

例 2012年D类初赛

What does Steven think of the lecture?

A.He is doubtful about some of its evidence.

B.He has the same opinion as Angela on the lecture.

C.He thinks it is quite logical and credible.

【录音原文】

F:I thought the lecture on UK regional accents had some credible points about the ways in which English is changing.What do you think of it,Steven?

M:To be honest,Angela,I'm quite skeptical of some of the evidence.It seems to me that their predictions were insufficiently detailed.

F:Really?I thought the research method appeared to be logical.

答题技巧

①答案通常与后者的话有关，选项中有关第一说话人的话通常不是正确答案。

第一人态度为肯定时，第二人的回答有：

支持：yes,sure,of course,that's agood idea,out of question...

反对：no,not really,not likely,not at all,no way,out of the question...

第一人态度为否定，第二人的回答有：

支持：no,of course not,you don't...

反对：yes,of course,you do...

②看清问题，找准听音重点。

观点态度类试题主要是判断对话中说话人对所谈及的事或人所持的观点及态度。考生做这类试题时要注意理解对话中的大意，并且还要注意问题中考查的是男士还是女士的观点，以免错判。

③这里要注意几种关于态度的表达方式：

A.双重否定表肯定。

not impossible,can't agree...any more,not unusual等。

B.部分否定的词。

not all...(或：all...not),not every（或：every...not）,not always等。

C.虚拟语气表假设，非真实情况。

④熟练掌握表示建议的常用句式：

Why not...?

Why don't you/we...?

How about...?

You'd better...

You may/might as well...

If Iwere you,I would...

I'd rather you...

（5）行为与计划（Action and Plan）

行为与计划类题目的选项常以to+V(或不带to的不定式)短语形式、V-ing短语形式或V-ed短语形式出现。对话中常会出现一个或几个动作，要求考生根据对话的内容，迅速记忆提及的动作及相关信息、动作发生的前后顺序以及动作与动作发出者的对应关系等。

该类试题要求考生对对话的主题及题目中说话人的行为进行判断，主要的提问方式有：

What does the man want to do?

What is the man planning to do?

What is the man going to do?

What are the two speakers talking about?

......

①考查过去的行为

例 2012年A类初赛

What did the woman do last night?

A.Watched TV.

B.Went to the circus.

C.Practiced juggling.

【录音原文】

M:Did you have fun last night?

W:To be frank,I've seen better things on television.I didn't like seeing large animals performing tricks,and the jugglers weren't as skillful as Ithought they'd be.

M:Sounds like awaste of money,then.

【解析】女士说不喜欢看large animals杂耍和jugglers变戏法，认为还不如电视节目精彩，而男士也认为她的做法浪费了时间。所以判断她昨晚去了马戏团看表演。

②考查将来的行为

例 2009年B类初赛

Two people are talking.What do they decide to do this evening?

A.Go to the cinema.

B.Rent avideo player.

C.Go to afriend's house.

【录音原文】

W:What are you doing this evening?

M:Well,I've got alot of work to do.I ought to stay at home and study,really.

W:Oh,come on.It's Saturday.

M:Well,how about going to the cinema,then?

W:There is nothing on that Iwant to see.

M:Oh,all right.Well,we could rent avideo and watch that.

W:Neither of us has avideo player.

M:No.But Tony's got anew DVD player.How about renting amovie to watch with him at his place?

W:Oh,that's agreat idea.

【解析】对话中两人最后决定去租个影碟到Tony家用他的DVD player一起观看。

③考查现在的行为

例 2010年C类初赛

What is the woman probably doing now?

A.She is writing an essay.

B.She is studying for atest.

C.She is shopping for shoes.

【录音原文】

M:There is an article in this magazine that might interest you.It's about buying running shoes.

W:If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam.I can't read it now.

M:Calm down.

【解析】当男士向女士推荐杂志上的一篇文章时，女士说如果不是关于化学和考试，那她就不看了，可知她可能是在准备考试。

答题技巧

听对话时要对与动作有关的内容特别注意，抓住表示时间顺序的词语，如since,before,after,then等，还要特别注意对话中所使用的时态和重复出现的词，这些往往是答题的关键。

（6）因果（Cause and Effect）

此类题型较难，因为原因的阐述通常会出现在第一句，容易被忽视，且该类题信号词较少，需听完完整对话后才能明白其内容重点。

常见的提问方式：

Why can't sb.do sth.?

Why is sb....

Why does sb....

例 2012年C类决赛

Why does the woman support immigration?

A.She thinks it is right to share resources.

B.She thinks immigration brings job opportunities.

C.She thinks they've got enough immigrants.

