第六节 模板句型和万能框架
前面已讲过，雅思写作议论文的题型主要分为两大类：辩论型题目（argumentation）和解释型题目（analysis） 。对于辩论型题目，下面介绍三种常用的写作方法，即一边倒写法、一波三折让步式写法和双边讨论写法；对于解释型题目，常用的写法是分析—解决法。
下面分别介绍这四种写法的常用结构。
一、一边倒写法的结构
（一）模板句型
1．开头段
（1）开头段介绍背景。
1） In the past 5 years there has been a sudden（dramatic/sharp）rise（increase）
in the crime rate（divorce rate） .
在过去的5年里，犯罪率（离婚率）急剧上升。
2） Recently there is a (an) astonishing（increasing/sizable/significant）proportion
（percentage/population/number）of teenagers（adults）who_____________________________________.
最近，有很大一部分青少年（成年人） ，他们__________________________________________________。
3） In contemporary society,___________________________________is advancing at an unprecedented
rate in a multitude of arenas.
在当代社会，__________________________正在以前所未有的速度在很多领域向前发展。
4）______________________is（are） so important in our society that it（they）undeniably
becomes（ become） the biggest concern of the present-day world.
__________________________在我们的社会中是如此的重要，以至于他们不可避免地受到当
今世界最大的关注。
5） Now people in growing（ever-increasing/significant）numbers are beginning
（coming/getting）to believe（realise/recognise/understand/accept/see/be
aware）that_________________________________.
现在，越来越多的人开始意识到__________________________。
6） Currently（In recent years/In the past few years/For many years） , there is（has
been）a general（widespread/growing）feeling（concern/attitude/awareness）
that___________________________________.
近年来，有一种日益普遍的感觉（想法/态度/意识） ，那就是__________________________________。
7） There is a general（much/public）discussion（debate/controversy）today
（nowadays）on（ about/over/as to）the topic of_______________________________________.
如今，关于____________________________的话题有普遍（很多/公开）的讨论（争议） 。
8） In recent years,________________________is becoming increasingly popular/prevalent at
an amazing rate.
最近几年，__________________________以一个惊人的速度越来越流行。
9） With the development（improvement/rise/growth）of __________________________，
__________________________is increasingly important.
随着的_______________________发展（提高/增长） ，_____________________越来越重要。
10） As one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century,_________________________________
has a wide application in all aspects of our lives.
作为20世纪最重要的发明之一，________________________在我们生活的所有方面都有广
泛的应用。
11） With the incidence of____________________________hovering at high levels, many have
become disturbed and alarmed.
_____________________________的发生率居高不下，这引起了很多人的困扰和警觉。
12）In our time and age, much debate has taken place about whether___________________________________.
目前，关于_____________________________发生了很多争论。
13）Recently whether________________________has triggered a heated discussion.
近年来，是否_________________________引起了激烈的讨论。
（2）开头段表明观点。
1) 直接提出观点。
① As far as I am concerned,_______________________________.
在我看来，__________________________________。
②As for me,__________________________________.
在我看来，_______________________。
③In my opinion,_______________________________.
在我看来，___________________________。
④ For my part,_______________________________.
在我看来，______________________________。
⑤From my point of view,___________________.
在我看来，__________________________。
⑥ From my own perspective,______________________.
在我看来，_______________________________。
⑦ I would point out that__________________________.
我要指出的是，____________________________。
⑧ Speaking for myself,________________________.
在我看来，_____________________________。
2）评价引用观点（说自己同意该观点） 。
① I would go along with this point of view.
我同意这个观点。
② I would agree with this point of view.
我同意这个观点。
③ As far as I am concerned, this proposal seems both sound and well-grounded.
在我看来，这个提议似乎既合理又有根据。
④ As for me, I can share this point of view.
在我看来，我同意这个观点。
⑤ I totally agree with this statement, and I will explain why this is the case.
我完全同意上述观点，我愿意解释为什么。
⑥ To be frank, I agree with their opinion for the reasons below.
坦率地说，我同意他们的意见，原因如下。
⑦ From my own perspective, I give my full support to the idea.
在我看来，我完全支持这个观点。
3）评价引用观点（说自己不同意该观点） 。
① I am against this point of view.
我不同意这个观点。
② I disapprove of this point of view.
我不同意这个观点。
③ I am opposed to this point of view.
我反对这个观点。
④ As far as I am concerned, however, this point of view seems a bit absurd and ridiculous.
然而，在我看来，这个观点似乎有点儿荒谬可笑。
⑤ A scrutiny of these arguments would reveal how fallacious they are.
详细审查这些论点将会揭示出它们是多么的荒谬。
⑥ Again, I would state my objection to this issue after analysing the following
three reasons.
在分析下面三个原因后，我明确地说反对此观点。
⑦ However, I do not think that this view can hold water.
但是，我认为这个观点站不住脚。
⑧ Carefully weighing in the mind, we can easily find how fallacious they are.
仔细考虑之后，我们极易发现它们是不合理的。
4）题目中有两个对立的观点，说自己同意前（后）一个观点。
① Personally, I am in favour of the former（latter）point of view.
我个人更喜欢前（后）者的观点。
② Speaking for myself , I could not agree more to/with the former（latter）opinion.
