Ⅴ. Spot dictation.

The primary component of a legislature is one or more chambers or houses:assemblies that ____1____ and vote upon bills. Most legislatures are either bicameral or ____2____ .A unicameral legislature is the simplest kind of lawmaking body and has only one house. A bicameral legislature possesses two separate ____3____ ,usually described as an ____4____ and a lower house, which may differ in duties, powers, and methods for the selection of members.

In most ____5____ ,the lower house is the most powerful house while the upper house is merely ____6____ .However in presidential systems the powers of the two houses are often similar or equal. In ____7____ it is typical for the upper house to represent the component states. For this purpose the upper house may either ____8____ of state governments, as is the case of Germany and was the case in the pre-19 century United States, or to be elected according to a formula that grants disproportionate representation to ____9____ ,as is the case today in Australia and the United States. Historically, as well as bicameral and unicameral bodies, there have also been ____10____ of tricameral legislatures.