【录音原文】

M:What are your views about immigration?Do you think we allow more people to come into this country than we should?

W:Not at all!In fact,I think we should allow even more immigrants to come than we do at the moment.I think it's right that we should share what we have with other people.We live in amulti-cultural society and we should help people who are in danger in their own countries.

M:So you don't worry that immigrants are taking our jobs?

【解析】女士认为应该和别人共享资源，而且应该救济那些在本国处于危险之中的人们，故选A项。

例 2012年D类初赛

Why isn't Cathy going to the meeting tomorrow?

A.She doesn't know when it will be.

B.She doesn't have to go.

C.She has to go to aparty.

【录音原文】

F:I didn't go to the meeting yesterday.Is the next one tomorrow?

M:Yes.It's at three p.m.Are you going to attend it,Cathy?

F:No,it snot arequired meeting.And I've got alot of work to do.But,could you let me know if they mention the party?

【解析】Cathy没被要求参加会议，她询问会议并不是要参加，而是想知道会上有没有提party的事，因此判断她不用去，选B项。

例 2009年A类初赛

Why is the man late?

A.The trains were delayed.

B.He couldn't find abus stop.

C.Something went wrong with his friend's motorbike.

【录音原文】

M:Sorry,I'm late.Did you hear about the trains?

W:Yes,I heard they were running late.

M:Well,I realized Imight be late,so Itried to find abus and on my way Ibumped into Jerry.He offered me alift on his motorbike.But unfortunately,it was exhausted by flameout,so in the end,I had to walk.

【解析】对话中提到男士已知道火车会晚点，为避免迟到已作出安排。男士迟到的原因是在搭乘朋友便车的时候，朋友的车总是flameout（熄火），只能步行上班。所以，正确答案应为C项。

答题技巧

①注意听清第二个人的讲话内容，尤其是当第二个对话人使用I'd like to...,but...句式时，but之后就是具体原因。

②熟悉一些表示因果关系的词和短语,在听录音时要特别注意以下词或短语之后的内容。

（7）气候与天气

谈论天气的人一般是朋友或家庭成员，内容涉及气候、温度、环境及天气对人们生活和出行的影响。

例 2007年C类初赛

A.Rainy.

B.Sunny.

C.Cloudy.

【录音原文】

W:Take your rain coat with you,John.

M:No need.It doesn't look like it's going to rain.The sun is shining.

W:But these days it often rains in the afternoon.

Q:What's the weather like while they are having the conversation?

【解析】由第二句话可知他们谈话的时候天气是Sunny。

例 2006年D类初赛

A.Cold and cloudy.

B.Cold and rainy.

C.Cold and snowy.

D.Cold and windy.

【录音原文】

W:How was your holiday,Mike?

M:We had agood time,but the weather was awful.We didn't have one sunny day!

W:Oh dear,a week of rain,poor you!

M:Well,that's the funny thing.It never actually rained,it was just freezing cold and cloudy.We thought it might even snow.

Q:What was the weather like on Mike's holiday?

【解析】由Mike回答的第二句话可知，在他的整个假期期间，天气都不好“freezing cold and cloud”。

答题技巧

解答该类题型要注意关于气候与天气的相关词汇及短语：

climate,forecast,get worse,sunny,bright,warm(up),cloudy,overcast,gloomy,windy,foggy,rain,snow,snow storm,etc.

冷暖:temperature,hot,cold,such asevere winter,etc.

（8）主题（Subject）

该类题目要求考生根据对话中的内容判断他们讨论的主题是什么。

常见提问方式为：

What are they/the two speakers talking about?

......

例 2012年A类初赛

What are the speakers talking about?

A.A photo.

B.Colors.

C.A painting.

【录音原文】

M:What do you think of this one?

W:To be honest,it's not really my taste.I'm not really into this style of portrait.And it sort of looks like aphoto to me.

M:I like the colors,and the expression on her face is kind of intense.

【解析】从女士的评价I'm not really into this style of portrait,photo以及男士的colors可知对话是在讨论一幅画。

例 2009年B类初赛

Two people are talking.What are they talking about?

A.A TV programme.

B.A film.

C.A concert.

【录音原文】

M:Did you enjoy it?

W:Not really.I thought it was rather disappointing.

M:Oh?Why is that?

W:It wasn't really what Iexpected.It went on too long.

M:No.But you must admit that on the big screen,it looked great.

W:Well,I think it would have been just as good seeing it at home.

M:Ah,but it won't be on video till next year.

W:I can't wait that long.

【解析】由对话可知他们不是在家看的节目，排除选项A。对话中提到on the big screen，可以推测他们是在看电影而不是听音乐会。

例 2011年D类初赛

What are the speakers talking about?