在我看来，我非常同意前（后）面的观点。
③ For my part, I absolutely/wholeheartedly/totally/completely agree with/
approve of/consent to/am for/share/side with the former（latter）point of view.
在我看来，我完全同意前（后）一个观点。
④ For my part, I would go along with the former（latter）point of view.
在我看来，我赞同前（后）面的观点。
（3）开头段引起下文。
1）The reasons are presented below.
原因如下。
2）There are many reasons supporting my view.
有很多原因支持我的观点。
3）There are no less than three reasons as rendered below.
有不少于三个原因，如下所述。
4）I support this with the following reasons.
我支持它的原因如下。
5）A number of causes account for my point.
大量的原因说明了我的观点。
6）The reasons are chiefly as follows.
原因主要有以下几个方面。
7）My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
我赞成这个观点的论据如下。
8）There are three premier causes as follows.
有下面三个主要原因。
2. 理由段
（1）第一个理由段的主题句。
1）In the first place,_________________________.
首先，_________________________________。
2）To begin with,______________________________.
第一，_________________________________。
3）First and foremost,_____________________.
第一点也是最重要的一点是，_______________________。
4）On the one hand,____________________________________.
一方面，____________________________________。
5）For one thing,_____________________________.
一方面，___________________________。
6）The first and most important reason is that______________________________.
第一个也是最重要的原因是____________________。
7）The main cause for my propensity is that______________________.
我这种倾向的主要原因是__________________________。
8）The main reason is that____________________________.
主要原因是_____________________________。
9）The most important factor is that______________________________.
最重要的因素是___________________________________。
10）One of the most important reasons is that__________________________.
最重要的原因之一是_________________________。
11）One of the primary causes is that__________________________.
一个主要的原因是_____________________________________。
12）My first cause for this is that_______________________________.
对此，我的第一个理由是______________________________________。
13）One of the most attractive reasons is that__________________________________.
最吸引人的原因之一是______________________________。
（2）第二个理由段的主题句。
1）In the second place,____________________________________.
第二，____________________________________________。
2）Furthermore,___________________________________.
此外，________________________________________。
3）Next,____________________________________.
其次，__________________________________。
4）Besides,____________________________________.
此外，________________________________________。
5）For another,_______________________________________.
另一方面，_________________________________________。
6）What is more,__________________________________.
而且，_________________________________。
7）The second reason for my propensity is that_____________________________.
我这种倾向的第二个原因是________________________________________。
8）The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that_________________________.
必须考虑的第二个因素是__________________________________________。
9）A further reason why I prefer the argument is that_____________________________.
我倾向这个观点的一个更进一步的原因是__________________________。
10）Another benefit is that___________________________________.
另一个好处是_____________________________。
11）On the other hand,_____________________________________.
另一方面，_________________________________________。
（3）第三个理由段的主题句。
1）Most important,__________________________________.
最重要的是，_____________________________。
2）Last but not least,____________________________.
最后但同样重要的是，_______________________________。
3）Finally,_________________________________________.
最后，_______________________________________。
4）Thirdly,______________________.
第三，________________________________________________。
5）The third and very important reason is that_______________________________.
第三个也是非常重要的原因是_____________________________。
6）Finally, the incomparable advantage of this view is that________________________________.
最后，________________________的不能比拟的好处是。
3. 结尾段
1）Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that_____________________.
从数据来判断，我们能够得出的结论是：________________________。
2）Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that_______________________________.
基于上述讨论和分析，我们可以看到__________________________。
3）Given the factors I have just outlined, I can only say that______________________.
通过我给出的因素，我只能说__________________________。
4）From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion
that____________________________.
从上面所讨论的，我们可以最后得出结论：_________________________。
5）After understanding the reasons above, it is quite safe now to say that______________________________.
在了解上面的原因后，现在可以很安全地说_____________________。
6）Now, after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that___________________________.
现在，经过仔细考虑后，不难得出这个结论：_________________________。
7）So if we take a careful consideration, it is not difficult to get the conclusion:_________________________.
所以，如果我们认真地考虑一下，不难得出结论：________________。
8）So, based on the above discussion, I agree with the opinion that___________________________.
所以，基于上述讨论，我同意____________________________。
9）Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that_________________________.
考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以合理地得出结论：______________________。
10）Judging from all evidence offered, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that___________________________.
从所提供的证据来看，我们可以合理地得出以下结论：____________________________。
（二）万能框架
上面的模板句型可以排列组合出无数个完整的篇章万能框架，下面我们给出其中的一个，并结合曾经考过的题目向大家展示万能框架的应用。
In contemporary society,_________sometimes conflict with economic advancement. Some people think___________. Superficially, the above opinion sounds reasonable and constructive. However, I strongly disagree with it and the reasons are presented below.
The main cause for my propensity is that_________________.__________________________.
A further reason why I oppose the argument is that_____________. Actually,_____________________. Consequently,___________.
Last but not least,____________________. Meanwhile,_________________. For instance,__________________.
As we have discussed,__________________. But at the same time,________________. .
