Day 5
Group 1
apology[
]n.[C,U]道歉【例句】We received a letter of apology.我们收到了一封致歉信。
apologize(apologise)[
]vi.道歉【例句】I must apologize for not being able to meet you.我因为没能去接你而向你道歉。
basis[
](pl.bases)n.(sing.)①基础②方式【巧记】base v.以……为基础→basis n.
【搭配】on the basis of根据某事,基于……:Voters usually make their choice on the basis of domestic issues.选民常常着眼于国内问题来选举候选人。
bunch[
]n.[C]束,串,捆bundle[
]n.[C]①捆,包,束②一批vt.捆扎【搭配】bundle up把……捆扎(或包)起来
【例句】We bundled up some old clothes for the jumble sale.我们把一些旧衣物捆起来准备义卖。
【辨析】bundle多指形状和体积相同或不同的东西扎在一起,强调“沉的,难提”之义,如several bundles of old newspapers and magazines几捆旧报纸和旧杂志。bunch指同类的东西串或绑在一起,即“一束、一串”,强调不可分离,有整齐、紧凑的含义,如a bunch of bananas,grapes,etc.一串香蕉、葡萄等。
dawn[
]n.[U,C]①黎明,拂晓②开端,起始vi.①破晓②开始,出现【搭配】dawn on开始明白,醒悟:The truth began to dawn on him.他开始弄明白真相。
daylight[
]n.[U]日光,白昼【巧记】day(白天)+light(光)
【例句】The colours look different when viewed in daylight.在日光下看,颜色显得不同。
pressure[
]n.[U]①压,按②压力vt.对……施加压力(或影响)【巧记】press v.按,压→pressure n.;depress(de-前缀表示“向下”;向下按→使不振);express(ex-前缀表示“向外”;压出来→表达)
【真题】She will now face more pressure to change that policy.她将会面临政策改变带来的更多压力。
depress[
]vt.①使沮丧,使消沉②使不景气,削弱【例句】Wet weather always depresses me.我在阴雨天总是精神不振。
express[
]vt.①表达,陈述②描绘,表达a.[作定语]①特别指出的②特快的,快速的n.①(sing.)快车②[U]邮件快递(服务)【例句】She can express herself very well.她善于表达自己。
expression[
]n.①[C]措辞,表达②[C]表情③表露,展现【例句】She had an angry expression in her eyes.她露出愤怒的眼神。
employee[
]n.[C]受雇者,雇员【巧记】employ v.雇→employer雇主;employee雇员;employment(雇佣)职业
employment[
]n.[U]职业,工作【例句】She is in/out of employment.她目前有工作/失业。
faithful[
]a.①忠诚的,忠实的②可信任的【巧记】-ful常与名词结合构成形容词,表示“full of...完全……,满是……”,如faithful=full of faith;fearful=full of fear。
【例句】She was always faithful to her husband.她对丈夫一直很忠诚。
fearful[
]a.①可怕的②忧虑的【例句】We were fearful that he might harm himself.我们担心他会伤到自己。
graceful[
]a.①优美的,优雅的②得体的,体面的【巧记】grace n.优美→graceful(full of grace)
【例句】Her movements were graceful and elegant.她的动作得体优雅。
grateful[
]a.感激的,感谢的【巧记】grat是词根,表示“感激”。其衍生词为grateful和gratitude。
【例句】We are very grateful to their help.对于他们的帮助我们是非常感谢的。
gratitude[
]n.[U]感激,感谢【例句】Gratitude is the best attitude.感恩是最好的态度。
hopeful[
]a.有希望的,怀有希望的【巧记】hopeful=full of hope
【例句】The future does not seem very hopeful.前途似乎有点不妙。
painful[
]a.令人疼痛的【用法】painful作表语时,其主语不能是人,只能用疼痛部位作主语。My ankle is still too painful to walk on.我的脚踝太疼,不能走路。
Group 2
plentiful[
]a.丰富的,充足的【例句】She had a plentiful store of food.她贮存了大量的食物。
powerful[
]a.①有权势的,有影响力的②强壮的,强健的【例句】The headmaster is a powerful man.校长是个有权力的人物。
thoughtful[
]a.①沉思的,思考的②体贴的,关心的【例句】It was very thoughtful of you to invite her to the party.你邀请她来参加聚会,想得真是周到。
extraordinary[
]a.①出色的,非凡的②令人惊奇的【巧记】extra(超过)+ordinary(平常的)
【例句】My father has an extraordinary memory.我爸爸有惊人的记忆力。
humble[
]a.①谦逊的,谦虚的②地位(或身份)低下的,卑贱的vt.使谦恭,使卑下【例句】He started his career as a humble peanut farmer.他是从一名地位低下的花生农夫起家的。
invest[
]v.①投资②投入(时间、精力等)③授予,赋予【搭配】invest in sth.投时间于……:The doctors invested years in their search of a cure.那些医生花费数年光阴寻找治疗方法。
investment[
]n.[C,U]①投资,投资额②(时间、精力等的)投入【例句】She made an investment of ten thousand dollars in this company.她为这家公司投了一万美元。
licence(license)[
]n.[C]许可证,执照vt.许可,准许【搭配】a driving licence驾驶执照
【例句】They had licensed the firm to produce the drug.他们允许这家公司生产药品。
monument[
]n.[C]①纪念碑,纪念馆②历史遗迹,名胜古迹【搭配】an ancient monument一处古迹
musician[
]n.[C]音乐家,乐师【巧记】music n.音乐→musical a.;musician n.
