第二节 英语二常考同义词/近义词辨析专项训练
一、同义词、近义词辨析
1.It is________of you to turn down the radio while your sister is still ill in bed.
A.considerable
B.considerate
C.concerned
D.careful
2.According to the weather forecast, which is usually________, it will rain this afternoon.
A.exact
B.precise
C.perfect
D.accurate
3.When he applied for a________in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager.
A.location
B.profession
C.career
D.position
4.Dogs are often praised for their________; they almost never abandon their masters.
A.faith
B.loyalty
C.trust
D.truthfulness
5.He believed that the greatest of his________was that he'd never had a college education.
A.griefs
B.misfortunes
C.disasters
D.sorrows
6.The most________technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.
A.prominent
B.prosperous
C.solemn
D.prevalent
7.Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of________at people.
A.glancing
B.peering
8.The________runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.
C.gazing
D.scanning
A.common
B.usual
C.average
D.general
9.The political future of the president is now hanging by a________.
A.thread
B.cord
C.string
D.rope
10.I am sure I________can him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.
A.speak
B.say
C.talk
D.tell
11.Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply________.
A.declined
B.lessened
C.descended
D.slipped
12.His career was not noticeably________by the fact that he had never been to college.
A.prevented
B.restrained
C.hindered
D.refrained
13.The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to________the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.
A.decrease
B.subtract
C.minimize
D.degrade
14.All individuals are required to________to the laws made by their governments.
A.obey
B.conform
C.concede
D.observe
15.If you want to set up a company, you must________with the regulations laid down by the authorities.
A.comply
B.adhere
C.confirm
D.accord
16.The suspect________that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.
A.advocated
B.alleged
C.addressed
D.announced
17.We'll________you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.
A.compensate
B.remedy
C.supplement
D.retrieve
18.After several nuclear disasters, a________has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.
A.quarrel
B.suspicion
C.verdict
D.controversy
19.Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to________situation.
A.similar
B.alike
C.same
D.likely
20.Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to________healthy.
A.preserve
B.stay
C.maintain
D.reserve
21.As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals________a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.
A.relieve
B.release
C.dismiss
D.discard
22.He does not________as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.
A.equal
B.match
C.qualify
D.fit
23.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat________.
A.disapproval
B.rejection
C.refusal
D.decline
24.Please________yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.
A.restrain
B.hinder
C.restrict
D.prohibit
25.The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer________according to the weather.
A.altered
B.converted
C.fluctuated
D.modified
26.The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not________their prospect of promotion.
A.spur
B.further
C.induce
D.reinforce
27.People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in________populated areas.
A.densely
B.intensely
C.abundantly
D.highly
28.Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the________in the financial system will drag down the economy.
A.shallowness
B.shakiness
C.scantiness
D.stiffness
29.The city is an important railroad________and industrial and convention center.
A.conjunction
B.network
C.junction
D.link
30.The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October,________an outburst of interest.