真题：2011年4月28日考题
——是否应该拆除旧的建筑
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Too much money has been spent in looking after and repairing old buildings; therefore, we should knock down old buildings and build modern ones instead.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考官范文
In contemporary society, old buildings sometimes conflict with economic advancement. Some people suggest they should be knocked down to make way for new ones because people have spent too much money in protecting and maintaining them. Superficially, the above opinion sounds reasonable and constructive. However, I strongly disagree with it and the reasons are presented below.
The main cause for my propensity is that historic buildings are useful for studies. For each period of time, there are its typical architectures. Historic buildings reflect those style and materials that our predecessors used in construction. By studying them, researchers could understand the evolution of not only construction but also society and culture.
A further reason why I oppose the argument is that historic buildings bring advantages of tourism. Actually, when visiting a place, tourists are always attracted by historic places such as museums, palaces, or other famous ancient buildings. They are fascinated by something different from their home country or different from modern daily life. By maintaining and preserving historic buildings, the government can attract many tourists to visit their cities. Consequently, they can benefit much from tourism.
Last but not least, historic buildings are spiritual places. People often go to historic places for ceremony or celebration. They go to these places to thank for what their ancestors did for them, and wish good things for them and their children. Meanwhile, people are usually proud of their well-known historic places. For instance, the French are very proud of their Eiffel Tower, and the Egyptians take great pride in their pyramids.
As we have discussed, old buildings are part of a country’s history and are valuable in many ways. We should plan well and be wise to see their value. But at the same time, we are not advocating indiscriminate treatment to all old buildings, and some do need to be torn down for safety reasons. And we should also do our best to find solutions to make the old buildings and the new ones coexist in harmony.
范文译文
在当代社会，老建筑有时候与经济发展产生冲突。一些人认为由于人们已经花了太多的钱用于保护和维护老建筑，因此应当拆除它们，给新建筑腾地方。表面上看，以上观点很合理，很有建设性。但是，我强烈反对它，原因如下。
我这种倾向的主要原因是历史建筑对研究非常有用。因为每个时期都有其典型的建筑。历史建筑反映了我们的祖先在建筑中使用的风格和材料。通过研究它们，研究人员不仅可以理解建筑的发展史，同时也可以理解社会和文化的演进史。
我反对这个观点更进一步的原因是，历史建筑为旅游业带来了优势。实际上，游客在参观一个地方的时候，总会被诸如博物馆、宫殿等历史遗迹或其他著名的古建筑所吸引。他们会对那些不同于本国的或现代日常生活中的东西着迷。通过维护和保护历史建筑，政府可以吸引很多游客前往他们的城市。因此，他们可以从旅游业中获益。
最后但也同样重要的是，历史建筑属于精神领地。人们经常会去历史遗迹举行仪式或庆祝活动。他们去这些地方，感谢祖先为他们所做的一切，为自己和孩子们祈福。同时，人们通常为他们著名的历史遗迹感到自豪。例如，法国人为他们的埃菲尔铁塔而感到自豪，埃及人因金字塔而感到骄傲。
正如我们所讨论的，老建筑是国家历史的一部分，在许多方面颇有价值。我们应该规划好，明智地看待它们的价值。但与此同时，我们并不是鼓吹不加区别地对待所有的老建筑，有些建筑出于安全原因确实需要被拆除。同时我们也应当尽最大努力找到解决方法，使老建筑和新建筑和谐共存。
二、一波三折让步式写法的结构
（一） 模板句型
一波三折让步式结构的开头段、理由段和结尾段的常用模板句型和一边倒结构的模板句型相同。下面主要介绍让步段的模板句型。该句型有一定难度，为了帮助大家掌握，在句型后给出了相应的例句。
（1）开头段（同一边倒结构的开头段） 。
（2）理由段（同一边倒结构的理由段） 。
（3）让步段。
1）However，it is undeniable that___________in the short term. But in the long run______________.
然而，不可否认的是在短期内__________。但是从长远来看_______________。
例句：However, it is undeniable that this decision will increase the local fiscal revenues in the short term. But in
the long run, charging foreign visitors
more may impede the development of local tourism.
译文：然而，不可否认的是这项决定可以在短期内增加地方财政收入。但从长远来看，
对外国游客收取更高的费用会阻碍当地旅游业的发展。
2） Indeed, A is superior to B in..., but it proves inferior as compared with B in the
following aspects. Firstly,__________. Secondly,________. Thirdly,____________.
确实，A在方面比B优越，但在以下几个方面与B相比，它比较逊色。
第一，__________________。第二，_____________。第三，_______________________。
例句：Indeed, television is superior to newspapers in vividness and quickness, but it
proves inferior as compared with newspapers in many other aspects.
译文：确实，电视在生动性和快捷性方面比报纸优越，但在其他许多方面与报纸相比，
它比较逊色。
3） Indeed, A enjoys a distinct advantage over B in____________________; however it pales
beside B in many aspects.
确实，A在_____________方面比B有着明显的优势，但是在许多方面它
比B逊色。
例句：Indeed, television enjoys a distinct advantage over newspapers in
vividness and quickness; however it pales beside newspapers in many
other aspects.