A.What to have for lunch.

B.Whether or not to eat out.

C.How to get to the conference.

【录音原文】

W:Will we have time to go out for lunch?

M:I think we should have it delivered to the office.

W:You're right.We can't afford to be late for that conference.

【解析】由对话内容可知，这两个人要参加一个会议，因此没有时间去外面吃饭，所以最后决定叫外卖。由此可知他们在讨论是否要出去吃饭，故选B项。

答题技巧

主题型试题主要考查学生对短对话主要内容的把握能力。考生需要抓住关键字或主题句，根据所获得的关键信息，来分析概括主题。

注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。由于是考查谈话主题，因此双方的话语中应都含有与主题相关的线索词。

◆长对话

1.试题特点

（1）取材广泛

长对话的题材涉及十分广泛，如选课、考试、借书、打工、社团活动等大学校园内发生的与学习、生活及娱乐有关的内容，人物关系主要以学生之间或师生之间为主；或是租房、求职、商务、旅行或访谈等校园以外的内容，人物关系相对多样。同一次考试的中的两组对话一般会选用不同题材。

（2）命题点多且分散

长对话兼有短对话和复合式听写的特点。短对话中考查的习语与词汇、场景与人物、时间与数字、原因与结果、虚拟与转折等内容同样会在长对话中出现。长对话与短对话相比，信息量增大很多。短对话只针对一处信息点命题，而长对话命题点多且分散。

（3）命题顺序一般与原文一致

长对话一般是按照与原文相符的先后顺序进行命题的。这条命题原则对于考生来讲很重要，因为在听的过程中如能按顺序把某些选项中的关键词适当地“对号入座”，必要时再做一点笔记，就会增加对原文的理解程度，从而提高该部分的成绩。

2.解题攻略

（1）听到什么选什么原则

长对话部分一般只要听见了某个词语，并且在选项里面也出现了该词语，那么这个选项就极有可能是正确选项。这个原则对考查细节的题目比较实用。对于听不懂或者没有听清楚的词句，可以采用此技巧。

（2）中心内容原则

考生在听对话的时候，要把精力集中在说话人想要通过他的讲话传达什么样的信息或者阐明什么样的观点上，而不是去想什么词没有听见，什么句子没有听懂。关键是持续关注说话人想说明的主要观点。

抓住这一点，不仅可以应对主旨类试题，还可以应对某些其他类型的试题。因为与短对话相比，长对话涉及的是一个“面”，必然有一个中心议题，中心议题就是该“面”的凝聚点，对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开对话的，因此对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的主题。

（3）问答原则

长对话中经常出现的问答的形式（即两个人对话时，其中一个人提问，另一个人对所提问的问题进行回答）是题眼。通常，对话中的问题往往成为问题的改写，回答的部分就是需要选的答案，因此考生要留心对话中的问句，学会在一问一答中把握考点。

（4）原因原则

原因在对话中常常会成为考试的焦点。因此，当对话中出现一些表示原因的标志词，如because,for,since,now that,so,consequently,therefore等时，考生要格外注意。

（5）but原则

这个原则非常简单，就是只要出现but，或者其他的转折连词，如however,although等，后面的内容往往就是考点。

（6）解释原则

有时候对话中会出现一些生僻的词或概念，如果这样的词或概念对理解整个对话没有影响，说话人是不会解释的，所以这个时候不需要对它多加注意。一旦说话人解释了，就说明它很可能对理解对话内容起到非常重要的作用，这时候，解释的内容就一定要仔细听，这极有可能就是题眼。

（7）建议原则

一般来讲，在对话中只要出现建议，建议就会是考点。实际上，这一原则不仅是在长对话中适用，在短对话中往往也是如此，所以只要是建议就要把它记住，而且考生在复习时要尽可能地熟悉各种各样的建议方式。

3.题型分析

长对话部分的常考题型可分为以下三类：

（1）细节识别题（听懂重要的或特定的细节）

长对话中细节题所占的比重最高，一篇长对话中通常会出现4个以上的细节题，有时甚至全为细节题。细节题涉及对话中一些具体的信息，比如人物的身份、年龄、姓名、电话、事情发生的地点、原因等。可能的提问方式如下：

Where does the conversation most probably take place?

When will the show begin?

How much is achild's ticket?

How long does it take the man to...

What gifts can children get from the library this year?

例 2012年C类决赛

How many pre-constructed sections are made on land?

A.54000.

B.45000.

C.50000.

【录音原文】

M:So,the first question,how would the transatlantic tunnel be built?

W:Well,it will be built in pre-constructed sections.

M:Urn,pre-constructed sections?