occasion[
]n.①[C]时刻,时候②[C]重大(或特殊)活动,盛会③(sing.)时机,机会【搭配】on occasion(s)偶尔,有时:On occasion prisoners were allowed visits from their families.有时会允许罪犯家属探视。
occasional[
]a.偶尔的,间或发生的【例句】There will be occasional showers during the day.白天将偶有阵雨。
rate[
]n.[C]①速度,进度②比率,率vt.①估价,评估②划分等级vi.被评价【搭配】at any rate无论如何,至少
【例句】We rate him among the great artists.我们都认为他是一位伟大的艺术家。
ratio[
]n.[C]比例,比率【辨析】rate所表示的“率,比率”只是抽象的名词,the annual birth rate年出生率;而ratio是两个数量之间的比例。The ratio of nurses to doctors is 2:1.护士与医生的比例是2:1。
simplicity[
]n.[U]①简单,简易②朴素【巧记】simple a.简单的→simplicity n.;simply ad.
【例句】The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.该计划的妙处在于简洁明了。
simply[
]ad.①简单地②完全,简直③仅仅,只不过【例句】He goes there simply because he likes to.他去那儿只是因为他喜欢去。
undergo[
](underwent,undergone)vt.经历,遭受【巧记】在重压下(under)行走(go)→经历,遭受(不好的事情)
【例句】She underwent a thorough examination at the hospital.她在医院里接受了全面检查。
underground[
]a./ad.①地下(的)②秘密(的),不公开(的)n.[C]①(sing.)地铁②地下组织(或运动)【巧记】under(在……下)+ground(地面)
【例句】He went underground to avoid arrest.他躲到地下以逃避追捕。
underneath[
]prep.在……下面,在……底下ad.在下面,在底下n.(sing.)下部,底部【辨析】under指在正下方,没有接触;underneath既可以表示有接触,也可表无接触,含有隐蔽的意味。She found a lot of dust underneath the carpet.她发现地毯下面有许多尘土。
undertake[
](undertook,undertaken)vt.①承担,着手做②同意,答应,许诺【巧记】under(在……下)+take(拿,担);承担
【例句】I repeat that we cannot undertake the task.我再说一遍,我们不能承担这项任务。
Exercise
1.He___a lot of time in trying to develop the education in this area.
A.involved
B.investigated
C.invested
D.interfered
2.It___us that no progress was made during the negotiations.
A.depressed
B.expressed
C.pressed
D.equipped
3.The city has___many changes during the last ten years.
A.undertook
B.charged
C.happened
D.undergone
4.The oil was discharging from the tanker at the___of thousands of gallons an hour.
A.rate
B.ratio
C.percent
D.percentage
答案:
1.C。他投入大量时间,尽力发展这一地区的教育。invest time in doing花时间做……;involve卷入某事当中;investigate调查;interfere干涉。
2.A。谈判毫无进展,我们情绪低落。depress使压抑,使低落;express表达;press压;equip配置。
3.D。这个城市在过去十年中发生了很多变化。undergo经历;undertake承担(责任等);happen发生,不能用做及物动词;charge收费。
4.A。石油以每小时数千加仑的速度从油轮中流出来。rate速度,流速;ratio比例;percent百分之……的;percentage百分率。