译文：确实，电视在生动性和快捷性方面比报纸有明显的优势，但在其他许多方面与
报纸相比，它比较逊色。
4） In spite of the fact that A has made a great difference to______________, it proves
trivial when compared with B in some aspects.
尽管事实上A为___________带来了很大的改变，但与B在某些方面相
比，它微不足道。
例句：In spite of the fact that the revolution in industry has made a great
difference to the way people live, it proves trivial when compared with the
revolution in information in some aspect.
译文：尽管事实上工业革命给人们的生活带来了很大的改变，但与信息革命在某些方
面相比，它微不足道。
5）Although few things can outweigh A in______________, its demerits stand out
against B.
尽管很少有东西在____________方面能胜过A，但其弊端比B更
加突出。
例句：Although few things can outweigh the intellectual education in tapping
mental resources, its demerits stand out against the moral education.
译文：尽管很少有东西能在开发人脑资源方面胜过“智力教育” ，但其弊端比道德教
育更加突出。
6）It is obvious that B cannot compete with A in________________, but B still possesses
substantial advantages over A.
很明显，B不能在_______________方面与A媲美，但B仍比A有着巨大的优势。
例句：It is obvious that radio cannot compete with television in vividness, but it
still possesses substantial advantages over television.
译文：很明显，收音机在视觉方面不能与电视媲美，但它仍比电视有巨大的优势。
（4）结尾段（同一边倒结构的结尾段） 。
（二） 万能框架
Nowadays, some youngsters continue to_______________instead of____________ if conditions permit. However, in my opinion,________________would offer more advant ages for their growth in various aspects.
To begin with___________,help the youth become more independent._____________________.
In addition,is an effective way for students to develop their social skills.___________________._________________________.
There is no denying that_______________._________________. However,____________________. So,________________.
In conclusion, I believe that________________. Therefore_____________________.
真题：2012年7月12日考题
——上大学期间离开家是否要比和父母同住更好
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
It is better for students to live away from home while studying at university than living with parents.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考官范文
Nowadays, some youngsters continue to live with their parents since their enrollment in a college instead of living in the dormitory if conditions permit. However, in my opinion, living on campus would offer more advantages for their growth in various aspects.
To begin with, living away from home help the youth become more independent. Nowadays, many children are spoilt by their parents and being away from their families enables them to learn how to deal with problems in their life, such as time managing, learning effectively, and budgeting reasonably, etc. Independence is an important factor required for students to succeed in academic research and adapt to the competitive world in the future.
In addition, living in university is an effective way for students to develop their social skills. Some students are self-centred and only care about their own feelings before they attend college. However, when they share a room with other students coming from various backgrounds, they learn how to coexist with other people, how to cooperate and how to solve a dispute. The dormitory is a community where young people become mature very fast.
There is no denying that living at home brings students comfort and convenience, for they can enjoy the care and attention from their parents. They can always turn to their parents for help whenever they are in difficulty. However, relying on parents for a longer time certainly reduces the chances of interacting with peers, which is detrimental to their social skill development. So, young adults should be encouraged to live with people of their own age and experience the world.
In conclusion, I believe that growing-up means not only being an adult but also being an independent, sociable and responsible person. Therefore living away from parents is better for university students to enjoy their life and development in many aspects.
范文译文
现在，在条件允许的情况下，一些年轻人上大学后会继续与父母住在一起，而不是住在宿舍。然而，在我看来，住在校园里会对他们各方面的成长更加有利。
首先，离开家里有助于年轻人变得更加独立。如今，许多孩子都被他们的父母宠坏了，远离家人能使他们学习如何处理生活中的问题，如时间管理、有效地学习和合理地预算等。独立性对于学生在学术研究和将来适应未来世界的竞争方面是一个重要的因素。
此外，住在大学里是学生发展社交技巧的一种有效方式。有些学生在上大学以前以自我为中心，只在乎自己的感受。然而，当他们与其他来自不同背景的学生共用一个房间时，他们学会了如何与他人共处，如何合作以及如何解决争执。宿舍是一个社会，在那里年轻人很快变得成熟了。
无可否认，住在家里既舒适又方便，因为他们可以享受父母的照顾和关怀。无论什么时候他们有困难，他们总能求助于父母。然而，长期依赖父母必然会减少与同龄人交往的机会，这不利于他们社交技能的发展。所以，应该鼓励年轻人与他们的同龄人一起生活，体验世界。
总之，我相信成长不仅意味着长大成人，而且意味着要成为一个独立的、善交际的和负责任的人。因此，远离父母生活更有利于大学生享受他们的生活和各方面的发展。
三、双边讨论写法的结构
如果辩论型题目是给你两种对立的观点，请你讨论这两种观点并表明自己的立场；或要求讨论某件事情的优缺点，即题目的提问方式是：• Discuss both views and give your own opinion. • Do you think it is a positive or negative development? • Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages? 这种题目最适合用双边讨论写法，即双边讨论写法尤其适合辩论型题目中“分析双方观点”和“利弊比较”的文章。这种写法的优点在于两面论述，照顾周全。又因为可以从优点和缺点、积极和消极等正反两方面去写，所以理由比较好找。辩论型题目双边讨论写法的结构是：
（一）模板句型
1. 开头段
（1）开头段介绍背景（同一边倒结构的开头段介绍背景） 。
（2）开头段介绍双方观点。
1）Some people hold the opinion that_____________. But others argue that___________________________.