W:Yes,they would be made on land,and then put together under the sea.

M:Oh,how many of them?

W:Fifty-four thousand.They will be held in place by giant anchors which will be fixed to the bottom of the ocean.The tunnel will float200meters under the surface.

【解析】采访中Professor Massa告诉主持人一共有54000个部件。

例 2012年B类初赛

Why does the man need to take at least twelve hours?

A.He wants to graduate as soon as possible.

B.He must be afull-time student to qualify for his loan.

C.His advisor insists that he study full time.

【录音原文】

Woman:I see.Well,would you like to drop the class?

Man:Yes,but Ialso need to pick up another class.I have to be afull-time student in order to qualify for my student loan.

Woman:So you need at least twelve hours.And you need afternoon classes.

【解析】男士要获得助学贷款就必须是全日制学生，得每周修够12小时的课。

例 2011年A类初赛

What time is Mike's wife's appointment?

A.At2:00p.m.

B.At2:30p.m.

C.At3:30p.m.

【录音原文】

Mike:This is Mike speaking.I'd like to make an appointment for my wife.She wants to come in at the end of the week.

Receptionist:How about this Friday morning?That's Friday the21st.

Mike:Mmm,I don't think she can make the morning.Any openings in the afternoon?

Receptionist:Yes.Appointments are available at2:00,2:30and3:30.

Mike:We'll take the first one,please.

【解析】前台接待员说Appointments are available at2:00,2:30and3:30，之后男士选了第一个，故选A项。

例 2011年D类初赛

Where are they going to have the party?

A.In aflat.

B.In arestaurant.

C.In apublic hall.

【录音原文】

W:Hi,Jackie!We're going to afarewell party on Friday evening.Would you like to come?

M:To aparty?Ruth,I'd love to!Whose party is it?

W:My friend,Ben.He's going to Paris on Saturday.He's got agreat job with aFrench magazine.

M:Wow!Good for him.Is he having aparty at his flat?

W:Yes.He's arranged for aDJ and is cooking some French food.It should be good!

【解析】Jackie问Ruth晚会是在Ben的公寓里举行吗，Ruth回答是，故选A项。

（2）推理判断题（推论隐含的意义）

推理试题的难度相对比较大，主要的提问方式有：

What can you infer from the conversation?

What might be the man's attitude toward...

What does the man think about...

长对话部分对推理判断题的考查不是很多，该类试题主要考查考生的推理判断能力，考生应根据自己对对话内容的理解找出与对话意义相符的选择项，而不能仅仅以词句是否与材料中听到的词句完全和部分相同而定。对于没有听懂的句子，可以根据已经获得的部分信息以及自己具备的一般常识来判断可能性较大的选项。

例 2011年A类初赛

What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?

A.Travel agent and customer.

B.Professor and student.

C.Classmates.

【录音原文】

John:I know.I was hoping that they'd stay at3，000words or only go up to3，500,but no luck,I'm afraid.

Jane:What about the deadline?

John:The first one has to be in by October30th and the second by November30th.It looks like one essay amonth the same as last year.

Jane:Well,at least that hasn't changed,but as it's the end of September now,that leaves only amonth to get the first one done.I'm going to get onto that straight away.

John:Yes,you'd better.If you want to talk about it,I'm going to be at the campus cafeteria at1:30for lunch.We could go over some questions.

【解析】通过两人讨论作业的语气及对话发生的场景——校园，可以推知两人是同学，故选C项。

例 2009年D类初赛

Where does the conversation take place?

A.At atrain station.

B.In arestaurant.

C.At an information booth.

【录音原文】

W:Hello,can Ihelp you?

M:Yes,please.I want some information about atrain to Newcastle.

W:Certainly.When are you going to travel?Today?

M:Oh,no,on Tuesday.I think there is one at about11:30in the morning.

W:Let me see.Yes,there is,and it arrives in Newcastle at1:30.

M:That's fine.And how much is aticket,please?

W:Well,a single ticket is25pounds.

M:I'd like areturn,please.

W:Then that's40pounds

M:Ok,can Iget ameal on that train?You know,lunch.

W:En...I'm afraid there isn't arestaurant car on that train.But they sell drinks and sandwiches.

M:That will be fine.Must Ibuy my ticket at the station ticket office or can Iget one in the town center?

W:You can buy one at the northern travel agency at22Mallet street.

M:What's the name of the street again?

W:Mallet.M-A-L-L-E-T.

M:Thanks

【解析】录音中男士在询问女士去Newcastle的火车时间、票价以及在哪买票等情况，排除选项B。男士询问女士他是否必须得去火车站售票厅买票，在市中心能否买到，因此排除选项A，故本题答案为C项。

例 2007年C类初赛

How often does the student have to attend tutorials?

