02 Clone Wars
克隆战争
导读
克隆是英文clone的音译，简单讲就是一种人工诱导的无性繁殖方式。克隆技术的设想是由德国胚胎学家于1938年首次提出的。1952年，科学家首先用青蛙开展克隆实验，之后不断有人利用各种动物进行克隆技术研究。1996年7月5日，英国科学家伊恩·维尔穆特博士用成年羊体细胞克隆出一只328绵羊，给克隆技术研究带来了重大突破，它突破了以往只能用胚胎细胞进行动物克隆的技术难关，首次实现了用体细胞进行动物克隆的目标，实现了更高意义上的动物复制。
With all the benefits of cloning, it may seem puzzling that anyone would protest its continued exploration and perfection. However, that is exactly what has occurred, as scientists delve deeper into the mysteries of artificial duplication of life. Many religious groups are infuriated that humanity is busying itself with the creation of life. They argue vociferously
that such actions are to be left to some almighty creator. They believe that only God—in whatever visage one chooses to ascribe to an omnipotent deity—has the right to create life, and that human science is treading in territory that it has no right to invade. Moreover, religious groups are concerned that clones may lack a spiritual dimension. They worry that clones will be missing souls. They believe that only those human beings who are conceived via procreation are provided with souls by a deity. By proceeding with cloning experiments, many in the religious community argue, science is on the brink of unleashing a culture of soulless life forms onto the world.
Nor are religious groups the only ones who shy away from cloning. Other parties are concerned that cloning will lead to a group of people that will be regarded as less than human, or at the very least, inferior to those who have been cloned via procreation. Some people fear that clones will be exploited and used as slaves. Moreover, even the gender wars come into the cloning arena. At least one staunch feminist worries that if men are allowed to perfect human cloning, they will eventually produce a race of subservient compliant women. Still others fear that cloning will lead to the production of genetically enhanced super-soldiers. These will be, quite literally, human instruments of war.
On the other hand, scientists argue that humanity has every right to explore cloning and any other aspect of human existence. They chide religious groups for curtailing valuable scientific inquiry. They point out that the argument about whether or not embryos that have been produced via cloning have souls was also raised when in vitro fertilization first became a reality. Those involved in biotechnology concede that there are risks involved in cloning experimentation, but they point out that risk has always been a part of human advancement. They maintain that taking cautious steps into the development of cloning will curtail many unnecessary mistakes, and they are prepared to accept the mistakes that they do make. Ultimately, a great many scientists argue that the benefits involved in moving deeper into the realm of cloning more than outweigh the risks of stifling further research.
既然克隆技术益处良多，那么有人反对继续研究完善这项技术便令人疑惑不解。然而，随着科学家深入探索人工复制生命的奥秘，反对声便随之而来了。许多宗教团体对于人类忙于创造生命的现象感到愤怒。他们激烈地表示这种行为应该留给万能的造物主，并相信唯有上帝拥有创造万物的权利，不管人们心目中全能之神的面貌有何不同。这些宗教团体认为人类科学已经侵犯了自己无权侵犯的领地，并且担心克隆人会因缺乏一些精神层面的东西而迷失灵魂，因为他们相信只有通过母体受孕产生的人们才会由神赐予灵魂。有关克隆的试验仍在继续，然而许多宗教人士声称，科学正处在一个边缘，即向这个世界释放大批没有灵魂的生命体。
并非只有宗教团体对克隆技术持反对态度。其他社会团体所关心的是，克隆技术会产生一群人造人，地位要低于普通人，或者至少是不及那些通过母体生殖产生的克隆人。有人认为克隆人会给拿来做奴隶，受尽剥削。还有，克隆甚至会引发性别战争。至少有一位坚定的女权主义者表示担忧，认为如果男人获准完善克隆技术，他们便会制造一批恭顺又屈从的女性来。还有人担心人们会利用克隆技术，通过增强基因的办法创造一批“超级战士”，而这很容易被当作战争的工具。
另一方面来讲，科学家们认为人类拥有探索克隆技术以及其他人类存在现象的一切权利。他们指责宗教团体阻挠有价值的科学探究，并且指出克隆所得胚胎是否有灵魂的问题在体外授精成为现实之前也曾提及过。生物工艺学的研究者承认克隆试验存在风险，但是他们又表示人类的进步总要有风险相伴，只要小心谨慎地研究克隆技术，犯不必要错误的几率便大大降低，就算确实犯了错误，自己也愿意接受。最后，许多科学家声称深入研究克隆技术，利要远大于弊。
Translation Practices
翻译练习
Moreover, even the gender wars come into the cloning arena. At least one staunch feminist worries that if men are allowed to perfect human cloning, they will eventually produce a race of subservient compliant women. Still others fear that cloning will lead to the production of genetically enhanced super-soldiers. These will be, quite literally, human instruments of war.
Key
还有，克隆甚至会引发性别战争。至少有一位坚定的女权主义者表示担忧，认为如果男人获准完善克隆技术，他们便会制造一批恭顺又屈从的女性来。还有人担心人们会利用克隆技术，通过增强基因的办法创造一批“超级战士”，而这很容易被当作战争的工具。