第二节 技巧指南

◆词汇考点分析

词汇题是对考生应掌握词汇的考查，测试考生对词汇的理解和运用。考生必须要做到准确理解大纲要求掌握的词汇与短语的基本含义与用法，对不同词性的词、同义词、近义词以及形近词有较强的辨异和辨析能力。

1.基本词义理解

基本词义理解主要考查对词汇基本含义的理解与运用。一般来说，四个选项在词形和词义上差别较大，考生只需要根据四个选项的基本含义，看哪项最符合句子语境，即可得出答案。

例 2012年C类决赛

Many linguists____that our highly evolved brain provides us with innate language ability not found in lower organisms.

A.suggest

B.claim

C.promise 

D.convince

【答案】B

【解析】句意：许多语言学家声称人类高度进化的大脑为人类提供了与生俱来的语言能力，而这种能力在低等生物中是不存在的。suggest提议，建议。claim声称，断言。promise允诺，许诺。convince说服；使确信。语言学家不用建议、允诺或说服，他们只是声称，表述一下他们的观点，因此选B。

2.同义词、近义词

同义词、近义词指意思相近但又不完全等同的词。考生在做这类题时不能仅仅简单地根据四个选项的基本含义，还要仔细比较几个选项之间的细微差别，再结合具体的语境，选出正确答案。一般来说，同、近义词的比较主要集中在词的适用对象（场合）、范围大小、程度轻重、语法功能、感情色彩等几方面。

同义词或近义词辨析难度相对较大，占的比例也不低，为重点掌握题型。

（1）根据适用对象（场合）

例 2012年C类初赛

Twelve European countries____over to the Euro on January1st,2002.

A.transformed

B.switched

C.reversed

D.altered

【答案】B

（2）根据适用范围

例2009年C类初赛

If you have not signed acontract,you are under no____to pay them any money.

A.responsibility

B.liability

C.circumstance

D.obligation

【答案】D

（3）根据语法、搭配

例 2008年C类决赛

Although they had signed the peace treaty,they were____preparing for arenewed offensive.

A.occupied 

B.busy

C.engaged

D.involved

【答案】B

例 2007年C类初赛

They were married for fifteen years but have now____up and live apart.

A.split 

B.divided

C.divorced

D.separated

【答案】A

3.形近词

顾名思义，这类词指的是词形相似但意思不同或不完全相同的一组词。这类词由于拼写相似，极易引起混淆。这类题主要考查对单词词义记忆的熟练程度和准确程度。

例 2012年C类决赛

Sorry about the loss.But it'll give you some relief if your house is____against fire.

A.assured

B.ensured

C.insured

D.pledged

【答案】C

【解析】句意：对你所遭受的损失非常抱歉，但是你的房子如果投保了火险，你还是能获得一些补偿的。assure向……保证，使确信。ensure保证，使安全。insure投保，给保险。pledge保证，使发誓。

例 2010年C类决赛

It is hard to tell whether the country is going to have an economic boom or a____.

A.confession

B.submission

C.recession

D.transmission

【答案】C

【解析】句意：很难判断现在该国的经济是繁荣还是衰退。confession坦白，忏悔。submission归顺，服从。recession经济衰退，撤退。transmission传送，传播。

4.固定搭配

在大学生英语竞赛中最常见的搭配就是词组的搭配。词组类试题约占词汇题的l／3左右。解答此类题目的关键在于：熟练掌握常见词组及其含义，从语法、语意和逻辑性三方面考虑，最终作出选择。

在以往的试题中，动词短语的比重较大，而名词、形容词和介词短语比重相对较小。

（1）动词短语

常见动词短语归纳与总结：

break～away突然离开，强行逃脱～out爆发；使逃走

～down损坏；(车)抛锚～through突围

～in闯入；插嘴～up粉碎，终止(关系)

～off(谈话，谈判等)中断

bring～about导致～forward提议

～down打倒；降低～out拿出；出版

～up提出；抚养，养育

call～for要求；邀约～on拜访；号召

～off取消～up打电话；召集

come～across偶遇～off发生；成功；脱落

～to达到；苏醒；涉及～on(口)快点；进展

～out出现；出版～up to比得上

～through历经……仍存活下来～up with想出，拿出

cut～down削减～in打断；超车拦挡

～off阻断～out删去

get～across讲清楚；被了解～along(with)进展；过活

～on with与……友好相处～out退出(组织)

～down写下～over康复；克服(困难)

～together开会

give～away泄露；赠送～in屈服，让步

～off释放(光、热)～up放弃；辞去

～way to闪开；让位于……

go～after追求～in for从事；喜好

～ahead继续；开始～over仔细查看

～down／up下降／上升～out(火等)熄灭；过时

hand～down把……传下去～in上交；交上

～out分发；散发～over移交

hold～back退缩；隐瞒；阻拦～on坚持

～out伸出；不屈服～up延误；耽搁

keep～back隐瞒；阻止～to遵守；坚持

～up坚持；(使)不停止～up with跟上

let～alone更别提；不打扰～down让……失望

look～after照料～at看；看待

～back回顾，回忆～down on／upon轻视

～for寻找～forward to盼望

～in顺便访问～on旁观

～out留神；注意～over察看

～through浏览；仔细检查～up查(字典)；向上看

make～for向……走去～out理解；看出；列出

～up构成；编造；化妆～up for弥补

be made up of由……构成be made from由……做成

put～down镇压；放下～forward提出

～off推迟，拖延～on穿上；上演；假装

～out熄灭；公布～up张贴；投宿

～up with忍受

run～away with不受……的约束～into遇到；共计

～out of用完，用光～over(车等)辗过

see～about办理～off给……送行

～to负责；修理～(to it)that务必做到

～through看穿；帮……渡过难关

set～about开始，着手～apart分开

～aside储蓄；留出；不理会～back推迟

～down写下，记下～off启程

～out to do开始做……～up创立；开业

stand～by袖手旁观；支持～for代表；主张；容忍

～out与众不同；杰出～up for维护；保卫

～up to抵抗；经受得住

take～after与……相像～apart拆开

～back收回～down记下

～for把……看成～in领会；接受；(被动)欺骗

～off起飞；脱下～on呈现；承担

～over接管～to开始喜欢；从事

～up开始从事；占用

turn～against厌恶；与……敌对～in呈出；交

～down拒绝；调(音量等)～off关闭

～out出现；结果是……～over翻身；深思熟虑

～to翻到；请求(帮忙)

例 2012年C类决赛

He admits that his team really____him to play arole of responsibility.

A.look forward to

B.look down on

C.look up to

D.look on

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他承认他的团队尊敬他，因为他很负责任。look up to尊敬。look forward to期盼，后加v-ing的形式。look down on“看不起，轻视”，与后面的动词不定式短语矛盾。look on“观看，旁观；看待”，与题意不符。

例 2011年C类决赛

Sorry,but something important has____and I'll have to ring you back.

A.come off

B.come up

C.come across

D.come down

【答案】B

【解析】句意：很抱歉，发生了重要的事，我会给你回电话。come up走近；发生。come off举行；脱离。come across偶遇，无意中发现。come down下来，降落。

例 2010年C类决赛

All living creature are thought to____an organism that came into being three billion year ago.

A.descend to 

B.descend on 

C.descend into 

D.descend from

【答案】D

【解析】句意：人们认为所有的生物都是在30亿年前起源于微生物。descend from起源于。descend to屈尊去做某事。descend on袭击。descend into向下行。

（2）名词、形容词以及介词短语

①名词短语

名词短语主要是指名词与介词构成的特定短语。对名词短语的掌握主要是掌握介词与名词的固定搭配。

名词短语归纳与总结：

A.与from搭配构成名词短语的名词

absence缺席relief解脱difference与……不同

shelter躲避escape逃跑protection保护

isolation与……隔离

B.与for搭配构成名词短语的名词

affection深爱ability有能力anxiety渴望

sympathy对……同情demand要求reason理由

excuse借口passion激情preference偏爱

cause原因

C.与in搭配构成名词短语的名词

confidence信任delight高兴faith相信

pride自豪use用处difficulty困难

point要点；意义progress进步

D.与of搭配构成名词短语的名词

intention意图equivalent相等物way方法

case情况honor荣誉observation观察

E.与on搭配构成名词短语的名词

impact影响impression印象effect效果

dependence依靠emphasis强调influence影响

operation手术stress强调pity怜悯

revenge报复

F.与to搭配构成名词短语的名词

reaction反应solution解决方法answer答复

attention注意addition额外access通道；接口

key钥匙；答案contrast对比invitation邀请

objection反对reference参考appeal呼吁

G.与with搭配构成名词短语的名词

chat交谈connection联系

communication交往acquaintance相识

例2012年C类决赛

In1993,V.S.Naipaul was awarded the David Cohen British Literature Prize in____of his lifetime's achievement.

