四、2010年专四完形填空真题与解析
【真题操练】
PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]
How men first learned to invent words is unknown; (31)______ , the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (32)______to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (33)______they could communicate with each other, and that later they agreed (34)______certain signs, called letters, which could be (35)______ to represent those sounds, and which could be (36)______. Those sounds, whether spoken, (37)______written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then lies in their (38) ______— the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (39)______ with meaning for us by experience; (40)______the longer we live, the more certain words (41)______ to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we (42)______ the more the number of words that mean something to us (43)______.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal (44)______to our minds and emotions. This (45)______ and telling use of words is what we call (46)______ style. Above all, the real poet is a master of (47)______ He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which(48) ______their position and association can (49)______ men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will(50)______our speech or writing silly and vulgar.
31. A. in addition B. in other words C. in a word D. in summary
32. A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements
33. A. such that B. as that C. so that D. in that
34. A. in B. with C. of D. upon
35. A. spelt B. combined C. written D. copied
36. A. written down B. handed down C. remembered D. observed
37. A. and B. yet C. also D. or
38. A. functions B. associations C. roles D. links
39. A. filled B. full C. live D. active
40. A. but B. or C. yet D. and
41. A. reappear B. recall C. remember D. recollect
42. A. read and think B. read and recall C. read and learn D. read and recite
43. A. raises B. increases C. improves D. emerges
44. A. intensively B. extensively C. broadly D. powerfully
45. A. charming B. academic C. conventional D. common
46. A. written B. spoken C. literary D. dramatic
47. A. signs B. words C. style D. sound
48. A. in B. on C. over D. by
49. A. move B. engage C. make D. force
50. A. transform B. change C. make D. convert
【文章大意】
本篇为说明文,从形成、作用和使用三个方面来谈论语言。
第一部分( 1):人类语言的起源仍是一个谜,我们现在只能知晓语言的大致形成过程。
第二部分( 2):语言可以引发我们的联想,并且会随着人的阅历的增长而丰富起来。
第三部分( 3):不同的人会有不同的运用词语的方式,因此我们在选词用字上要小心而准确,否则我们的谈吐或行文就会空洞无缺、粗俗不堪。
【答案详解】
31. B 逻辑关系判断。【解析】 “in addition”:此外; “in other words”:换句话说,也就是说; “in a word”:总之; “in summary”:概括说来。空白处前一句意为“我们尚不清楚人类最初是怎么学习创造语言的”,后一句意为“语言的起源是个谜”。很明显,后一句是对前一句的同义解释,是在换句话说,故选 B。
