2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题详解（第一套）
Part I Writing
As more and more people flood in big cities, hoping to make the most of the opportunities they offer, these expanding urban centres are becoming less agreeable, and urban people are facing numerous new challenges.1
Firstly2, the growing population adds to the congestion and pollution that already exist in big cities. People have squeezed into space-limited cities, leading to more unnecessary chaos. Secondly2, fast-rising housing prices have brought about greater pressure on urban people, seriously lowering their quality of life. Lastly2, to make a better living, people are in a rush to get into the office and home, leaving little time to make conversation with other people. In the long term, it would be hard for such cities to become harmonious places as we expect.
Therefore, some thoughtful urban planning is needed to make our cities better and safer places to live in.3 Governments should make more efforts to improve the infrastructure and housing conditions and create enough opportunities for education and employment.4
1．首段开宗明义，紧扣话题，指出许多城市居民面临众多新的挑战。
2．分三点阐述生活在大城市所面临的挑战体现在哪些方面。
3．结尾段落首先归纳总结，指出需要城市规划来解决这些挑战。
4．补充说明政府应采取的措施有哪些，让论述显得更加完整。
随着越来越多的人涌向大城市，希望充分利用大城市所提供的机会，这些不断扩张的城市中心正在变得不那么宜人，城市居民正在面临众多新的挑战。
首先，不断扩大的人口使大城市里原本就存在的拥堵和污染问题雪上加霜。人们都纷纷涌入空间有限的城市，导致了更多不必要的混乱。其次，迅速上涨的房价给城市居民带来了更大的压力，这严重地降低了他们的生活质量。最后，为了更好地谋生，人们匆忙穿梭于办公室和家之间，没有多少时间和其他人沟通。从长期来看，这样的城市很难如我们所期待地那般和谐。
因此，需要一些考虑周全的城市规划来让我们的城市变成更好、更安全的居住之地。政府应当做出更大的努力来改善基础设施和住房条件，并创造足够多的教育和就业机会。
要点用法
flood in 涌入
unnecessary 不必要的
in the long term 长期来看，从长远来看
make the most of 充分利用
chaos 混乱，紊乱
urban 城市的
fast-rising 迅速上涨的
harmonious 和谐的
agreeable 宜人的
bring about 带来，导致
urban planning 城市规划
numerous 无数的，众多的
pressure 压力
make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事
congestion 拥堵
quality of life 生活品质，生活质量
infrastructure 基础设施
squeeze into 挤入，挤进
make a better living 更好地谋生
employment 就业
space-limited 空间有限的
in a rush 匆匆忙忙
lead to 导致
make conversation with... 与……沟通、交流
句法点评
1．As more and more people flood in big cities, hoping to make the most of the opportunities they offer, these expanding urban centres are becoming less agreeable, and urban people are facing numerous new challenges.
本句为一个复合句，主句为these expanding urban centres are becoming less agreeable, and urban people are facing numerous new challenges，句首是由as引导的时间状语从句，而hoping to make the most of the opportunities they offer是现在分词短语，充当伴随状语，修饰flood in。
2．Lastly, to make a better living, people are in a rush to get into the office and home, leaving little time to make conversation with other people.
本句为简单句，句子主干是people are in a rush to get into the office and home，前面的不定式短语to make a better living表示目的，而后面的现在分词短语leaving little time to make conversation with other people则充当are in a rush to get into the office and home的结果状语。