A.identification

B.acquaintance

C.recognition

D.perspective

【答案】C

【解析】句意：1993年，为感谢V.S.奈波尔在文学方面做出的终身贡献而授予他英国戴维·柯翰文学奖。in recognition of承认……而；为酬谢。identification鉴定；认同；身份证明。acquaintance熟人；了解，知道。perspective观点；远景。A、B、D项不符合句意。

②形容词短语

形容词短语主要是指形容词与介词构成的固定短语。

常见形容词短语总结与归纳：

absent from不在，缺席

abundant in富于

appropriate for/to适当，合适

applicable to适用于

apt at聪明，善于

apt to易于

ashamed of羞愧，害臊

approximate to接近

available to sb.for sth.可用，可供

content with满足

contrary to违反

counter to与……相反

crazy about热衷，着迷

critical of挑剔，批评

curious about好奇，想知道

doubtful of/about怀疑

equal to相等，胜任

equivalent to等于，相当于

essential to/for必不可少

expert at/in/on善于

fatal to致命的

guilty of有……罪的

hungry for渴望

ignorant of不知道

indifferent to不关心

inferior to级别低于，不如

liable for对……有责任

liable to易于

particular about挑剔，讲究

parallel to与……平行，类似

prior to在……之前

responsible for负责，是……原因

short of缺少

skilled at/in善于

subject to受制于，易于

superior to优于，级别高于

suspicious of怀疑

typical of是典型的,特有的

void of没有，缺乏

例 2010年C类决赛

____the popular belief that classical music is too complex,it achieves asimplicity that only agenius can create.

A.Compared to

B.Contrary to

C.Familiar to

D.Subject to

【答案】B

【解析】句意：与大众认为的古典音乐过于复杂这一观点恰恰相反，古典音乐极简单，而只有天才才能创造出这份简单。compare to与……相比。contrary to和……相反。familiar to对……熟悉。subject to“服从于……”。

例 2007年C类决赛

We must firmly follow the path of development that is____China's national conditions.

A.comparable to

B.familiar with

C.consistent with 

D.similar to

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我们必须坚定不移地走与中国国情相符的发展道路。comparable to可比较的，比得上的。familiar with熟悉，了解。consistent with符合，与……一致。similar to跟……类似的，与……同样的。

③介词短语

介词与介词宾语一起所构成的短语称之为介词短语。

常见介词短语语总结与归纳：

in any case无论如何，总之

in case of假使，万一

in case假如，以防万一，免得

in no case决不

by chance偶然，碰巧

in charge(of)负责，主管

(a)round the clock昼夜不停地

in common共用，共有，共同

in conclusion最后，总之

on condition that在……条件下

in confidence信任

in connection with/to关于

in consequence因此，结果

in consequence of由于……的缘故

on the contrary反之，正相反

in contrast with/to与……成对照

out of control失去控制

under control被控制住

at all costs不惜任何代价

at the cost of以……为代价

at no time从不，决不

at one time同时，曾经，从前

at the same time同时，然而

at times有时

for the time being目前，暂时

from time to time有时，不时

in no time立即，马上

in time及时，适时地

on time准时

on top of在……之上

out of touch失去联系

in truth事实上，实际上，的确

on try试穿

by turns轮流，交替地

in turn依次，轮流

in vain徒劳，无效

a variety of种种，各种

by virtue of由于

by the way顺便提一下，另外

by way of经由，通过……方式

in away在某种程度上

in no way决不

in the way of妨碍

on the whole总的来说

in aword总而言之

in other words换句话说，也就是说

in the world到底，究竟

at length终于，最后；详细地

in the light of按照，根据

in line with与……一致，按照

at aloss困惑，不知所措

as amatter of fact其实，事实上

例 2009年C类初赛

The businessmen discussed the contract____but never actually signed anything.

A.at length

B.at sea

C.at random

D.at will

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这些商人详尽地讨论了这项合同，但实际上什么都没签。at length详尽地，充分地。at sea在海上，茫然不知所措。at random随便地，任意地。at will随意，任意。at length与never actually signed anything构成句意转折，最符合题意。

◆语法考点分析

1.时态

时态（Tense）是一种动词形式，动词的不同时态表示不同的时间发生的动作。时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。重点掌握：一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时，将来完成时以及过去完成时。

例 2013年C类初赛

While many people may refer to up-to-minute news,it is unlikely that television and the Internet____the newspapers completely.

A.will replace 

B.replace 

C.are replacing 

D.have replaced

【答案】A

【解析】句意：尽管很多人可能看最新消息，但是电视和网络完全取代报纸是不大可能的。由句意可知，此处需要用一般将来时。故选项A正确。

疑难点拨

（1）以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时或完成进行时

①表示感知的动词：hear,feel,notice,recognize,see,taste,smell；

②表示意愿、情感的动词：desire,dislike,forgive,hate,like,love,prefer,refuse,want,wish,fear,love,hate；

③表示思考、看法的动词：believe,doubt,expect,forget,hope,feel,mean,know,agree,realize,mind,recall,recollect,remember,trust,suppose；

④表示所有、占有的动词：belong to,owe,own,possess,hold(容纳)；

⑤其他动词：cost,appear,concern,contain,consist,deserve,matter,seem。

（2）不用will/shall表达将来时的形式

①be going to表示现在的打算和意图。

如：

It is raining now.I am going to take an umbrella with me.

带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。

例 2009年C类初赛

The computer company announced that the new software____in the first half of next year.

A.be released 

B.will have released

C.would have released

D.was going to be released

【答案】D

【解析】句意：计算机公司声称新软件将在明年前半年发行。本句主句的时态为过去时，从句的时间状语为将来的某个时间，所以从句应该用过去将来时。was going to表示过去对未来的打算和意图。

②arrive,come,drive,go,leave,retire,return,set off,start,take off等表示移位的动词的进行时表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作。

如：

I'm leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.

我明天要动身去上海。

例 2006年C类初赛

My friend Tanya____Japanese for six years before she____Japan.I've just received aletter from her.It says she has been studying Chinese for three months and____for China in amonth.

A.had been studying;visited;is leaving 

B.studied;had visited;will live in

C.has studied;visited;would leave 

D.was studying;has visited;leaves

【答案】A

【解析】从题目中可知，Tanya现在正在学习汉语，在此之前去过日本，因而要用过去时；在去日本之前就已经在学习日语，去日本是过去的事，去日本之前学日语就是过去的过去，因此用过去完成进行时，强调动作的延续性“一直在学日语”；一个月后将要去中国，leaving表示将要发生的动作。

③be to(do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事。

如：

The old hospital is to be pulled down.

这座医院将要拆迁。

例 2007年B类初赛

The project____by the end of2007will expand the city's mobile phone network to cover10,000,000users.

A.accomplished 

B.being accomplished

C.having been accomplished

D.to be accomplished

【答案】D

【解析】to be accomplished动词不定式在句中做定语修饰the project，用被动态表示“将要被完成的”。

例 2011年A类初赛

The project,____by the end of2012,will expand the city's digital television signal to be accessible to amillion users.

A.completed

B.being completed

C.to be completed

D.having been completed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：这项预计2012年完成的计划，会将全市的数字电视信号覆盖到100万个用户。出现“by the end of2012”，是将来时，因此选C项，不定式做定语。A项completed，这里指还没完成，故排除；B、D项时态不符合。

④be about to(do)表示将要(做)。

如：

Look,the train is about to leave!

看，火车就要开了！

⑤be on the point/verge of(doing)表示“马上就要”，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用。

如：

They are on the point of starting.

他们就要动身了。

⑥be,begin,come,depart,get off,go,leave,return,start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件。

如：

The bus leaves within five minutes.