A.flared
B.glittered
C.sparked
D.flashed
参考答案及详解:
1.本题四个选项中A和B是同根形容词,considerable意为“相当大的,值得考虑的”;considerate意为“考虑周到的,体贴的”;concerned表示“关心的”;careful表示“小心的”。根据题意应选B。题意:你姐(妹)还卧病在床,你把收音机的音量调小,考虑真周到。
2.本题中exact意为“精确的,准确的”,指丝毫不差;precise意为“精确的,精密的”,指精确无误,比exact语义更强;perfect意为“十全十美”;accurate意为“正确的,精确的”,指与某项标准相符合,强调其准确性与事实无出入。根据题意应选D。题意:按照天气预报,如果没有意外,今天下午将有雨。
3.本题中location意为“位置、场所”,一般指物体的处所;profession意思是“职业”,一般指需要业务知识或专业知识的职业;career的意思是“职业、事业”,往往指长期的以至终生的事业;position意为“职位,职务”。根据题意应选D, position在这里相当于job。题意:当他向当地报纸办事处申请职位时,有人要他去见经理。
4.从题意看,空格中应填入表示“忠实”这一意思的词,因此loyalty是答案。faith的意思是“信心、信任”;trust意为“信任、信赖”;truthfulness的意思是“诚实、说真话”。题意:狗经常因为忠实而受到称赞;狗几乎从来不背弃自己的主人。
5.本题A项意为“悲痛、使人悲痛的事”,相当于very great sadness, especially at the death of someone; B项意为“不幸”相当于bad luck, or an unlucky event; C项意为“灾祸、灾难”相当于great harm, damage or death, of serious difficulty; D项意为“悲哀、悲痛、痛苦的事”,相当于a feeling of great sadness or regret;根据题意,答案为B。题意:他认为他最大的不幸是从未受过高等教育。
6.本题测试形容词的用法。prominent意为“突出的,杰出的”;prosperous意为“繁荣的,兴旺的”;solemn意为“庄严的,严肃的,隆重的”;prevalent表示“普遍的,流行的”。根据题意应选A。题意:20世纪里,最突出的科技成就可能要算电脑革命了。
7.本题四个选项都有“看”的意思。glance意为“一瞥,匆匆一看”,表示很快地看;gaze意为“凝视,盯着看”,强调聚精会神地看,看得时间长;scan意为“浏览”,表示非常迅速地看,有时也指仔细地看,察看;peer意为“凝视,注视”,表示仔细地看。根据题意应选C。题意:因为有点近视,她有盯着人看的习惯。
8.本题四个选项都含有“普通的”意思,但含义略有不同。common指“普通的,共同的”,含有经常发生或经常见到,“普遍”的含义;general意为“普通的,一般的,大众的”,强调很少有例外,含有大多数的意思;usual指“平常的,通常的,惯例的”,强调习惯性,符合规章制度的,或一贯如此的;average意为“普通的,平常的,一般水平的”;average的另一个意思为“平均的”,因此C.average所指的普通有着接近平均水平、中等水平的含义,符合题意,为正确答案。题意:一般人在15分钟内可以跑2英里。
9.本题词义相同但用法不一样,其中hang by a thread为一固定搭配用法,意为“处在危险之境,千钧一发,危在旦夕”。故答案为A。题意:这位总统的政治前途危在旦夕。
10.本题测试词义相同但是用法不一样的词汇,只有C项可构成talk sb. into doing sth.习惯用法,意为“劝说某人做某事”。故为正确答案。题意:我确信我能够劝说他让我们今晚留在旅馆。
11.本题中decline意为“下降,下跌,减退”;lessen意为“缩小,变小,减轻”,主要指数量或程度上的减低;descend指位置下降;slip意为“滑倒”。根据题意,应选A。题意:去年,芝加哥的犯罪率急剧下降。
12.本题四个动词都有阻止的意思,而且都可以和介词from搭配。prevent“阻止,预防”;restrain“克(抑,遏)制,管制”;hinder“妨碍,阻碍”;refrain“克制,抑制,戒除”。根据题意,应选C。题意:他的事业并没因为他从未上过大学而受到明显的妨碍。
13.本题四个动词都有降低、减少的意思。根据but, great losses和这家工厂的行动应形成对比。decrease“减少”;subtract(from)“减去,减”;minimize“把……说成极不重要,对……作最低估计”;minimize one's weaknesses极力缩小自己的缺点;degrade“使降级,使丢脸”。根据题意,应选C。题意:这场大火造成了巨大的损失,但这家工厂却说损失没有报道的那么严重,竭力对大火的后果作最低估计。