一些人的观点是________________。但是另一些人认为____________________。
2）Some people hold the opinion that____________. But towards the same issue,
many others argue that_____________________.
一些人的观点是____________________。但对于同样的问题，很多其他的人认为______________________。
3）Some people hold the opinion that_______________. But other people stand on a
very different ground. They argue that________________________.
一些人的观点是___________。但是另一些人的立场完全不同。他们认为_________________。
4）Some people hold the opinion that_____________. But there are also quite a few people
who argue that____________________.
一些人的观点是____________。但是还有相当一部分人认为________________。
5）Some people hold the opinion that_____________. But there are also quite a few
people who are strongly opposed to their opinion.
一些人的观点是_____________。但是还有相当一部分人完全反对他们的观点。
6）Some people hold the opinion that________. But some other people
strongly despise the above attitude.
一些人的观点是___________________。但是另一些人强烈反对前面的态度。
注：
① 句型中的some还可以用下面的词替换：many，most，a majority of，quite a few，
a sizable percentage of。
② 句型中的hold the opinion和argue还可以用下面的词替换：assert，contend，
argue，hold，insist，maintain，claim，suggest，think，believe，proclaim，
advocate，hold the view，are confident，are of the opinion，have the idea，
point out，take the view。
③ 句型中的but还可以用下面的词替换：while，but，whereas，however，
nevertheless，on the other hand。
（3）开头段引起下文。
1）Undeniably, there are points in both sides of the argument.
不可否认，争议的双方都有道理。
2）Both sides of the question are well supported by sound reasons.
双方观点都有充足的证据。
3）It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.
人们对这个问题的观点不同，这是可以理解的。
4）People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.
人们很少会在这样一个有争议的问题上达成绝对的一致。
5） It is quite natural that people seldom reach a total agreement on such a longrunning controversy.
人们对这样一个长期有争议的问题不能达成一致，这是很自然的。
6） Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the argument on both sides.
在给出我的观点之前，我认为看一看问题的两面是很重要的。
2. 第二段
（1）第二段主题句（一方观点） 。
1）People who support that__________________give some of the following reasons.
支持____________的人给出以下原因。
2）Those who favour that____________give their reasons as follows.
赞成______________的人给出了如下的原因。
3）People, who advocate that______________, have their sound reasons.
赞成_____________的人有他们充足的理由。
4）Those people who believe that_____________have cogent reasons for it.
赞成__________的人有强有力的理由。
（2）第二段理由句。
1）First,_______. Second,__________. Third,___________. Last,______________.
第一，_________。第二，______________。第三，___________。最后，______________。
2）Firstly,___________. Secondly,___________. Thirdly,________. Finally,_____________.
第一，______________。第二，___________。第三，________。最后，__________________。
3） In the first place,___________. In the second place,_____________. In the third
place,________________. Lastly,_____________________.
第一，_________。第二，__________。第三，___________。最后，_______________。
4） To begin with,_______________. Then,_____________. Furthermore,____________________. Finally,__________________.
首先，_____________。其次，_____________。此外，___________。最后，_____________。
5） To start with,_________________. Next,_____________. In addition,______________________.
Finally,.
首先，______________。其次，____________。此外，___________。最后，_____________。
6）First and foremost,___________. Besides,____________. Last but not least,__________________.
首先最重要的是，______________。其次，______________。最后但同样重要的是，_____________。
7）Most important of all,_________________. Moreover,_______________. Finally,__________________.
最重要的是，______________。其次，____________。最后，_______________。
8） On the one hand,______________. On the other hand,________________.（ 适用于两点的情况）
一方面，_______________。另一方面，________________。
9）For one thing，___________. For another thing，_____________________.（适用于两点的情况）
一方面，________________________。另一方面，_____________________。
3. 第三段
（1）第三段主题句（另一方观点） 。
1） But other people set forth a totally different argument about this case. They
contend that____________________________.
但其他人对此提出了一个完全不同的观点。他们认为_______________________。
2） To this issue, some other people hold a different attitude, arguing that
____________________.
对于这个问题，另外一些人持有不同的看法， 他们认为_____________________。
3）How ever, the other side of the coin voices its strong opposition, saying that
_______________________________.
然而，另外一些人发出反对的声音，他们说___________________。
4）How ever, there are also some others who contend that_______________________________.
然而，也有一些人主张_________________________________。
5）How ever, further analysis would make it clear that___________________________.
然而，进一步的分析使下面的观点更加清楚：_____________________________________。
6）Other people’s opinion is just the opposite. They strongly believe that___________________________________.
其他人的观点正好相反，他们强烈认为________________________。（
2）第三段理由句。
句型见“第二段理由句”。
4. 结尾段
（1）结尾段第一句。
1） It is quite understandable that people from different backgrounds give different
interpretations of the same issue.
来自不同背景的人对于同样的问题有不同看法，这是可以理解的。
2）Admittedly, there are merits to both arguments.
无可否认，两种论点都有自己的优点。
3）There is probably a little bit of truth in both arguments.