公共汽车将在5分钟内离开。

⑦在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型。

如：

I don't know where he will go tomorrow.我不知道他明天去哪儿。(宾语从句)

I'll tell him when you will ring again.我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。(宾语从句)

比较：I'll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。(状语从句)

例 2007年D类初赛

If the phone____,it____be for me.

A.calls;can

B.rings;will

C.comes;would

D.arrives;ought

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果电话响了，那一定是找我的。在时间或条件从句中，一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。电话铃响用ring。

⑧在make sure,make certain,see(to it)后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时。

如：

Make sure that the door is locked before you leave the classroom.

走之前确保把门关好。

（3）完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语

①by/between/up to/till+过去时间、since、by the time/when+表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。

如：

We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

Between1897and1919at least29motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况)

例2010年D类决赛

By the time they____enough money for adown payment on ahouse,prices____considerably.

A.had saved；rose

B.saved；were risen

C.had saved；had risen

D.had saved；were rising

【答案】C

【解析】句意：到他们攒够了房子的首付款时，房价已大幅上升。by the time到……时候为止。down payment首付，预付定金。前后都用过去完成时，表示在过去某一时间之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。

②by+将来时间、by the time/when+谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。

如：

By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.

I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.

③by now,since+过去时间，in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时,但在it is+具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。

例 2011年B类初赛

Homer Simpson____the greatest character created for television and films in the past20years.

A.had been named

B.would have named

C.has been named

D.had named

【答案】C

【解析】句意：荷马·辛普森被提名为过去20年间电视和电影中创作的最佳角色。

④在It is the+序数词/形容词最高级+that引导的从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。如：

It isn't the first time that Ihave found myself in an embarrassing situation.

⑤在no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when/before...句型中，主句常用过去完成时。如：

I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.

我一到家天就下起雨来。

例 2011年B类决赛

____had Ibought the computer____I regretted spending so much money on it.

A.After;that 

B.Not only;but

C.As soon as;and 

D.No sooner;than

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我刚买完电脑就后悔了，后悔自己在电脑上花了这么多钱。no sooner...than...“刚……就……”。

⑥其他与完成时连用的时间状语有：all this while,all this year,for some time,so far,already,before,just,long,yet等。

如：

I have been teaching in college all this year.

I haven't finished my paper yet.

例 2007年C类初赛

I set off as soon as Igot the news about my grandpa's illness.Unfortunately,he____at the hospital before I____.

A.has died;went there 

B.had died;arrived

C.died;had been there 

D.was dying;had gone

【答案】B

【解析】此题中考查完成时与before引导的状语从句连用。

2.复合结构

英语中从句包括名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。历年考试中复合结构的考查约占20%，而其中对状语从句的考查为重中之重。

疑难点拨

（1）名词性从句：名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句

名词性从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导：

that无意义，在从句内部不充当句子成分。引导宾语从句时that可以省略。

whether是否，在从句内部不充当句子成分。引导宾语从句时可以用if替代。

连接代词：which(哪一个)，what(……的东西)，whatever（无论……的东西），who(谁)，whoever（无论谁）在从句内部做从句的主语或宾语。

连接副词：when(何时)，where（哪里），how（怎样/如何），why(为什么)在从句内部做从句的状语。

①主语从句

如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。

A.常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。

如：

That he finished writing the composition in such ashort time surprised us all.

Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.

例 2010年D类决赛

____he will finish his work early enough to go to the party is still uncertain.

A.For 

B.Whether 

C.Then

D.When

【答案】B

【解析】句意：还不能确定他能否早些完成工作以便去参加派对。whether引导主语从句。

例 2007年A类初赛

____with the truth in small matters cannot be trusted with important matters.

A.No matter who is careless

B.Whoever is careless

C.He is careless 

D.As is careless

【答案】B

【解析】句意：任何在小事上粗心大意的人都不会被委以重任。谓语cannot be trusted with前面缺少主语，no matter who只能引导让步状语从句，whoever不仅可引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句，因而B选项正确。

例 2007年D类决赛

____does business with that fellow is____to lose money.

A.No matter who;certain 

B.Who;sure

C.Whoever;bound

D.Anybody;about

【答案】C

【解析】句意：无论谁和这个小伙子做生意都会赔钱。whoever引导主语从句，no matter who通常用来引导状语从句。be bound to“一定会……”。

例 2009年D类决赛

____is that Ipromised to make friends with the dishonest girl.

A.The only thing what Iregret

B.What Iregret most

C.All what Ireally regret most

D.That Iregret most

【答案】B

【解析】句意：最让我后悔的是答应与那个不诚实的女孩交朋友。本题可以采用排除法。选项A、选项C里面都包含了一个定语从句，而what不能引导定语从句。如果选D主句将变成That is that...。所以只能选B，这是what引导的主语从句。

B.为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末。

如：

It is certain that he will win the match.

It is still amystery what caused the accident.

②表语从句

表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。

A.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。

The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

B.不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句(as if例外）。

The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.

It looked as if he had understood this question.

例 2011年A类初赛

In the meantime,the question raised by our financial problems is____such research is worth the cost.

A.whether

B.that

C.how 

D.because

【答案】A

【解析】句意：同时，在我们财政方面提出的问题是这种研究是否值得。whether作“是否”讲，引导表语从句。

C.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。

The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.

The question is why he cried yesterday.

D.that在表语从句中不可以省掉。

His suggestion is that we should stay calm.

例 2011年B类决赛

The fact is____,after years of experimenting,the music industry still hasn't found away of making significant money out of the Internet.

A.when 

B.that

C.because

D.however

【答案】B

【解析】句意：事实是，多年实验之后，音乐产业仍未找到一条通过因特网盈利的路子。这是一个表语从句，表语从句的引导词一般是that且不可省略，所以可以初步选B。这个从句中不缺时间副词或因果、转折关系连词，由此进一步排除其他三个选项。

③宾语从句

宾语从句，即在主句中担当宾语的从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

例 2008年D类决赛

I told the policeman____had happened when Iwas taken to the police station as awitness.

A.which

B.who

C.what

D.that

【答案】C

【解析】句意：当我被带到警局做证时我把所发生的事情告诉了警察。what既引导宾语从句，又做从句的主语。

A.主、从句一般应时态一致：

主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时。

He answered that he was listening to me.

主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需。

He says(that)he will leave amessage on my desk.

They know(that)he is working hard.

具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；

He told me that he was born in1980.

Father told me that practice makes perfect.

B.否定前移及反义疑问句：

在think/believe/suppose/guess/imagine/expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，反义疑问句应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注:否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）

I don't think you are right,are you?

I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they?

例 2012年D类初赛

Terry rarely spends much money____clothes,____?

A.on;doesn't she 

B.on;does she 

C.at;does she 

D.at;doesn't she

【答案】B

【解析】句意：Terry很少在衣服上花大钱。这里考查反义疑问句。当陈述句部分带有表示否定意义的词时，例如seldom,rarely,little,nothing等时，疑问句部分用肯定。

C.宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略：

a.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。

如：

I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better.

b.当it做形式宾语时。

如：

She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.

c.当宾语从句前置时。

如：

That our team will win,I believe.

④同位语从句

在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how，when，where等。（注：if，which不能引导同位语从句。）

如：

I heard the news that our team had won.

我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

I had no idea that you were here.

我不知道你在这里。

I have no idea when he will be back.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

例 2008年C类初赛

Einstein's theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time____.

A.when he first introduced

B.that he first introduced it

C.he first introduced 

D.which he first introduced it

【答案】B

【解析】句意：“在第一次提出来时，爱因斯坦的相对论好像很难令人相信。”at the time后可跟when引导的时间状语从句或者that引导的同位语从句，四个选项中只有B选项正确。

同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

A.同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。

如：

The news that Ihave passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。

（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）

The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。

（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）

B.关系词在句中是否做成分。

如：

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成分。）

The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。

（that在从句中做gave的宾语。）

C.从句是否有疑问的意义。

如：

Do you remember the day when Itold you that Iloved you?(when引导的从句不表示疑问，所以这是一个定语从句。）

I have asked the question why it was true just now.(why引导的从句表示疑问，所以这是一个同位语从句。）

（2）定语从句

在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句分为两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

定语从句的测试重点：选择正确的关系代词或关系副词。关系代词/副词一定要在从句中充当某种成分，即主语、宾语、表语、状语或定语。指人时用who(做主语)、whom(做宾语)、whose(做定语)；指物时用which或that；指时间用when；指地点用where；指原因用why。

例 2007年A类初赛

That week's talent included aspectacular dance team from Argentina,a popular rock group,a top vocalist and amagician____.