A.Once every other week.

B.Three times aweek.

C.Once aweek.

【录音原文】

M:And what times have been set for the tutorials?Do you have that information?

W:Yes,there are anumber of tutorial times:Monday,Wednesday and Friday all at9o'clock.Your tutorial is on Monday.

M:Can't Ichoose the time?

W:Maybe,but you'll have to talk to the lecturer.Doctor Roberts is your tutor.

M:OK,thanks very much.

【解析】第三、四句话指出：a number of tutorial times:Monday,Wednesday and Friday all at9o'clock.Your tutorial is on Monday.由此可知学生出席tutorials times一个星期只有一次。

（3）主旨大意题

常见的提问方式：

What is the conversation mainly about?

What are the two speakers talking about?

What does the conversation focus on?

What is the main topic of the conversation?

长对话中对主旨大意的考查不是很多，该部分是对整个对话内容的总结，属于难度较高的一类题目，因此考生仍需注意。长对话的主题句一般是出现在对话的开始部分，并且对话的主旨会通过对话场景体现在一些关键词中，考生应该注意把握。

例 2012年A类初赛

What are the speakers talking about?

A.When to build ahotel.

B.The species of animals on the land.

C.The use of the land.

【录音原文】

W:I don't really have any expertise in managing.Have you got any idea what we could do with it?

M:Well,when Isee fifty square kilometers of land,I think of money.

W:Ha,that's typical of you.

M:Well,yeah.I think,you know,a hotel will be great here.There's enough room for it,and as it's in the middle of this kind of wonderful environment,we could really sell it.

W:Yeah,the land's got these really lovely environmental features.You've got these lovely hills and there're all these lovely trees,and alittle forest down there.Perhaps it would be nicer to do something that's kind of more sympathetic with the environment,like,um,you could leave it wild and just let the animals roam free,or you could have like amore organized animal sanctuary to get the most out of the features of it.

【解析】男士提及land，且进一步表示a hotel will be great here。而女士也认为the land's got these really lovely environmental features，并给出了关于土地建设的具体意见。所以两人讨论的是土地利用的问题。

例 2012年B类决赛

What are the speakers discussing?

A.A trip to visit the Eskimos.

B.A trip the man has just taken.

C.A camping trip they took.

【录音原文】

W:Hi,Jack.It's good to see you again.Are you ready to get down to business again after the spring break?

M:Not really,but Iguess Idon't really have too much choice,do I?And it's going to be particularly hard to get back to work since Ijust had the most fantastic vacation ever.

W:Really?What did you do?

M:I went kayaking on the Klamath River.

W:Kayaking?

【解析】本文主要围绕男士在假期的一次旅行经历go kayaking on the Klamath River展开，故选B项。

例 2011年D类初赛

What are they talking about?

A.Tony's daily schedule.

B.Tony's school life.

C.Tony's job.

【录音原文】

W:Hi,Tony.How's the new job at the bank?Are you the manager yet?

M:No,it's awful.I have to start work so early—8:30every morning.It's hard to get out of bed.

W:That's not early!It's normal for most people.

M:Hey,when Iwas astudent,I got up at lunchtime.

W:Welcome to the real world.

M:And not only that,I have to work till5:30every day.

W:Tony,most people do the same.

【解析】对话一开始有人问Tony在银行的新工作怎么样，后面的内容全部是关于工作的，故选C项。

◆短新闻

1.试题特点

（1）新闻内容源自VOA、BBC等国外新闻广播；

（2）题材多样，主要为政治、经济、科技等方面的新闻，在人文、军事、体育、健康等方面也有所涉及；

（3）由于新闻语言本身的客观性，语音一般语气比较平稳，措辞不会带有个人色彩。

2.解题攻略

（1）听前预期

短新闻部分也可以进行听前预期，基本原则和对话的原则相同，即：

①把握时机，在听力开始宣读指令时预读题干和选项；

②纵向浏览选项，快速寻找选项的共同点和不同点；

③几个选项相结合，预测新闻的大意。

错误的选项也可以传递很多信息，因为它的出现，就是为了让考生加以选择，所以肯定有“真”的地方。考生要做的就是找出几个选项的共同点，这些点一般都是“真”的，可以让考生对新闻的大致内容有所了解。对于选项的不同点，在听的过程中要做到“去伪存真”。