两种观点都有一点儿道理。
4） Both sides above make sense, and consequently it is hard to come to an absolute
conclusion.
上面两个观点都有道理，因此很难得出绝对的结论。
5） Both sides make sense. Therefore it is really hard for me to draw a definite
conclusion.
双方都很有道理，因此我很难得出一个明确的结论。
6）Admittedly, both sides are reasonable. But they are one-sided.
无可否认，双方都有道理，但都很片面。
7）To sum up, we cannot deny that both sides are well-grounded.
总之，无可否认，双方都有充分的根据。
8） From what has been mentioned above, we may see that there is some truth in
both arguments.
从以上的论述中，我们可以看到双方的论述都有些道理。
（2）结尾段第二句（观点句） 。
1）As far as I am concerned, I stand on the latter opinion that在
我看来，我同意后面的观点____________________。
2）For my part, I firmly commit to the notion that____________________.
就我来说，我坚定地认为_________________。
3）With views of both sides considered, I think that_________________.
考虑双方的观点后，我认为__________________。
4）Personally, I side with the latter opinion that____________________.
我个人更支持后一种观点，那就是_____________________。
5）From my point of view, I support that__________________.
就我来说，我支持________________。
6）As I see it, I am in favour of the latter point of view that_________________.
在我看来，我赞成后面的观点，那就是_________________。
7）From my own perspective,_______________________.
在我看来，___________________________。
8）Speaking for myself,__________________________.
在我看来，________________。
（二）万能框架
双边讨论写法在考试中的应用最广泛，上面的模板句型可以排列组合出无数个万能框架，下面给出4个双边讨论结构的框架，供考生参考。
框架1
Recently whether_______________has triggered a heated discussion. Some people hold the opinion that__________________. But there are also quite a few people who argue that_____________. Undeniably, there are points in both sides of the argument.
Those who favour that______________give their reasons as follows. To begin with______________. Then______________. Furthermore__________________.
However,the other side of the coin voices its strong opposition, saying that_____________. First and foremost,_____________. Besides,_______________. Last but not least,____________.
From what has been mentioned above, we may see that there is some truth in both arguments. As far as I am concerned, I completely stand on the latter opinion that____________________.
框架2
In our time and age, much debate has taken place about whether________________. A majority of people hold the view that_____________, while others are of the opinion that___________. It is quite natural that people seldom reach a total agreement on such a long-running controversy.
Those people who believe that_________have cogent reasons for it. Most important of all,__________. Moreover,________________. Finally,______________.
To this issue, some other people hold a different attitude, arguing that_____________. To begin with,_______________. Next,_____________. Moreover,______________.
Admittedly, there are merits to both arguments. As I see it, I am in favour of the latter point of view that....
框架3
With the incidence of_____________hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed. A sizable percentage of people have the opinion that____________________.
However, towards the same issue, many others argue that________________. Undeniably, thereare points in both sides of the argument.
Those people who suggest that_______________have cogent reasons for it. To start with,_________________. Next,_________________. In addition,______________________.
To this issue, some other people hold a different attitude, arguing that_______________________________. Most important of all,________________. Moreover,________________. Finally,________________________.
To sum up, we cannot deny that both sides are well-grounded. From my own perspective, I stand on the former opinion that.
框架4
Nowadays,most people, especially the youngsters, may find themselves at a loss___________. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the merits and demerits of this phenomenon. _______
___________, have many obvious advantages. To begin with,______________________. In addition,______________. Finally,__________________.
Despite all these benefits, we should not neglect the drawbacks of______________________. Firstly,_______________. Besides,__________________. Finally,__________________. For instance,___________________.
In conclusion,___________________. However,_________.___________________. So, I would claim that the advantages of_________________still carry more weight than their disadvantages.
真题：2012年8月9日考题
——手机和网络的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Nowadays, mobile phones and the Internet have become increasingly important in people’s social life.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of them?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考官范文
Nowadays, most people, especially the youngsters, may find themselves at a loss when their cell phones are not with them or when they are stopped from surfing the Internet. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the merits and demerits of this phenomenon.
Modern technologies, such as mobile phones and the Internet, have many obvious advantages. To begin with, the Internet enlarges our circle of friends, as there are so many social network sites. In the past, we could only socialise with people in the same school or company, but now we can easily communicate with friends thousands of miles away, which has enriched our life and provided us with more access to information. In addition, compared with the old way of going to the post office or visiting people in person, emails and mobile phones enable us to keep in touch with our business partners and friends more conveniently and efficiently. Finally, as the new types of mobile phones and computers become cheaper and more popular, most people prefer to use them to share documents, exchange music files, send voice messages and take photos, etc.
Despite all these benefits, we should not neglect the drawbacks of the new technologies. Firstly, the heavy dependence on the mobile phones and the Internet, may to some extent, result in excessive exposure to radiation and the lack of face-to-face communication, which are harmful to people’s physical and mental health. Besides, some people, particularly teenagers, are addicted to making friends on the Internet, but they are too young to identify false information and fake identities. So they tend to get deceived when chatting with strangers on the Internet. Finally, as far as mobile phones are concerned, they can also become annoying in some circumstances. For instance, we are often bothered by some people who use mobile phones in conference rooms or in classes.