A.which made everything in sight disappear

B.that was making all at sight disappear

C.who made all at sight to disappear

D.who made everything in sight disappear

【答案】D

【解析】句意：那个星期来参加演出的演员包括著名的阿根廷舞蹈队、流行摇滚乐队、优秀歌手以及可以让人们眼前的一切物体消失的魔术大师。magician魔术师，做先行词引导定语从句，连接词要用who。

①尤其要注意whose的用法

whose在从句中做定语，修饰名词。所以，如果关系代词后面紧接的是名词，且关系代词又不在从句中做主语或宾语，那么，这个关系代词就应该是whose。

例 2008年D类决赛

That's the businessman____company is bankrupt and who owes the bank agreat deal of money.

A.whose

B.who's

C.who

D.which

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他就是那个公司破产欠了银行很多钱的商人。本句为that is...强调句型。whose是关系代词，修饰名词做定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。

②介词+which的用法

如果从句中主宾成分齐全，考生便可考虑关系代词是否在从句中做状语，而状语通常用介词短语充当，于是可以得知，关系代词前面应有介词，再分析所给的选项，根据与名词的搭配做出正确选择。

例 2011年A类初赛

Richard came home at midnight,____which time all the guests had left.

A.after

B.by 

C.to 

D.during

【答案】B

【解析】句意：理查德午夜回家时，所有的客人已经离开了。by which time...定语从句，“到那时”。at midnight是一个时间点，during“在……期间”不符合题意。

例 2010年B类决赛

One of the most extraordinary things about the First World War was the enthusiasm____the majority of soldiers went off to fight for their country.

A.in that

B.for which 

C.with which

D.for that

【答案】C

【解析】句意：第一次世界大战的非凡之处之一就在于士兵们去为祖国而战所怀的热情。定语从句，with取“随身携带”之意，可还原为the majority of soldiers went off to fight for their country with enthusiasm。

③非限定性定语从句前面有逗号标志，按汉语习惯通常翻译成两个句子

与汉语不同的是，英语中两个句子之间一般说来不能用逗号断开，而要用适当的连词或关系代词使它们形成从属或并列关系。据此可判断出逗号后面一句应由起连接作用的词开头。注意：有时关系代词前面还有其他附加成分。

如：

There are two spare rooms in the building,neither of which has been provided with modern facilities.

例 2007年D类初赛

An old friend of mine from Beijing,____I was expecting to meet,rang me up from the bus station yesterday evening.

A.that 

B.as 

C.whom

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我正在等的一个在北京的老朋友昨天晚上从汽车站打来电话。whom引导的是非限制性定语从句，并在从句中做宾语。

④as与which用作关系代词的区别

A.as与the same,such,so,as等关联使用。

如：

I want the same shirt as my friend's.

我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.

我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

B.as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，但as在句中的位置比较灵活，可出现在句首、句中、句末，而which只能出现在句末，尤其是当先行词是整个句子时。

如：

As is true in all institutions,juries are capable of making mistakes.

As is generally accepted,economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

⑤关系代词that与which用于引导定语从句的区别

A.如果关系代词在从句中做宾语，用that,which都可以，而且可以省略。

如：

This is the book（that/which）you want.

B.先行词是不定代词anything,nothing,little,all,everything时，关系代词用that。

如：

There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.

没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

例 2008年A类决赛

There are no trips that will make it possible for the tourists to stop everywhere and see____they want.

A.all what 

B.everything that 

C.everything what

D.all which

【答案】B

【解析】当定语从句的先行词为不定代词everything，anything，all等时，引导词只能用that，不能用which。

C.先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰或由next，last,only,very修饰时，用that。

如：

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.

在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

例 2008年D类初赛

I saw acomic film,____was very amusing,last Saturday.In fact,it was the best film____I've ever seen.

A.which;what

B.that;which 

C.which;that 

D.that;what

【答案】C

【解析】which可以用来引导非限定性定语从句，而that不能，故第一个空应填which，因此排除B项和D项。第二个空中，that用来引导定语从句，what不可以用来引导定语从句。故C选项正确。

D.非限定性定语从句只能用which引导。

如：

He had failed in the math exam,which made his father very angry.

他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

例 2008年A类决赛

Ginger,pepper,cinnamon and some other aromatic flavours might be used for seasoning meat and fish,____was particularly important when there were no refrigerators.

A.that

B.what

C.there 

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】句意：生姜、胡椒、桂皮和其他芬芳的香料可能被用于烹饪肉类、鱼类时的调料。若没有电冰箱，这些调料显得尤其重要。横线前有逗号，即为非限定性定语从句，只能用which不能用that。

E.关系代词前面如果有介词，只能用which。

如：

This is the room in which my father lived last year.

这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

例 2011年D类初赛

It is useful to be able to predict the extent____a price change will affect supply and demands.

A.with which

B.to that

C.with that

D.to which

【答案】D

【解析】句意：能够预测价格影响供求的程度是很有用的。这是一个定语从句，由介词引导的定语从句只能用which，不能用that，排除B、C。固定短语：to the extent意为“到……程度”。

例 2012年C类初赛

His mother____hated city life longed to return to the village in____she grew up.

A.that;where

B.who;which 

C.who;that 

D.who;where

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他的母亲不喜欢城市生活，渴望回到那个哺育她长大的乡村。本句含有两个定语从句：第一个先行词his mother是人，其引导词选who；第二个先行词the village是物，此处它的引导词是由介词加关系代词组成，因此只能是in which的形式。

⑥but做关系代词，用于否定句，相当于who...not,that...not

这个结构的特点是主句中常有否定词或含有否定意义的词。

如：

There are few teachers but know how to use acomputer.

There is no complicated problem but can be solved by acomputer.

（3）状语从句

在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果从句。

①条件状语从句的常考知识点

A.if与unless的用法。

if和unless都是引导条件状语从句的连词，unless表示反面条件，相当于if not“如果不”、“除非”。

如：

Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels,the cars won't catch on in abig way unless drivers can fill them up at the gas station.

In debating,one must correct the opponent's facts,deny the relevance of his proof,or deny that what he presents as proof,if relevant,is sufficient.

B.复合连词as long as，so long as，as far as，on condition that，in the event that；动词及分词provided(that)，providing(that)，given that,suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引导条件状语从句。

如：

If left alone by humans,they(the forests)can regenerate,as long as there are seed trees in the neighborhood and the soil has not lost all its nutrients.

You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don't mind taking the night train.

Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times,he is sure to pass the test.

In the event that she has not been informed,I will tell her.(如果……)

例 2009年C类决赛

I think being alone is never really abad thing,____you've got something positive to do.

A.but for

B.provided that

C.in that 

D.in case

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我认为如果你手头有一些有意义的事情可以做的话，独处也未尝不是件好事。but for要不是。provided that假如。in that因为。in case万一。

C.祈使句表示条件。

如：

Talk to anyone in the drug industry,and you'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.

Dress warmly,or else you'll catch cold.

②让步状语从句的常考知识点

A.as引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。

如：

Much as he likes her,he does get irritated with her sometimes.

Tired as he was,we decided to disturb him.

例 2007年A类初赛

____she disliked the idea of marriage,she knew that political reasons might make it necessary.

A.Much as 

B.As much

C.Much though 

D.Though much

【答案】A

【解析】句意：虽然她不想结婚，但她也明白出于政治目的她还是要结婚。much as为固定搭配，表示“虽然”，因此本题选择A。

B.while引导让步从句。

如：

While it's true that we all need acareer,preferably aprofitable one,it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic.

C.复合连接词for all that和分词granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。

如：

Granted you have made much progress,you should not be conceited.

For all that computers can provide us with great help,they shouldn't be seen as substitutes for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.

D.Even if引导让步从句。

例 2011年C类决赛

____your computer has avirus protection programme,you might still fall victim to e-mail scams or other malicious software.