（2）听时注意

①新闻的第一句一定要注意。因为这句往往是新闻的导语，会告知新闻的主要内容，而且往往是主旨类题目的答案出处。

②和题目相关的内容一定要注意。新闻听力题目的原文信息定位比较简单，关键是在听时一定要细心，这样才能有效排除干扰项。

③遇到听不懂的地方立刻跳过。新闻听力录音的语速较快，如果遇到一个不熟悉的单词或没听清楚的句子就开始想它的意思，往往会影响对下文的理解。所谓“一心不能二用”，绝不可以在听的同时回想上文的内容。要养成一个习惯，即遇到不太懂的地方不要停下来思考，专心听下去。对于新闻听力录音，这点尤为重要。

④忽略特殊、难懂的人名、地名。在新闻听力录音中，常常会遇到不太熟悉的人名或地名，但大部分情况下这些人名或地名不会对理解新闻内容造成影响。当然，重要的、经常涉及的新闻人物及地名还是要熟悉一下。

⑤利用5W1H原则。新闻六要素（who,what,when,where,why,how），即通常说的“五个W和一个H”。听新闻必须捕捉这几个方面的信息，才能准确知道这则新闻究竟要传达的是什么内容。

3.题型分析

短新闻的基本题型可分为细节题、推断题和主旨题。

（1）细节题

和对话类题目类似，短新闻部分的题目也是以细节题为主，针对新闻的六要素（when,where,what,who,why,how）中的一个或几个进行提问。如2012年C类决赛的真题，五道短新闻题目全部为细节题：

16.How long did the first Thanksgiving Day last?

17.What is the purpose of American Jobs Act calling for cutting wage taxes?

18.Why does the problem of debits debts affect alot more nation than just the ones that are struggling with money?

19.How much money can each child beggar earn aday for their minders?

20.Why did Spain's top footballers hold astrike?

回答细节题时，考生首先要根据题干的关键词汇认真听取对话中的相关部分，然后再进行选择。当录音中出现题干中的关键词或题干原话时，往往就是答案所在。

例 2011年A类初赛

What are the most damaging emissions?

A.Ultrafine particles.

B.Gases.

C.Particles produced by gasoline engines.

【录音原文】

People who live in polluted cities can see the grit and dirt produced from vehicle engines but some of the most damaging emissions are only now starting to be understood.They're ultrafine particles,way too small to be seen.Hundreds of them,placed side by side,match the width of ahuman hair.They are primarily produced by combustion in diesel engines.

【解析】新闻第一句末尾和第二句明确指出“the most damaging emissions...They're ultrafine particles...”，故选A项。

例 2011年B类初赛

Why will the Spanish state broadcaster stop showing bullfighting?

A.The broadcaster RTVE thinks bullfighting is cruel.

B.Some animal protection organisations are now against bullfighting.

C.Bullfighting could cause anxiety in children.

【录音原文】

The Spanish state broadcaster is to stop showing bullfighting because of the anxiety it could cause to children.In an update to its editorial guidelines,the broadcaster RTVE includes bullfighting in asection entitled‘Violence with Animals’,and says showing it to children should be avoided.The main bullfighting organisation has said it's astounded at the move.

【解析】新闻首句提到“stop showing bullfighting because of the anxiety it could cause to children”可知斗牛能给儿童带来焦虑，故选C项。

例 2012年C类初赛

Why does the problem of debits debts affect alot more nation than just the ones that are struggling with money?

A.The nations use the same currency.

B.The nations have joint business corporations.

C.These nations'economies are interdependent.

【录音原文】

It's in the middle of acrisis because several countries in the European Union have massive debts.This problem affects alot more nations than just the ones that are struggling with money.Seventeen countries all use the same currency,the euro.And if any of them take abig hit economically,all of them could be affected.

【解析】新闻最后提到由于欧盟17个国家使用同一种货币，因此只要有一个国家经济出现问题，所有其他国家都会受到影响。

（2）主旨题

相比长对话部分，短新闻部分的主旨题略多。短新闻的主旨题一般情况下答案都出自新闻的首句或前几句，即新闻导语，所以考生对新闻的开头部分要特别注意。

例 2011年B类初赛

What is the news mainly about?

A.The economies in developing countries.

B.Life in poor countries.

C.Energy consumption.

【录音原文】

Speaking at the fourth annual World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi,UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said renewable energy could help solve anumber of the planet's most pressing problems.Mr.Ban warned global energy consumption is set to rise by40percent in the next two decades,with the highest growth expected in developing nations.He also pointed out that more efficient power would greatly help people living in poorer countries.

【解析】新闻提到“Mr.Ban warned global energy consumption”，可知新闻的重点是能源消耗问题，故选C项。

例 2007年C类初赛

What's the news item mainly talking about?

A.Development of medical technology.

B.Health care in California.

C.Health insurance in the U.S.