32. A 逻辑关系判断。【解析】 “sound”:声音; “gesture”:姿势; “sign”:符号;“movement”:动作。根据空白处的后几句“ …to represent those sounds…Those sounds, whether spoken…”(来代表那些声音……那些声音,不管是否通过口头表达出来……)可知, “those sounds”就是指本题的内容,故选 A。
33. C 逻辑关系判断。【解析】 “so that”:为了(引导目的状语从句);“such that”:如此……以致(引导结果状语从句);“in that”:因为,由于(引导原因状语从句)。根据逻辑关系可知,交流( communication)是发出声音的“目的”,故选 C。
34. D 固定词组搭配。【解析】 “agree upon/on”:在……上达成共识,对……意见一致; “agree with sb.”:同意某人; “agree to do sth.”:同意做某事; “agree in”:在某一方面同意。这里句意是指人们统一了某些特定的符号,故选 D。
35. B 动词词义辨析。【解析】 “combined”:组合在一起的; “spelt”:被拼写出的; “written”:书面的;被书写出的; “copied”:被复制出的。这里文章想表达的意思是:字母能被组合起来代表各种声音。故选 B。
36. A 上下文判断。【解析】 “written down”:被写下来; “handed down”:被传下来;“remembered”:被记住; “observed”:被观察。根据句意和常识可知,文字即可代表声音,又能被记录下来,且又由后文 “Those sounds…written in letters”中的“written”可确定本空白处应填“ written down”,故选 A。
37. D 固定结构搭配。【解析】 “whether…or…”:无论……还是……,故选 D。
38. B 名词词义辨析。【解析】 “association”:联想,联系; “function”:功能;“role”:角色; “link”:联系,关联。根据空白处破折号后的句子“ the things they bring up before our minds.”(它们能使我们想到的事物。)可知,空白处的单词应该是“联想”的意思,故选 B。
39. A 固定词组搭配。【解析】 “be filled with”:充满; “full”:充满( + of,即 be full of);“live”:现场的;“active”:积极的;活泼的。根据上下文可推测,本句意为:随着我们经历的丰富,词语变得充满含义。故选 A。
40. D 逻辑关系判断。【解析】 “but”表示转折关系; “or”表示选择关系; “yet”表示转折关系; “and”表示顺承关系。该题空白处的分号表明前后两句所要传达的意思是符合一致的。前一句意为“词语随着我们经历的丰富而变得充满含义”,后一句意为“我们年龄越大,就有越多的词语唤起我们对快乐和悲伤往事的回忆”,由于这两句是顺承关系,故选 D。
41. B 动词词义辨析。【解析】 “reappear”:再次出现,再次发生; “recall”:回忆起,回想起(主语可以是人也可以是物);“remember”:记住,记起(主语一般为人);“recollect”:忆起(主语一般为人)。根据文中的“ the happy and sad events of our past”(我们过去的快乐和伤悲)可知,空白处的词应为“回忆”之意,而且其主语是“ certain words”,故选 B。
42. C 上下文判断。【解析】本段的主旨是“越来越丰富的人生经历会增加词语的意义”。通过观察四个选项,可以发现都有“ read”,因为阅读是丰富人生经历的一种方式。根据常识,比较“ think”(思考)、“recall”(回忆)、“learn”(学习)、“recite”(背诵)四种方式可知,光靠思考、回忆,词语的意思是不会增加的,“背诵”这种途径比较狭窄,而“学习”可被视为丰富人生经历的另一种方式,且“ read and learn”也是常用固定搭配,故选 C。
43. B动词词义辨析。【解析】 “raise”:升起,提高; “increase”:增加; “improve”:提高,改善; “emerge”:出现,浮现。根据上下文的“ the more…the more…”(越……越……)的结构可知,空白处的词语应该表达“增加”的意思,故选 B。
44. D 副词词义辨析。【解析】 “intensively”:集中地,彻底地; “extensively”:广泛地; “broadly”:一般地,大体地; “powerfully”:强大地,很有效地。空白处所在句子要表达的意思为:伟大的作家不仅有着伟大的思想,同时也能将这些思想用语言表达出来,引起我们思想和情感上的强烈共鸣。故选 D。
45. A 形容词词义辨析。【解析】 “charming”:富有魅力的; “academic”:学术的; “conventional”:传统的,惯例的; “common”:普通的。根据“ this…use”可知,空白处的词语应与 telling(有说服力的)一样是用来形容上文提到的伟人的话。只有“ charming”合适,故选 A。
46. C 固定词组搭配。【解析】 “style”:风格; “literary style”:文风,文体。若选项 A、B与“ style”搭配,应为“ style of writing”(写作风格)和“ style of speaking”(说话风格);“dramatic”(戏剧性的)、“dramatic style”(戏剧风格)与文章内容偏离,故选 C。
47. B 上下文判断。【解析】无论从全文还是从本段主旨来看,都是围绕词语(words)的运用展开的。本句意为:真正的诗人应该是运用词语的大师。故选 B。
48. D 介词词义辨析。【解析】 “by”:通过……的方式,借由; “in”:在……里;由于; “on”:在……上;关于; “over”:在……上空;就……来说。本句意为:词语令人感动是通过其使用的位置和引起的联想而实现的。故选 D。
49. A 固定词组搭配。【解析】 “move sb. to tears”:使某人感动得流泪,故选 A。
50. C 固定结构搭配。【解析】 “make +宾语 + adj.”:使得……怎么样。其他三个动词均没有这种用法。 “transform”:改变,使改观; “change”:改变,固定用法为“ change sth. into”;“convert”:使转化,使皈依。故选 C。