A.Not until

B.Even if

C.Now that 

D.In case

【答案】B

【解析】句意：即使你的计算机装有防病毒程序，你仍有可能成为邮件诈骗和其他恶意软件的受害者。even if即使；虽然。not until直到……才。now that既然。in case万一，假使。

③时间状语从句的常考知识点

A.before表示汉语的“只有/必须……才能”。

如：

Electronics must be programmed before they can work.必须为计算机编好程序它才能工作。

例 2011年D类初赛

They have taken measures to solve the city's pollution problem,but it may be some time____the situation improves.

A.before

B.for

C.unless

D.since

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他们已采取措施解决城市污染问题，但要使情况好转，还需要一段时间。It may/will be some time before...意为“要……还需要等一段时间”。

B.when引导时间从句时，如果出现在后半句，则表示“这/那时突然”。

如：

He was almost hurt when the bus came to asudden stop.

I have just started back for the house to change my clothes when Iheard the voices.

例 2007年B类决赛

I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave,____something occurred which attracted my attention.

A.unless

B.when

C.until

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】句意：正当我感到有些沮丧准备离开时，发生的一件事吸引了我的注意力。when引导时间状语从句。

C.when it comes to是习惯用法，意为“当谈到……时”。

如：

Doing your homework is asure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.

D.名词短语、介词短语each/every time,the moment/second/minute,in the time,by the time起连词作用。

如：

I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.

If individuals are awakened each time they begin adream phase of sleep,they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.

E.副词directly,immediately,instantly,now引导时间从句，相当于as soon as。

如：

The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.

④原因状语从句的常考知识点

A.in that引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。

如：

Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.

Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.

B.now that表示“既然”；seeing that,considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。

如：

Now that we have all the material ready,we should begin the new task at once.

He did poorly in the examinations,considering how hard he had tried for them.

例 2009年A类初赛

____we have the official list of participants，we can make the final arrangements accordingly.

A.Until

B.Even though

C.Now that 

D.Unless

【答案】C

【解析】句意：既然我们现在有官方的参赛者名单了，我们就可以相应地做出最终的安排了。now that既然，由于。until直到。even though尽管。unless除非。

例 2009年D类初赛

____you are familiar with the author's ideas,try reading all the sections as quickly as you can.

A.As soon

B.Ever since 

C.So that 

D.Now that

【答案】D

【解析】句意：既然你熟悉作者的思想，那就试着尽快读全部内容吧。

C.其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有:for the(simple)reason that,by reason that,on the grounds that,in as much as,in so far as等。

如：

I refuse to answer that question on the grounds that Idon't know the answer.

⑤while,whereas引导对比从句

如：

While the teenage population in the United States has declined over the past decade,violent crimes committed by juveniles have sharply increased.

A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult,whereas he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.

例 2010年D类决赛

Asia comprises29.5%of the world's land,____Australia comprises5.1%.

A.whereas 

B.wherever

C.unless 

D.since

【答案】A

【解析】句意：亚洲领土占世界29.5%，而澳大利亚占5.1%。whereas（用于比较或对比两个事实）然而，而。wherever无论什么地方。unless除非。since因为；自从……以来。

⑥so...that...,with the result that,so much so that引导结果状语从句

如：

Conversation becomes weaker in asociety that spends so much time listening and being talked to that it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.

He himself believed in freedom,so much so that he would rather die than live without it.

例 2012年B类初赛

Oil paints are____they have become the most popular painter's colors.

A.so versatile and durable that 

B.so versatile and durable than

C.such versatile and durable as 

D.such versatile and durable that

【答案】A

【解析】句意：油画颜料是如此的通用和耐用，以至于它们已经成为了最流行的绘画颜料。so...that如此……以至于。so...than不是固定搭配，并且than一般与比较级搭配。such是形容词，只能修饰名词，C项和D项搭配错误。

例 2009年D类初赛

She was so____in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.

A.attracted 

B.absorbed 

C.drawn 

D.concentrated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她是如此专注于她的工作，以至于没有听到有人在敲门。根据句意，只有选项B和D符合句意，而concentrate后要接介词on，故应选B项。

⑦in order that,in case,for fear that,lest(用虚拟语气),so that引导目的状语从句

如：

Give me your telephone number,in case Ineed your help.

Helen listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what John wanted.

例 2007年D类决赛

When she went out,she would disguise herself____nobody____recognize her.

A.so that;would

B.as though;will

C.now that;shall

D.in case;should

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她出去时会将自己伪装起来以防别人认出她来。so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词或助动词。as though好像，仿佛。now that既然。in case万一。

⑧where作为连接副词的一种用法，翻译为“在……地方”

如：

In Japan,a person's capabilities are not forced into an inflexible specialty.Where there is willingness and intelligence,there is aplace within the company to try and to succeed.

Where the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator,the trade wind causes aflow of water to the west.

3.倒装句

倒装有两种：完全倒装与部分倒装。英语句子采用倒装语序主要基于以下三方面的考虑：为了强调；使句子结构匀称；语法的要求。

疑难点拨

（1）only修饰的状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首时

如：

Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.

做过三次手术之后，他才能不用拐杖行走。

Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.

只有多练习你才能通过驾驶考试。

但only修饰主语时，则不倒装。

如：

Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.

只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。

例 2012年C类初赛

____both parties agree on these issues will acontract be signed soon.

A.If only

B.Unless

C.Should

D.Only if

【答案】D

【解析】句意：只有双方在这些问题上达成一致，协议才会尽快签署。only if“只有……(才)……”。当only if放在句首时，应该用倒装句型，将句子中的助动词will提前。If only“要是……多好”，表示说话人的愿望，常跟虚拟语气结构。unless“除非”，做连词，后句中助动词不用倒装。should情态动词，可置于条件状语从句之首，表示“万一”。

（2）含有否定意义的副词（never,seldom,little,few,not,nowhere等）位于句首时

如：

Seldom in all my life have Imet such abrave man.

我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。

Never did she care about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself.

虽然她处于极大的危险之中，但她根本不顾自己的安全。

例 2007年A类初赛

I spent all the winter break with my friends.Not asingle day____a few hours to myself.

A.I had

B.did Ihave

C.had I

D.I was having

【答案】B

【解析】not asingle day放在句首时句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词提前，动词had是实义动词have的过去时，其助动词要用did，因此本题答案选择B项。

（3）not until位于句首时

如：

Not until the early years of the19th century did man know what heat is.

直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。

在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。

如：

Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直到失去健康才会戒酒。

例2007年D类决赛

____I got home____that Ihad the wrong umbrella.

A.Not until;did Inotice

B.No sooner;than Inoticed

C.Scarcely;did Inotice

D.Only when;I noticed

【答案】A

【解析】句意：直到回到家，我才发现我拿错了伞。Not until放在句首时，要用倒装结构。

（4）在no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely/barely...when...结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装（谓语用过去完成时）

如：

Hardly had the baby seen the dog when she cried.

那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。

No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.

那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。

例2011年B类决赛

____had Ibought the computer____I regretted spending so much money on it.

A.After;that

B.Not only;but

C.As soon as;and

D.No sooner;than

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我刚买完电脑就后悔了，后悔自己在电脑上花了这么多钱。no sooner...than...“刚……就……”。

（5）not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装

如：

Not only does he teach in school,but he writes novels.

他不但在学校教书，而且还写小说。

Not only did she speak correctly,but also she spoke fluently.

她不但说得正确，而且说得流利。

（6）so/neither/nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时

用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词／情态动词＋主语”。

如：

If you can do it,so can I.

你若能做，我也能做。

If you don't go,neither shall I.

你不去，我也不去。

例 2008年A类决赛

Your correspondence and relations with Walter are known to me;____connected with the disappearance of Mr.Barlow.

A.so are the circumstances

B.as well as the circumstances

C.the circumstances are as well

D.as well are the circumstances

【答案】A

【解析】由横线前的分号可知后半句应为一个完整的句子。so+谓语+主语，表示……也一样；as well没有这种用法；as well as直接加名词，表示……也一样。

（7）as/though引导让步状语从句时

可将谓语部分的形容词／名词／动词等提到句首，采用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may,might,will,would等，且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)。

如：

Brave as they were,the danger made them afraid.

尽管他们很勇敢，但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。

Try as he would,he couldn't open the door.

他试过多次了,却仍打不开那门。

Boy as he was,he behaved like agirl.