【录音原文】

California health officials say one sixth of the state residents have no access to adequate health care.This is due to skyrocketing medical costs and the high cost of health insurance.Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger summed up the problem this way,“California has,as you all know,the best care,with the best medical technology in the entire world,but the problem is the delivery.”

【解析】新闻中第一句话说到加利福尼亚健康署官员说到该州有六分之一的居民不能享有足够的医疗保障。这一句话就揭示了本新闻的主题，即加利福尼亚州的医疗保障问题。

（3）推断题

推断题在短新闻题目中所占的比例很小，该类题目需要对某个事实细节进行推断。该类题能力要求较高，原文不会直接给出答案，必须在听懂的前提下才能做出准确的推断。

例 2012年A类决赛

What does the reverse brain drain in the news refer to?

A.Talents flowing from developed countries to their motherland.

B.Talents flowing from developing countries to developed ones.

C.Talents flowing from big cities to rural areas.

【录音原文】

Congress is studying how to change immigration policies in an effort to get more foreign students to stay and work in the United States.Many foreign students come to the United States to earn advanced degrees in science,technology,engineering and math.But many are unable to get avisa to live and work here after they graduate.So far no agreement has been reached on how to stop this so-called reverse brain drain.The loss of highly skilled workers usually involves developing countries losing them to wealthier ones.Critics say immigration policies in the United States are too restrictive.

【解析】文中提到现行的移民措施导致many foreign students...unable to get avisa to live and work in the United States，即许多留学生归国，这将造成许多发展中国家的reverse brain drain“人才回流”。故选A项。

例 2007年C类初赛

What's the function of the new drug produced by Pfizer?

A.Reducing dogs'weight.

B.Increasing dogs'appetite.

C.Controlling dogs'population.

【录音原文】

The food and drug administration in the United States is proved the world's first weight loss for dogs manufactured by the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer.The product called Slentrol is intended to reduce the appetite and the amount of fat dog can absorb.The FDA'head of veterinary medicine said the drug was awelcome addition to animal therapies because of apounding increase in dog obesity in the US.

【解析】新闻中第二句话中提到这一产品是为了reduce the appetite and the amount of fat dog can absorb，也就是为了达到减少狗的体重的目的。

◆复合式听写

1.试题特点

（1）综合性

复合式听写是一种综合性的测试手段，它全面测试了考生的语音、词汇量、语法以及记笔记等能力。

（2）难度高

复合式听写所考查的单词的拼写通常都有一定难度，很多单词较长，再加上某些单词词尾的变化，容易造成听懂却写错的现象，因此考生在平时的英语学习中对单词的拼写要多下工夫。

2.解题攻略

（1）听前利用间隙浏览全文

在录音播放前，尽快浏览文章已经给出的部分，通过主题句预测文章大意并推测单词的词性，如果是动词或名词就要格外注意它们的词尾变化。这样可以使考生在听录音时具有针对性和有效性。

例 2012年C类决赛

Millions of television sets and old computer monitors taken to civic amenity sites as rubbish are being collected and shipped to Africa and Asia,an illegal trade worth￡7,000,000a year,according to an unpublished report by the Environment Agency and the____.

【预测】通过and可知，空缺处和the Environment Agency并列，由此预判空缺处应填入一个名词，可能是某机构组织名称或某种行业。（录音为recycling industry。）

例 2012年C类决赛

The agency is alarmed that half amillion televisions and asimilar number of computer monitors which people thought were being____in England are being re-used or dumped in the developing world.

【预测】通过分析句子结构可知，句子主干为The agency is alarmed that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中又套定语从句。空缺处所在的从句正常语序为people thought half amillion televisions and asimilar number of computer monitors were being____in England，由此可判断空缺处应为过去分词。（录音为disposed of。）

例 2009年D类初赛

Each reader must be able to26at least one character,to“become”that character in his or her mind.

【预测】通过must be able to可判断空缺处一定为动词原形，又因为空缺处后面有宾语，由此判断可能为及物动词，也可能为不及物动词+介词。（录音为identify with。）

例 2011年D类初赛

People____received asilver key on that day to symbolize opening the door to the adult world.

