Lesson 4 辅音/p/-/b/ /t/-/d/ /k/-/g/ /f/-/v/

1．辅音 /p/-/b/

（1）原音影视*学发音

（2）国际音标*对对碰

（3）总统演讲*练语调

★/p/

For many of you, these challenges are also felt in more personal terms. Perhaps you're still looking for a job. You're struggling to figure out what career path makes sense in this disrupted economy. Maybe you've got student loans—no, you definitely have student loans. Or credit card debts. And you're wondering how you'll ever pay them off. Maybe you've got a family to raise. And you are wondering how you'll ensure that your children have the same opportunities you've had to get an education and pursue their dreams.

对于你们大多数人来说，这些挑战也关乎到个人。也许你还在苦苦寻找工作，在经济十分不景气的情况下，你想竭力找到一条能够突出重围的道路。也许你有学生贷款，不，你们一定会有学生贷款，也可能是信用卡债务，而你们也正在考虑该如何偿还它们。也许你们还需要养家糊口，而你们也想知道如何保证你的孩子和你一样拥有读书的机会，让他们也能像你们一样去追逐自己的梦想。

★/b/

That's the spirit that led a band of patriots, not much older than most of you, to take on an empire and to start this experiment in democracy we call America. It's what drove young pioneers west to Arizona and beyond. It's what drove young women to reach for the ballot, what inspired a 30-year-old escaped slave to run an underground railroad to freedom. It's what inspired a young man named Cesar to go out and help farm workers, what inspired a 26-year-old preacher to lead a bus boycott for justice. It's what led firefighters and police officers in the prime of their lives up the stairs of those burning towers and young people across this country to drop what they were doing and come to the aid of a flooded New Orleans. It's what led two guys in a garage named Hewlett and Packard to form a company that would change the way we live and work, what led scientists in laboratories and novelists in coffee shops to labor in obscurity until they finally succeeded in changing the way we see the world.

就是那种精神引领了一群和你们年龄相仿的爱国者向一个帝国叫板，开始了我们称之为美国的民主试验。就是那种精神引领了先锋队员向西行进到达亚利桑那州甚至更远；就是那种精神引领了年轻的妇女取得了选举权。就是那种精神激励一个30岁的黑奴通过“地下铁路”组织逃向自由。就是那种精神鼓舞了一个名叫凯撒的年轻人走出皇宫，来到农场帮助那儿的工人。就是那种精神激发了一位26岁的牧师为了正义发起了抵制公交车隔离政策运动。就是那种精神引领着正值盛年的消防员和警官爬上熊熊燃烧的大楼。就是那种精神鼓舞着我们国家的年轻人放下手头的工作去新奥尔良帮助遭受洪灾的人。使两个名叫休利特和帕卡德的年轻人在车库里创办了一个公司，改变了我们的生活和工作方式。使在实验室的科学家、在咖啡屋的小说家对费解之物不断思索努力直到成功改变了我们看待这个世界的方式。

2．辅音 /t/-/d/

（1）原音影视*学发音

（2）国际音标*对对碰

（3）总统演讲*练语调

★/t/

We've become accustomed to the title of“military super-power”forgetting the qualities that got us there, and not just the power of our weapons, but the discipline and valor and the code of conduct of our men and women in uniform. The Marshall Plan, and the Peace Corps, and all those initiatives that show our commitment to working with other nations to pursue the ideals of opportunity and equality and freedom that have made us who we are; that's what made us a super power.

我们已经习惯了军事强国的头衔，却忘记了使我们达到这样地位的特质，不是武器的强悍，而是我们战士一贯的训练有素、勇猛的士气和管理的章程。马歇尔计划、维和部队以及所有的那些积极的行动都体现了美国与其他国家一起合作，追求机会、平等和成就美国的自由这些理想的承诺，这些成就了我们的今天，使美国成为了超级大国。

★/d/

Now, you can take that road and it may work for some. But at this critical juncture in our nation's history, at this difficult time, let me suggest that such an approach won't get you where you want to go. It displays a poverty of ambition, that in fact the elevation of appearance over substance, of celebrity over character, of short-term gains over lasting achievement is precisely what your generation needs to help end.

现在，你可以选择这条道路，也许它会起到一点作用，但是在国家的关键时期，在这个相当困难的时期，让我说一句：这样一种方式是不会让你成功的。过分地注重外表而不是实质，过分地注重名誉而不是内涵，过分地满足近期目标而不是长远利益，这些都表示我们缺乏雄心壮志，而这也恰好是你们这一代人需要帮助结束的。

3．辅音 /k/-/g/

（1）原音影视*学发音

（2）国际音标*对对碰

（3）总统演讲*练语调

★/k/

So, graduates, it's now abundantly clear that we need to start doing things a little bit different. In your own lives, you'll need to continuously adapt to a continuously changing economy. You'll end up having more than one job and more than one career over the course of your life. You'll have to keep on gaining new skills, possibly even new degrees. And you'll have to keep on taking risks, as new opportunities arise.

因此，毕业生们，现在我们必须清楚地了解应该开始做一些不同于在校期间的事了。在你们的一生中，你将要不断地去适应经济的变化无常。在整个生命过程中，你最终会有很多工作和职业。你必须获得新技能，甚至是新学位，还有当新的机会来临时，你必须敢于冒险。

★/g/

That's true whatever profession you choose. Professors might earn the distinction of tenure, but that doesn't guarantee that they'll keep putting in the long hours and late nights and have the passion and the drive to be great educators.

无论你选择哪一种职业都是正确的。教授可能获得了终身教授的荣誉，但并不确保他们长时间以及在深夜都保持那种想成为伟大教育家的激情和动力。

4．辅音 /f/-/v/

（1）原音影视*学发音

（2）国际音标*对对碰

（3）总统演讲*练语调

★/f/

Time and again, we've heard excuses to delay and defeat reform. Time and again, the American people have suffered because people in Washington played the politics of the moment instead of putting the interests of the American people first. That's how we ended up with premiums rising three times faster than wages. That's how we ended up with businesses choosing between shedding benefits and shutting their doors. That's how we've been burdened with runaway costs and huge gaps in coverage.

推迟和反对改革的借口屡见不鲜。由于有人热衷于在华盛顿玩弄一时的权术而不是将人民利益放在首位，因此，美国人民一再饱受煎熬。最终导致我们保费的增速是工资增速的3倍，企业在削减福利和破产之间徘徊，而失控的成本和巨大的保险缺口已经使我们不堪重负。

★/v/

So Class of 2009, that's what building a body of work is all about. It's about the daily labor, the many individual acts, the choices, large and small that add up over time, over a lifetime to a lasting legacy. That's what you want on your tombstone. It's about not being satisfied with the latest achievement, the latest gold star, because the one thing I know about a body of work is that it's never finished. It's cumulative. It deepens and expands with each day that you give your best, each day that you give back and contribute to the life of your community and your nation. You may have setbacks and you may have failures, but you're not done. You're not even getting started, not by a long shot.

因此，2009届的毕业生们，我所想要说的就是关于创建事业。它是关于日复一日的劳动，繁细众多的行动，慎重的选择，是大大小小能够日积月累，甚而累积一生并最终成为永久遗产的因素。那就是你们所希望铭刻在你们墓碑上的东西。它不是满足于你们已有的成就，已有的荣誉。因为据我所知，创建事业的工作是永无止境的。它是与日俱增的，是随着你每天尽心尽责地工作，每天你对你的社会和你的国家所做出的回报和贡献的深远而来的。你可能遭遇挫折和失败，但这并不是尽头。你甚至没有开始，那是绝对没有希望的。