他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。

例 2007年A类初赛

____she disliked the idea of marriage,she knew that political reasons might make it necessary.

A.Much as

B.As much

C.Much though

D.Though much

【答案】A

【解析】句意：虽然她不想结婚，但她也明白出于政治目的她还是要结婚。much as表示“虽然”，因此本题选择A。

（8）在so/such...that...结构中，so/such及其修饰部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装

如：

So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.

那女孩那么漂亮，她在选美比赛中获得冠军。

Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.

他发表的演说那么有教育意义，以至于所有的听众都很感动。

（9）在含有were/had/should虚拟条件句中，省去if，把这三个词放在句首时

如：

Were she here now(=If she were here now),she would take good care of her parents.

如果她现在在这儿，她就能照顾她的父母了。

Had you attended the graduate ceremony(=If you had attended the graduate ceremony),I should have seen you.

要是你参加了毕业典礼，我就会见到你了。

例 2012年C类初赛

____for my savings,I wouldn't be able to survive these miserable days.

A.Was it not

B.Were it not

C.Had it been not

D.Hadn't it been

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果没有那些存款，我可能没办法度过这段悲惨的日子。本句是虚拟句，且将if省略。句首倒装表强调，需将动词提前，相当于If it were not my savings。故选B。

例 2007年D类初赛

____the government to raise interest rates they____lose the election.

A.Were;would

B.If;will

C.Was;could

D.Unless;must

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果政府部门提高利率，他们可能会输掉这场选举。虚拟条件句中含有were,had或should等助动词或情态动词时，连词if可以省略，并使用倒装语序。

（10）在某些表示祝愿的句子中

如：

May you be happy!祝你幸福！

4.非谓语结构

非谓语动词就是在句中不做谓语的动词。非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式，动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词），没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词虽然不能做谓语，但还保留动词的特点，既可以接宾语或表语，也可以被状语修饰。

疑难点拨

（1）省略to的不定式

①在下列词组中，要用省to的不定式：would rather do,would rather do…than do,had better/best do,prefer to do…rather than do,nothing but/except/than do（别无他法，只有……），cannot help but（不得不）。

如：

Kids would rather play than study.

孩子们宁愿玩也不愿意学习。

He could do nothing but wait for the news.

他除了等消息之外，别无他法。

例 2009年D类决赛

I was so embarrassed that Icouldn't do anything but____there when Ifirst met my present boss.

A.to sit

B.sitting

C.sat

D.sit

【答案】D

【解析】句意：第一次碰到我现在的老板时，我很尴尬，除了坐在那里不知道该干什么。couldn't do anything but(to)do sth.表示除了做什么之外别无选择。如果but前有do的适当形式，but后接省略to的不定式。

例 2007年A类决赛

Many people prefer to have their tax forms completed by aprofessional rather than____it themselves.

A.doing

B.do

C.to do

D.did

【答案】B

【解析】句意：许多人喜欢由专业人士来完成他们的税收申报表格，而不是由他们自己亲自完成。prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事，在此句型中rather than后面要用动词原形，所以B选项正确。

②在make,let,have,notice,watch,see,observe,hear,feel等动词后的复合宾语中，不定式不带to。但在被动语态中，省略的to必须加上。

如：

That the mother lost her son made her fall ill.

失去了儿子使这位母亲病倒了。

I felt the floor move at the time of the earthquake.

地震的时候我感觉到地板动了。

Our teacher had us hand in our exercise books after class.

老师让我们下课以后交练习本。

③不定式的复合结构“for+名词/代词+不定式”表示的不定式这一动作并不是句子主语做的，其逻辑主语是for后的名词或代词。在句中做主语、表语、状语、定语、宾语。

如：

He opened the door for her to come in.

他打开了门，她进来了。

They voted for Wang Gang to be the monitor.

他们选举王广为班长。

（2）分词独立主格结构

分词做状语时，一般修饰句子的谓语，分词动作的执行者一般是句子的主语；但有时分词带有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立主格结构。逻辑主语由名词或代词充当，放在分词前，和分词一起在句中做状语。这一结构可以表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状态等。

如：

So many people(being)absent,we decided to put off the meeting.

如此多的学生缺席，我们决定推迟这次会议。

Summer vocation having come,the students went home.

放暑假了，学生都回家了。

Weather permitting,we'll go to the Great Wall tomorrow.

天气允许的话，我们就会去长城。

Following the old man,the young people started walking slowly.

年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。

例 2007年A类初赛

So,____,there remains afundamental question:at what precise time does life begin?

A.everything been considered

B.all being considered

C.all to be considered

D.all things considered

【答案】D

【解析】句意：所有的事情都被考虑到了，但仍然有一个基本的问题（没有考虑到），那就是生命的起源发生在什么时候？本题考查的是过去分词在句中做独立结构的用法。

例 2008年B类决赛

____,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than aman whose command of language is poor.

A.Other things being equal

B.Were other things equal

C.To be equal to other things

D.Other things to be equal

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在其他条件都相同的情况下，能有效表达自己的人一定能比语言表达能力差的人更快地取得成功。other things being equal在其他条件都相同的情况下。

例 2007年D类决赛

____her phone number,we had some difficulty____her.

A.Not knowing;contacting

B.Writing down;getting in touch with

C.Not having told;seeing

D.Having remembered;meeting

【答案】A

【解析】句意：因为不知道她的电话号码，我们很难联系上她。-ing分词做独立主格，引导原因状语。

（3）现在分词和动名词的辨析

①现在分词做定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，如：

a sleeping child睡着了的孩子（=a child is sleeping，child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作)。

动名词做定语表示被修饰的“目的，用途”等，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系。如：

a sleeping bag睡袋(用途，=a bag for sleeping)。

②现在分词做表语时说明动作是由主语完成的；动名词做表语是说明主语的性质或情况。现在分词具有形容词的句法功能，动名词具有名词的句法功能。

如：

My job is teaching the students English.（动名词）

我的工作是教学生英语。

My job is interesting.（现在分词）

我的工作很有趣。

例 2012年C类初赛

All things____,I think I'd better take your advice.

A.considering

B.to be considered

C.considered

D.have been considered

【答案】C

【解析】句意：将一切考虑周全后，我想我最好还是采取你的建议。根据句意，考虑事情显然发生在过去。本句以主谓短语做状语，all things与consider之间是被动的关系，排除considering,以被动结构considered做分词，而to be considered是将来被动式，时态不符，故答案选C。

例 2008年A类初赛

More and more people are signing up for yoga classes nowadays,____advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A.taking

B.to have taken

C.having taken

D.having been taken

【答案】A

【解析】take advantage of充分利用……的优势。此处为现在分词做状语，表目的。

例 2007年D类决赛

Although ateenager,Tom could resist____what to do and what not to do.

A.being told

B.thinking

C.to be tempted

D.on trying

【答案】A

【解析】句意：虽然Tom还是个小孩，但是他能拒绝别人对他的摆布。resist后须接动名词做宾语。

例 2010年D类决赛

While____an efficiency test on an engine,certain precautions should be observed.

A.making

B.to make

C.being made

D.made

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在进行发动机的效率测试时要采取一些预防措施。while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语又含有be，则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。在本题中从句和主句的主语都是人，从句省略了people/workers are。

5.虚拟语气

虚拟语气是英语语法中的一项重要内容，也是大学生英语竞赛的必考项目。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用于表示说话人所说的话与事实不符，包括想象、假设、建议、打算、愿望等。

虚拟语气按时间概念的不同可分为三种形式：①与现在事实相反；②与过去事实相反；③与将来事实相反。这三种非真实条件句的动词表现形式通常来说是非常规范的，如下表：

例 2008年A类决赛

He can only blame himself for failing the exam.He____harder during the year,but he seemed to go out with adifferent girl every weekend.

A.would have worked

B.should have worked

C.must work

D.ought to work

【答案】B

【解析】should have done表虚拟语气，本应该做却没做。句意：考试没过，他只能怪自己。这一年他本应该努力学习的，但事实上他每周似乎都和不同的女孩外出。

例 2011年C类决赛

There must be some kind of technical problem.The film____by now.

A.should have started

B.must have started

C.might have started

D.could have started

【答案】A

【解析】句意：肯定是出了技术问题。电影现在本该开始了。这里是虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。

例 2010年C类初赛

If you____Susan recently,you'd think the photograph on the right was strange.