【预测】根据语法，空缺处如果去掉，并不影响句子的表达，由此判断此处可能为副词来修饰received，或是介词短语、非谓语动词等做People的后置定语。（录音为traditionally。）

（2）利用速记法

边听边记，快速填写。在很短的时间里要写下听到的单词或词组，同时要保证拼写正确，而且还要跟上后面的录音内容，确实有很大的难度。因此考生要尽量运用速记法，以便能做到事半功倍。考生可以先写出某个单词的前几个字母，回头再逐一补全。

参考词汇：

（3）听完录音后，重新检查已填的词是否正确，力求答案完整

要注意的是，复合式听写中考查的单词的名词和动词词尾通常会有变化，即不是单词原形。名词的变化主要是可数名词的复数形式，动词的变化主要是时态和语态的变化，尤以-ed形式为主。要听出这种词尾有变化的词通常比较困难，因此听写时一定要“瞻前顾后”，依靠阅读技能和语法知识进行推理判断，然后填入正确的单词。

例 2012年C类初赛

On board,wear earplugs and eye pads because darkness____secretion of the hormones that enhance sleep.

【检查】录音为stimulates，拼写的时候注意第三人称单数形式。

例 2011年C类决赛

Some commentators say,though,that rising university costs,poor long-term____,and adrop in graduate recruitment mean this is the worst time to be auniversity student in the UK.

【检查】录音为job prospects，拼写的时候注意名词复数。

例 2012年C类决赛

Claire Wilton of Friends of the Earth said,“The agency has known about this situation for two years but has still____act.”

【检查】录音为failed to，拼写的时候注意动词的ed形式。

例 2011年D类初赛

The custom of giving gifts on 25 December only____Victorian times.

【检查】录音为dates back to，拼写的时候注意第三人称单数形式。

◆平时备考

为了提高听力效果，考生应在听力训练和复习中有意识地注意以下几个方面的训练：

1.通过“读”帮助“听”，努力扩大知识面

听力部分的内容取材广泛，几乎覆盖生活的各个方面。对现实生活各个领域的词汇都略知一二是听懂的基础，对于短新闻类题目尤其如此，新闻作为一种语言测试题型也是语言在现实生活中真实运用的体现。所以考生在平时的学习中要多读多听，不断积累各个方面的知识和词汇，尤其是时事政治词汇。

2.掌握正确的语音

掌握正确的语音是提高英语听力能力的重要基础。学习者有必要对音标、字母组合、发音规则等进行系统的复习，不断提高对语音的辨别能力和敏感程度。只有熟练地掌握了这些基础知识，才能逐步过渡到对句子、段落以至于整篇文章的理解。

3.扩大词汇量

扩大词汇量，熟记新闻报道中的常用词汇。虽然英语新闻广播所使用的词汇量很大，但其中的常用词比较稳定，且重复率较高。如VOA广播中的Special English节目要求的常用词汇约为1500个，如果能熟练掌握这些词汇，听懂Special English就不是问题。

4.加强储存记忆(memory span)

做到这一点需要按意群捕捉讲述的内容，不要一字一字地听，而要抓住关键词或句。听完一段不可能一字一句地回忆，而要建立整体概念。

5.加强及时反应(immediate recall)

只有当你建立了整体概念，才能做到立即回忆。

6.做简短笔记(brief note-taking)

在听较长材料时，用缩写或自己能看懂的点、线或其他标记做些快速记录，如：数字、地点、人名或其他关键词语等。

7.多做听写和记笔记训练(dictating&note-taking)

这种练习有助于储存记忆，训练快速抓住关键词或句，以及中心思想的能力。

8.精听与泛听(intensive&extensive listening)

同一段内容反复听若干次，这样有助于增加记忆的持续时间；听不同内容的材料，有助于增加听各种不同声音、口音及语速的经验。前者属于精听，后者为泛听，两者应有机结合起来。

9.训练听与寻找答案同时进行(looking for the right answer while listening)

在听的同时迅速浏览各项选择，只需细看各项选择的不同部分，而相同的部分只看第一个即可，这样可以节省时间以便多做思考。当然，如果能巧妙地利用每一部分考题的空隙快速浏览一下所要做的习题的选择项，那是再好不过了。因此，特别要提醒考生注意的一个诀窍就是：当听力理解的每一部分开始放音时，总要有一长段的题目指令(Instructions)与例题(Sample)，考生可以不必去听它，因为听与不听根本不会影响你后面的答题。利用这一段时间，大致推测一下录音内容大有益处。望考生千万不要错过这个时机。

10.必须防止两种情况的发生

一是精神过度紧张；二是注意力长时间的滞留。要学会控制自己的注意力，尽量不使其长时间地滞留或努力缩短其滞留时间，从而迅速再度集中注意力听下面的内容。

总之，英语听力水平的提高固然与个人的语音水平有关，但更重要的是还必须通过大量的听的实践来提高。客观地讲，提高英语听力水平没有捷径可走，多听是最主要的办法。所谓“技巧”都是在英语新闻听力训练的过程中根据自己的实践总结的经验，任何“技巧”都代替不了“听”本身。所以，要想提高英语听力水平，一定要养成经常听英语的习惯。