In conclusion, the disadvantages do exist when people are too dependent on these modern ways of communication. However, the original purpose of the mobile phones and the Internet is to provide convenience for people to get in touch with each other and to save time for them to fulfill their daily tasks. In this sense, it is our habits in using them that are to blame rather than the modern technologies, if there are some negative influences. So, I would claim that the advantages of mobile phones and the Internet still carry more weight than their disadvantages.
范文译文
如今，大多数人，尤其是年轻人，如果没带手机或者不让他们上网，他们就会不知所措。在给出我的观点之前，我认为看一看这种现象的优点和缺点是很重要的。
现代技术，如移动电话和互联网，有许多明显的优点。首先，互联网扩大了我们的朋友圈，因为有如此多的社交网站。在过去，我们只能与同一个学校或公司的人交往，但现在我们可以很容易地与数千英里之外的朋友交流，这丰富了我们的生活，为我们提供了更多获取信息的机会。此外，和去邮局（寄信）或亲自拜访别人这些旧的方式相比，电子邮件和移动电话使我们与商业伙伴和朋友的联系更加方便高效。最后，由于新型的移动电话和电脑变得更便宜、更流行，大多数人喜欢利用它们来分享文件、交换音乐、发送语音信息以及拍摄照片，等等。
尽管有这些好处，我们也不应忽视新技术的缺点。首先，过度依赖移动电话和互联网可能会在一定程度上导致受到的辐射太多，并且缺乏面对面的沟通，这对于人们的身体和精神健康是有害的。此外，有些人，尤其是青少年，沉迷于网上交友，但是他们太年轻，无法识别虚假信息和伪造的身份。所以他们在互联网上与陌生人聊天时往往会受骗。最后，就手机而言，它们在某些情况下也会变得令人烦恼。例如，在会议室或教室，由于一些人使用手机，我们经常会受到烦扰。
总之，如果人们过于依赖这些现代通信方式，弊端确实会存在。然而，移动电话和互联网的初衷是方便人们与他人取得联系，使他们在完成日常工作时节约时间。从这个意义上来讲，如果有什么负面影响，那也应该归咎于我们的使用习惯，而不应该归咎于现代技术。所以，我认为手机和互联网的优点仍然比它们的缺点要多。
四、分析—解决法的结构
解释型题目就是提出一个现在比较热门的问题，让你谈谈原因和解决方案。这类题目的主要特点是：考生不需要提供自己的观点，因为往往题目是一种社会现象，考生只需进行分析和提出建议就可以了。这类试题最适合用分析—解决法来写。
分析—解决法的结构是：
（一）模板句型
1. 开头段
（1）开头段介绍背景（同一边倒结构的开头段介绍背景） 。
（2）开头段引起下文。
1） In this essay, I will analyse some possible causes of this phenomenon and then propose some solutions.
在这篇文章里，我会分析出现这种现象的一些可能的原因，然后再提出一些解决办法。
2） What factors lead to this phenomenon and what we can do to solve the problem have become a concern to many people.
什么因素导致了这个现象以及我们怎么做来解决这个问题已经成为很多人的关注。
3） It is crucial that we analyse the causes of this disturbing issue and explore the effective solutions.
分析出现这个问题的原因并且找到有效的解决办法，是重要的。
4） Hence, it is imperative that we pinpoint the causes of this disturbing phenomenon.
因此，我们找出导致这个令人困扰的现象的原因是很必要的。
2. 分析原因
1）The following reasons should be taken into consideration.
应该考虑下列原因。
2）The following factors need to be taken into consideration.
下列因素必须被考虑。
3）There are several reasons for this phenomenon.
这种现象的出现有好几个原因。
4）The causes may be inner and outer influence.
原因可能是内部的和外部的影响。
5）The causes of this phenomenon are manifold.
这个现象的原因是多方面的。
3. 提出解决办法
1） Although it is affected by many factors, still there are certain ways that can make
the situation better. The most important is_____________. Another
way is__________________. Still another one is___________________________.
虽然它受许多因素的影响，但仍有许多方法可以使形势好转。最重要的是
________。 另一种方法是______________。还有另外一种方法
是_____________________。
2） On the whole, it is high time that we recognised the significance of_____________________.
The most effective means to solve this problem is that___________________. In
that case,___________________.
从总体上看，现在是我们认识到______________的重要性的时候了。解决这
个问题最有效的方式是_______________。在这种情况下，_____________________。
3）As a result, we should take some effective methods to____________________.
因此，我们应当采取一些有效的方法________________________。
4）It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation.
至关重要的是应该采取有效的行动来结束这种状况。
5）It is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of_________________.
毋庸置疑的是，应当给予_______________问题特别的关注。
6） If we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some
undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is
_________________.
如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能无法控制这种趋势，可能会出现一些意想不
到的不良后果，所以我们应该做的是____________________。
7）For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that_____________________.
基于以上原因，我强烈建议_________________________。
8）Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that____________________.
鉴于刚才我所概述的因素，我相信_______________。
9）Regarding these reasons, I think there are some ways to deal with the problem.
考虑到这些原因，我认为有好些途径来解决这个问题。
10） Considering the severity of this issue, we have no choice but to take stringent
measures to address this problem.