A.shouldn't contact

B.hadn't contacted

C.weren't to contact

D.didn't contact

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果你最近还没接触苏珊的话，你就会觉得右边的照片很奇怪。本句为错综时间复杂句，从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对将来的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时，主句为would+动词原形。

疑难点拨

（1）虚拟语气的倒装——省略if的条件句

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首倒装。

如：

Were Iyou,I would discuss it with my family.

如果我是你的话，我就会和我的家庭讨论这个问题。

Had you come earlier,you would have met him.

如果你早点来的话，你就会见到他。

Should you listen to him,you would make great progress.

要是你听他的话，你就会取得很大的进步。

例 2011年C类决赛

____,everyone would probably have escaped from the building.

A.Had it not been locked the fire door

B.Had not been locked the fire door

C.Had the fire door not been locked

D.Had the fire door not locked

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果不是防火门被锁，可能所有人都已逃离了该建筑。Had the fire door not been locked=If the fire door had not been locked。

例 2008年A类初赛

____the neighboring street,it would have had to pass through the station barriers,where acollector is always standing.

A.Had it not been pulled down

B.But for bringing it up

C.Should it not have been carried down from

D.Had it not been carried down from

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装句的用法。

例 2007年D类决赛

____your help,they'd never have been able to overcome the difficulties.

A.Were it not

B.If it was not

C.Had it not been for

D.Had it not for

【答案】C

【解析】若虚拟条件句中含有were，had或should等时，连词if可以省略，并使用倒装语序。were it not若不是……的话，若非。had it not been for“如果不是因……”。

（2）虚拟语气的特殊形式

①一些动词在接宾语从句时，要用虚拟语气。这些动词包括：insist,command,order,suggest,advice,propose,request,require,demand,recommend,intend,deserved,desire。

如：

Mother insists that the wallet Ipicked up in the street(should)be given back to the owner.

母亲认为我在街上捡到的那个皮包应该还回失主。

例 2007年B类初赛

It is recommended that the project____until all the preparations have been made.

A.not be started

B.will not be started

C.is not started

D.is not to be started

【答案】A

【解析】句意：建议在所有的准备工作完成之前，这项工程不要开始。It is recommended后面的主语从句用虚拟语气，用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可省略，因此本题选择A项。

例 2008年D类决赛

I suggested that Helen____him if she does need to get out of her present mess.

A.visits

B.visited

C.should visit

D.would visit

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我的建议是海伦去拜访一下他，如果她确实需要走出现在的困境的话。suggest表建议时后跟should do表虚拟语气，should可省略。

②当上述动词以名词形式出现，并且被用来做主语引导一个表语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，其形式同上。

如：

My suggestion was that we(should)leave the burning building at once.

我的意见是我们应该马上离开这个着火的房子。

③当上述动词的名词形式接同位语从句时，同位语从句用虚拟语气，用法同上。

如：

The students put forward the demand that the class(should)be started at8:30in stead of8:00.

学生们要求将原来的8:00上课改为8:30。

例 2009年D类决赛

The stubborn young man didn't follow the advice that he____on his bad behavior.

A.reflect

B.reflects

C.would reflect

D.must reflect

【答案】A

【解析】这是一个由that引导的同位语从句，说明advice的具体内容。advice建议，是一个带有主观意愿的名词，因而后面接的从句要用should do的虚拟语气形式，其中should可以省略。

④用在so that（为了），lest（以防），for fear that（怕），in case（以防）引导的状语从句中，从句中的should一般不省略。

如：

They got up early so that they should(=could/might)catch the first bus in time.

他们起得很早以便能及时赶上头班公交车。

We went over the document again and again lest we should miss any of the main points.

我们把文件看了一遍又一遍，唯恐忽略了其中的什么要点。

He is working hard for fear that he should fall behind others.

他努力工作，唯恐落在别人后面。

例 2008年C类初赛

Lest anyone____it strange,let me assure you that it is quite true.

A.thought

B.should think

C.had thought

D.thinking

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我向你保证这千真万确，以免有人认为它奇怪。lest所连接的状语从句里一般用should或动词原形，表示“以免，生怕，唯恐”。

⑤在“it is/was＋advisable,preferable,important,necessary,essential,urgent,vital,natural,strange,等形容词＋that从句”的句型中用虚拟语气。

如：

It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once.

有必要马上派他到那里去。

It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly.

真奇怪，这个轮子竟然转动得如此之慢。

例 2007年A类决赛

It is essential that applicants whose first language is not English____sufficient linguistic competence to avoid any delay or difficulty in pursuing their studies.

A.had obtained

B.would have obtained

C.should have obtained

D.must obtain

【答案】C

【解析】句意：对第一语言为非英语的申请人来说，具备足够的语言学习能力对减少求学过程中的困难和滞后性至关重要。本题旨在考虚拟语气的用法。

⑥虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的应用：

wish的各种时态都不影响从句的时态。

A.与现在事实相反的愿望：

wish+从句主语+动词的过去式。

如：

He wishes he were abird.

他希望自己是一只小鸟。

例 2011年B类决赛

I wish Peter____so far away from the town centre.We'll have to take ataxi.

A.doesn't live 

B.didn't live

C.wouldn't live

D.shouldn't live

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我希望皮特住得没有离市中心这么远。我们只好打车去了。题干中主句动词是wish，这里用的是虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去式，所以选B。

例 2008年D类初赛

He is not satisfied with his exam results and wishes he____harder for his exams.

A.has studied

B.would study

C.studies

D.had studied

【答案】D

【解析】wish后面的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故应使用过去完成时态。

B.与过去事实相反的愿望：

wish+从句主语+had+动词的过去分词。

如：

She wished she had been braver then.她真希望那时她胆子大一些。

C.与将来事实可能相反的愿望：

wish+从句主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形。

如：

We wish that he could be with us tomorrow.但愿他明天和我们在一起。

⑦在“would rather+that（常省略）从句”的句型中，从句用虚拟语气。从句时态根据句子要表达的意义而定。

如：

I would rather you stayed here.

我宁愿你待在这儿。

Mary would rather she had not broken the window.

玛丽真希望她自己没有打破这扇窗户。

例 2009年D类初赛

I'd rather you____anything about the garden until the weather improves.

A.don't make

B.didn't do

C.don't do

D.didn't make

【答案】B

【解析】would rather从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，此处应用一般过去时表示过去现在或将来要做的事。

⑧as if/though从句中需用虚拟语气。

A.在as if/though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况，它们所引导的表示虚拟性比喻或方式的状语从句要用虚拟语气。动词形式和wish后面的从句中动词形式变化相同。

如：

I have loved you as if you were my son.我喜欢你，就好像你是我的儿子。

They were sitting there as if nothing had happened.

他们只是坐在那里就像什么事都没发生过。

B.as if/though引导的从句有时依句意需要，也可用陈述语气，表示说话人认为有可能是事实的事。

如：

It seems as if she knows me.

似乎她认识我。（事实上她认识我的可能性很大）

He walks as if he is drunk.

他走起路来像是喝醉了酒。（事实上他可能真的喝醉了）

⑨在“到了该做……的时候了”（It is time that…)句型中，从句用过去式这种虚拟形式。区别于It is(high)time to do sth.。

如：

It is time that we went to bed.现在是该睡觉的时间了。

It is high time that we handed in the homework.现在是我们该交作业的时候了。

⑩在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for和副词otherwise等表达出来。但是包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。

如：

We didn't know his telephone number;otherwise we would have telephoned him.

我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就给他打电话了。

But for your advice,I should have failed.要不是你的忠告，我会失败的。

6.其他

（1）代词

代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。英语代词使用得很广泛。代词的八大种类：人称代词；物主代词；自身代词；相互代词；提示代词；疑问代词；关系代词；不定代词。

例 2008年C类决赛

Meeting my first teacher of English after all these years was an unforgettable moment,____I will always treasure.

A.that

B.one

C.it

D.what

【答案】B

【解析】由横线前的逗号可知后半句为由which引导的非限定性定语从句，或由one指代，构成同位语从句。因此答案B正确。

例 2009年D类决赛

He has been ill with astrange disease lately,____I've never heard of before.

A.it

B.this

C.that

D.one

【答案】D

【解析】句意：最近他患了一种奇怪的病，这种病我之前从未听说过。one作“一种”理解，用来代替上文提到过的a strange disease，以避免重复。

（2）语态

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者的为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者的为被动语态。

例 2008年A类初赛

There seemed little hope that the explorers,____in the rainforest,would find their way out.

