遏制暗网犯罪 Curbing Online Dark Markets Crimi-nality
News Background
新闻导读
暗网（也称不可见网，隐藏网）是指那些储存在网络数据库里、不能通过超链接访问而需要通过动态网页技术访问的资源集合，不属于那些可以被标准搜索引擎索引的表面网络。迈克尔·伯格曼将当今互联网上的搜索服务比喻为像在地球的海洋表面的拉起一个大网的搜索，大量的表面信息固然可以通过这种方式被查找得到，可是还有相当大量的信息由于隐藏在深处而被搜索引擎错失掉。绝大部分这些隐藏的信息是须通过动态请求产生的网页信息，而标准的搜索引擎却无法对其进行查找。传统的搜索引擎“看”不到，也获取不了这些存在于暗网的内容，除非通过特定的搜查这些页面才会动态产生。于是相对的，暗网就隐藏了起来。
News Transcript
新闻正文
The Darknet is a part of the Internet that is not easily searchable, and requires specific software, configurations or authorization for access. Entire websites can be set up on the Darknet, whose contents， ；as well as all connections made to the websites, are encrypted, allowing users to operate and access the sites anonymously.
“Exploitation of the Darknet by transnational organized crime is a growing phenomenon and is a serious threat to all our national and economic securities，”said Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs James Walsh.
Indeed, criminals use the Darknet to facilitate child sex exploitation and to engage in illegal sales of stolen identity information, guns, toxic chemicals, explosives, and of course, illegal drugs.
“Notably, the Darknet has created a new drug traffcking paradigm allowing users to order and receive products like fentanyl through the mail. This means they bypass traditional drug trafficking routes and organizations.Payment is often made through cryptocurrencies that can further protect anonymity，”said James Walsh.
Obviously, there is a pressing need to address this criminal activity. But by their very nature, criminal marketplaces hosted on the Darknet are extremely challenging to locate, and their users to identify, meaning that skilled law enforcement and extensive multilateral cooperation are needed for any successful investigation.
In a powerful step to curb illicit activity on the Darknet, last year, U. S.and Dutch law enforcement led the coordinated shut down of two of the top-five darknet marketplaces, AlphaBay and Hansa Markets, in an coordinated, international operation by seven countries and EUROPOL.
At its peak, AlphaBay had over 350，000 listings for illicit goods and services. During its lifetime, the site appears to have had over 10，000 active vendors，400，000 active buyers, and have completed around 10 million transactions worth approximately$750 million.Hansa had approximately 2，100 active vendors and 60，000 active buyers, and was growing.
Deputy Assistant Secretary Walsh noted the importance of international agreements and conventions in fighting this emergingscourge.
“The more countries taking action on cybercrime, and working together, the more effective we will be. It is important that we prevent the creation of safe havens that can be exploited by criminals, wherever they be，”he said.
“We also urge continued focus on technical assistance building. For our part, the United States is ramping up our foreign assistance programs to help developing nations build their capacity to pursue Darknet criminals.”
Translaton
参考译文
暗网是因特网的一部分，它不易被搜索，需要特定的软件、配置或授权才能访问。整个网站都可以建立在暗网上，其内容以及与网站的所有链接均已加密，允许用户匿名操作和访问这些网站。
国际麻醉品和执法事务副助理秘书长詹姆斯·沃尔什说：“利用暗网进行的有组织跨国犯罪的现象不断增长，这对所有的国家和经济安全构成严重威胁。”
事实上，犯罪分子利用暗网让儿童性剥削变得更容易，并利用暗网从事非法销售盗窃的身份信息、枪支、有毒化学品、炸药以及毒品。
“值得注意的是，暗网创建了一种新的贩毒模式，允许用户通过邮件订购和接收芬太尼这样的产品。这意味着他们绕开了传统的贩毒路线和组织。他们通常通过加密货币进行付款，这样可以进一步保护匿名性。”詹姆斯·沃尔什说。
显然，当务之急是解决这一犯罪活动。但就其本质而言，暗网上的犯罪市场的定位和用户识别都极具挑战性，这意味着任何调查的成功都需要熟练的执法和广泛的多边合作。
为了遏制暗网上进行的非法活动，去年，美国和荷兰的执法部门在七国和欧洲刑警组织的协调下，联手关闭了前五大黑网市场中的阿尔法湾市场和汉萨市场。
在阿尔法湾鼎盛时期，有超过35万的非法商品和服务清单。在这个网站开放期间，已经有10，000多个活跃的供应商，400，000个活跃的买家，并且已经完成了大约1，000万笔价值7.5亿美元的交易。汉萨市场已经有大约2，100家活跃的供应商和6万名活跃的买家，网站关闭之前还在增长。
副助理秘书长詹姆斯·沃尔什指出国际协议和公约对于消除这一新兴祸害的重要性。
“共同努力对网络犯罪采取行动的国家越多，我们的打击力度越大。重要的是，无论在哪里，我们要防止创造出可以被犯罪分子利用的避风港。”他说。
“我们还敦促继续重视技术援助的建设。就我们而言，美国正在加强我们的对外援助项目，以帮助发展中国家建立追捕暗黑罪犯的能力。”
Listening Comprehension
听力理解
1.What's the feature of the Darknet?
2.Which two darknet marketplaces were shut down?
3.Hansa had____2，100 active vendors and 60，000 active buyers, and was growing.
Hot Words
新闻热词
searchable[ˈsɝtʃəbl]adj.可被搜查的
Darknet暗网
specifc[spəˈsɪfɪk]adj.特殊的，特定的
confguration[kənˌfɪgəˈreɪʃ（ə）n]n.配置
encrypt[enˈkrɪpt]v.加密
anonymously[əˈnɑnəməsli]adv.不具名地；化名地
exploitation[eksplɒɪˈteɪʃ（ə）n]n.开发，开采；利用
facilitate[fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]vt.促进；帮助
explosive[ɪkˈsplosɪv]n.炸药
paradigm[ˈpærədaɪm]n.范例
bypass[ˈbaɪpɑːs]vt.绕开；忽视
cryptocurrency n.加密货币
enforcement[enˈfɔːsm（ə）nt]n.执行，实施；强制
Listening Analysis
精彩解析
1.Entire websites can be set up on the Darknet, whose contents, as well as all connections made to the websites, are encrypted, allowing users to operate and access the sites anonymously.
set up建立
例句
In remembrance of the battle, we set up a museum.
为纪念那次战役，我们建立了一座博物馆。
This theatre is set up for children.
这座剧院是为儿童建造的。
2.For our part, the United States is ramping up our foreign assistance programs to help developing nations build their capacity to pursue Darknet criminals.
ramp up倾斜升温；加强
例句
In the past week，95%of the swine fu cases have been locally transmitted, and Chinese experts say infections are expected to ramp up.
在过去的一周，95%的猪流感病例都是本地传播的，中国专家预计感染人数将会继续上升。
I have found that the expansion of multimedia videos and slide ；shows help me ramp up my knowledge quickly.
我发现多媒体视频和幻灯片放映的扩展能帮助我快速增长知识。
答案
1.The Darknet is a part of the Internet that is not easily searchable, and requires specifc software, confgurations or authorization for access.
2.AlphaBay and Hansa Markets.
3.approximately