考虑到问题的严重性，我们只有采取严厉的措施来解决这个问题。
11）We should take effective measures to solve the problem.
我们应该采取有效的措施来解决这个问题。
12）It is crucial that we take vigorous measures to tackle these problems.
我们采取有力的措施来解决这些问题是很重要的。
4. 结尾段
1） To conclude, several factors contribute to_______________. I am convinced
that we should take measures including__________________,______________________
and__________________ to solve this disturbing problem.
总之，好几个因素导致_____________了。我认为，我们应该采取措施，包括
_______________，___________________和____________________来解决这个令人烦恼的问题。
2） In summary, there are many reasons which result in this unpleasant phenomenon
and effective measures should be taken as soon as possible to cope with this situation.
总之，很多原因导致了这个令人不悦的现象。应该尽快采取有效的措施来应对这种局面。
3） In short, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and I believe with the
joint efforts from individuals and the government, it can be eventually resolved.
总之，这个令人烦恼的问题来自很多因素。我认为，通过个人和政府的共同努力，
它最终会被解决。
4） Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that there are many
factors which lead to this severe situation and we should take stringent measures
including__________，__________________and______________
to address this problem.
基于上述讨论和分析，我们可以看到，很多因素导致了这一严峻的状况，我们应
该采取严厉的措施，包括_____________，_________________和__________________来解
决这个问题。
（二）万能框架
There is no doubt that_____has become a huge problem. What factors lead to this phenomenon and what we can do to solve the problem have become a concern to many people.
I think various reasons may lead to the high volumes of road traffic. To start with______, _________. On top of this,___________. Furthermore,__________________.
To tackle the problem of increasing traffic, every possible solution should be tried. To start with,. For example,__________.______________. Moreover,_________. Finally,_____________.
To sum up, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and I believe with the joint efforts from individuals and the government, it can be eventually resolved. That is to say,__________________.
真题：2012年7月21日考题
——城市交通量大的原因和解决办法
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic：
In most cities and towns, the high volumes of road traffic have become a problem.
What are the causes and what actions could be taken to solve the problem?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考官范文
There is no doubt that the dramatic development of road traffic has become a huge problem, both in cities and on motorways everywhere. What factors lead to this phenomenon and what we can do to solve the problem have become a concern to many people.
I think various reasons may lead to the high volumes of road traffic. To start with, as a result of the development of the automobile industry, cars have become affordable to ordinary people, whose income has also grown significantly in recent years. On top of this, in many modern cities, a considerable percent of young people need to travel to work on weekdays and spend weekends in the countryside, so cars have become necessities for them. Furthermore, the policy of developing economy should also be responsible for some urban issues including traffic congestion. In order to stimulate domestic consumption, the public are encouraged to own their private cars, but in metropolises with dense population, such policy definitely leads to more vehicles on roads.
To tackle the problem of increasing traffic, every possible solution should be tried. To start with, the government is obliged to improve the choice of pubic transport services available to travellers. For example, if sufficient suburban railway and underground railway were built and effectively maintained, then traffic on the roads would be significantly reduced. The larger capacity of public vehicles compared with private cars can effectively ease the traffic pressure on city roads. Moreover, more scientific researches about traffic management should be conducted, which could then help to create a more orderly and smooth traffic flow. Finally, there are also some other measures that could be implemented to help to solve this problem, such as charging a high parking fee, more expensive petrol or restrictions on driving days.
To sum up, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and I believe with the joint efforts from individuals and the government, it can be eventually resolved. That is to say, the improvement of road traffic would depend on the determination and action of the government and it also requires the higher awareness of the public.
范文译文
毫无疑问的是，道路交通量急剧增加已成为一个很大的问题，无论是在城市还是各个地方的高速公路都是如此。什么因素导致了这个现象以及我们如何来解决这个问题已经成为很多人关心的事。
我认为导致道路交通量增加的原因可能有很多。首先，由于汽车工业的发展，汽车已成为普通人都能买得起的东西，人们的收入在最近几年大大增加了。除此之外，在许多现代城市，大部分年轻人平日里要出去上班，周末则要在乡村度过，因此汽车已成为他们的必需品。而且，促进经济发展的政策也要对交通拥堵等城市问题负责。为了刺激国内消费，公众都被鼓励购买自己的私家车，但是在人口密集的大都市，这样的政策必然会导致道路上出现更多车辆。
为了解决日益增长的交通量问题，每一个可能的方案都应该尝试。首先，政府有责任改善公共交通服务，增加人们出行的选择。例如，如果建造并保持足够多的城铁和地铁，那么公路上的交通将大大减少。和私家车相比，大容量的公交车辆能有效缓解城市道路交通的压力。此外，应该进行更多的交通管理方面的研究，这有助于建立一个更加有序、顺畅的交通。最后，还有一些其他的措施可以实施，以帮助解决这一问题，如收取高额的停车费，提高汽油的价格或限制驾驶天数。
总之，这个问题是由很多因素引起的。我认为，通过个人和政府的共同努力，它最终会被解决。也就是说，道路交通的改善取决于政府的决心和行动，同时它也需要公众意识的提高。