A.having deserted

B.to have been deserted

C.to be deserted

D.having been deserted

【答案】D

【解析】此句中having been deserted用于描述explorers的状态，是已经被遗弃在雨林里。选项A中缺少被动态，可以排除。to do表示打算、计划做，to have done则是表示本来打算做但实际上没做，是虚拟语气的用法。因此，选项B和C都可以排除。余下的选项D为正确答案。

例 2008年C类初赛

When Sally____the criminal____her house,she screamed at the top of her voice because she didn't want____.

A.saw;enter;killed

B.saw;enter;to be killed

C.sees;entering;be killed

D.sees;enter;killing

【答案】B

【解析】句意：“萨利看到那个罪犯走进她的房间后，她大声尖叫起来，因为她不想被杀死。”根据句意，第一空为一般过去时；see sb.doing sth.为“看见某人正在干某事”，see sb.do sth.为“看见某人做了某事”，故第二空中，动词原形和现在分词均可用；want to do为固定用法，且主语和kill之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。选B选项。

疑难点拨

①若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词。

如：

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

改为被动：I was made to go out of the classroom(by the teacher).

We saw him play football on the playground.

改为被动：He was seen to play football on the playground.

②带同源宾语的及物动词、反身代词、相互代词，不能用于被动语态。

如：

She dreamed abad dream last night.

③wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive等的主动形式表示被动意义。

如：

The book sells well.这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。

④be determined,be pleased,be graduated(from),be finished,be prepared(for),be occupied(in),get married等的被动形式表示主动意义。

如：

He is graduated from afamous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。

（3）情态动词

情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独使用，而要与不带to的普通动词一起用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对某行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。

情态动词的特点：

情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后的动词需用原形，否定形式是在情态动词后加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。

例 2011年C类初赛

—What am Igoing to do about apresent for Carol?

—You____some flowers.

A.might have sent her

B.must have sent her

C.could send her

D.would send her

【答案】C

【解析】根据第一句的问题是寻求建议，情态动词could可用来提出建议。might have done表示推断。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推断。would表示过去将来时。

例 2007年D类初赛

Water____be changed into gas,but it____be heated to its boiling point.

A.must;can

B.may;needn't

C.can;must

D.need;may

【答案】C

【解析】句意：水能够变成气体，但必须得它达到沸点时才可以。

例 2008年D类初赛

He won't be expecting apresent,so you____buy him one.

A.can't

B.have to

C.don't need

D.needn't

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他不会在期待得到礼物，因此你也不必给他买。表示“不必”用needn't或don't need to。

例42009年D类初赛

You have to read the manual carefully first,otherwise you____have difficulty using the cell phone.

A.should

B.will

C.might

D.may

【答案】A

【解析】should作为情态动词，可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常译为“可能”、“总该……吧”，相当于be expected to。

◆情景对话技巧指南

1.答题步骤

（1）认真审题，明确语境

通读整篇对话，弄清对话是在什么地方、什么情况下进行的，参与对话的人是什么身份、地位。这有助于充分理解对话所涉及的内容，了解对话双方的目的和意图。

（2）浏览对话，上下对照

做补全对话题时，要紧密联系上下文，不能孤立地去看某些句子。既要瞻前，又要顾后。要将自己置身于对话之中，站在对话人所处的位置上，全面地考虑，留意问什么就答什么；或答了什么，就问什么。要紧紧抓住对话主题，围绕对话人的目的和意图，结合语境，逐步推敲。

（3）沉着做答，重读复核

在补全对话之后，要将整段对话再默读一遍，对所选答案进行验证。要从所填内容是否符合语境，上下文意思是否连贯，是否符合英美人的交流习惯等方面进行复查。

2.解题技巧

（1）根据上下文语意判断

做情景对话题，最重要的就是联系上下文，从已有部分中推断出未知部分，通常句子中会出现与之相关的关键词或句子的提示。最常用的方法就是代入法，把不合适的一一排除。

（2）根据语法判断

根据对话中句子的结构、时态、语态、单词的特殊用法等来判断正确选项。

例 2010年C类初赛

—Would you like me to go to the dentist with you?

—No,you____with me.

A.need not to go

B.need not go

C.do not need go

D.not need go

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——你想要我陪你去看牙医吗？——不用了，你不用陪我去。need做实义动词时，表示“需要；必须”，为不及物动词，表否定时应为“do not need to do”；作情态动词时，表示“必须”，后加动词原形，表否定时应为“need not do”，故此处选B。

例 2010年C类决赛

—Why can't you and Sarah go to the movies tonight?

—We are____a mathematics test tomorrow and Imust prepare for it.

A.supposed to have

B.supposedly to have

C.supposed to having

D.supposedly to having

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——你和莎拉今晚为何不能去看电影？——我们明天要参加数学考试，我必须得做些准备。be supposed to do应该，被期望。

（3）根据答句yes/no判断

当答句为yes/no时，则上一句一般为一般疑问句或反义疑问句。

例 2007年C类初赛

—The radio's terribly loud.Could you turn it down alittle?

—Sorry!____

—Yes,and something else—wouldn't it be an idea to buy your own soap?

A.Is it disturbing you?

B.I forgot where Iput my soup this morning.

C.A football match was broadcast live on it.

D.Could you repeat what you said?

【答案】A

【解析】根据最后一句的回答“Yes”来判断，sorry后面的空白处应该是一个一般疑问句，因此排除B和C两个选项。根据上下文的语境可排除D项。

（4）根据特殊疑问词判断

根据how long/much/many/often等特殊疑问句来判断答句的内容，或根据答句提供的时间、地点或方式等细节信息判断特殊疑问词。

例 2010年C类初赛

Beata:I've put the job advertisement in the newspaper,Mr.Trim.

Trim:Good.____

Beata:Well,it was abit more than the$10that they quoted us.

Trim:As long as it wasn't$10a day.

A.How to schedule it?

B.How much was it?

C.How often was it put there?

D.Flow about the newspaper?

【答案】B

【解析】由于Beata的回答是收费，可推测Trim问的内容是价钱多少。

（5）根据转折词判断

转折词表示与现实情况不符或与说话人意见不同等，通过转折词之前或之后的内容，可以推断出空白部分所表达的意思。

例 2012年C类决赛

—Do you know the students have been protesting against the increased tuition?

—I've heard about the protest,but____

A.I've joined in it to support the students.

B.I don't see any good it will do.

C.I do know the reason for it.

D.I think it'll be agreat success.

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——你知道学生们在抗议学费增长的事了吗？——我已经听说了，但是____。通过but可知说话人语气是不赞同抗议的，因此选择B选项。

（6）根据搭配、习语等判断

例 2010年C类决赛

—My brother still hasn't made adecision____the new engineering project.

—It's really ahard choice.

A.in spite of

B.on account of

C.with regard to

D.in proportion to

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我哥哥还没有在新的工程项目上做出决定。in spite of不管。on account of由于。with regard to关于。in proportion to相对于……来说；与……成比例。

（7）根据标点符号来判断

不同标点符号表达不同的感情色彩，做题时，可根据一些特殊的标点符号来判断空白处内容。

例 2011年B类初赛

—How do you feel about soaps?

—Soap operas!____I watch them all.I've just finished watching Desperate Housewives.

—Oh really?So what happened this week then?

A.Brilliant!It's one of my favourites.

B.I think they're rubbish.

C.They're really not my taste.

D.I love them.

【答案】D

【解析】大意：一个人问另一个人觉得肥皂剧怎么样，第二个人用了叹号回答，又说自己也看，刚刚看完了《绝望的主妇》，可以推导出他喜欢看肥皂剧。B“我觉得它们是垃圾”和C“它们不符合我的口味”都与后面的话语义相反，排除。A“太棒了，这是我最喜欢的其中之一”，题中没有说他喜欢的其他事物是什么。

（8）根据交际礼节等来判断

例 2011年C类决赛

—Rose,mind your step!Jane slipped on the wet floor and broke her leg yesterday.

—____.

A.It's none of your business

B.It doesn't matter to me

C.Thank you for telling me

D.I don't care at all

【答案】C

【解析】对于别人的提醒应该礼貌地表示感谢。

◆文化部分知识串讲

1.英国

2.美国