14.本题中四选项分别为obey“服从,遵守”;conform(to)“符合,遵守”;concede“承认,退让,容许”;observe“观察,观测,遵守,评述”。本题要求在A、B、D之间区分。空格后跟to,那么只有B符合。题意:每个人都被要求遵守政府制定的法律。
15.本题考查后接介词with的单词,且根据题意,空格处填的单词应该表示“遵守”的意思。comply(with)“遵守,服从”;adhere(to)“坚持,遵守”;confirm“确认、证实”;accord(with)“相符合,相一致”。A正确。题意:如果你想成立一家公司,你必须遵守当局制定的规章制度。
16.本题考查动词辨异。advocated“提倡,鼓吹”;alleged“声称”;addressed“向……致辞,演说”;announced“宣布,通告”。根据主语suspect这个线索词,可以知道只能填B。题意:那个犯罪嫌疑人声称案发时他并不在附近。
17.本题中compensate(sb. for damage/losses)意为“赔偿,补偿”;remedy意为“补救,纠正(欠缺、错误)”;supplement意为“补充(数量),增补”;retrieve意为“重新得到,补偿,弥补(损失等),纠正(错误等)”。根据题意,应选A。题意:我们会对居住期间你的房子遭到的任何损失进行赔偿。
18.本题中quarrel意为“争吵,口角”,后跟about/over sth.表示为某事而争吵;suspicion意为“怀疑,涉嫌”;verdict意为“裁定,定论”;controversy意为“争论,辩论”,后跟over sth.表示关于……的争论。根据题意,此题controversy的意思要比quarrel准确。题意:发生几次核灾难以后,一场关于核能安全的争论激烈展开。
19.本题中similar意为“类似的,相似的”,常作定语或表语;alike意为“相同的,同样的”,只作表语,不能作定语;same意为“相同的”,与定冠词the连用;likely意为“可能的,合适的,有希望的”。根据题意和句子结构,应选A。题意:凡是与孩子们在一起待过的人都会察觉到男孩和女孩对类似情形的反应方式不同。
20.本题中preserve意为“保存,保护”;stay意为“保持”;maintain意为“维持,养活”;reserve意为“保留,预定”。四个选项中,只有stay可作系动词,其他三个都是及物动词,不能接形容词作表语。题意:专家们说,一个人保持健康的最佳方法之一就是散步。
21.本题中relieve意为“减轻,救援”;release意为“释放,发布,发行”;dismiss意为“解散,开除,驳回”;discard意为“抛弃,丢掉”。根据题意,应选B。题意:作为一种防御空气污染危害的措施,许多动植物都能释放一种吸收有害化学物质的东西。
22.本题中equal(to)意为“等于”;match意为“相配”, match...in...with意为“在……方面与……相配”;qualify意为“有资格”, be qualified as/qualify as表示“有资格担任”;fit意为“适合”, to fit for sth., to fit to do sth.。根据题意,应选C。题意:他不具备当英语老师的资格,因为他的发音很糟糕。
23.本题中disapproval“不同意,不赞成”, emphatic disapproval断然不同意,不能说flat disapproval; rejection“断然拒绝”,可说to have many rejections, point-blank rejection直截了当地拒绝,不能说flat rejection; refusal“拒绝”;decline“逐渐衰落,衰败,减少”,作动词时,才有“谢绝,回绝”的意思。根据题意,应选C。题意:我竭力劝他加入我们小组,但遭到他断然拒绝。
24.本题中restrain“克制,抑制(不去做某事)”,与from搭配,可接反身代词;hinder“妨碍,阻碍”;restrict“限制”,强调少做某事,与to搭配;prohibit“禁止”,侧重外部因素如法律,规章制度等,常用被动语态。根据题意和结构,应选A。题意:请不要在公共场所吸烟和吐痰,因为法律不允许。
25.本题中alter意为“改动,变更”,指在性质、方向、位置、尺寸、形状上的变化;convert意为“转变”,在形式、状态或用途上从一方面转向另一方面;fluctuate意为“波动,涨落”,尤其指价格方面的上下变化;modify意为“修改”,稍微改变以达到改进的目的。根据题意,应选C。题意:当地人非常惊喜地发现,蔬菜的价格将不再随天气的变化而波动。
26.本题中spur意为“驱策,刺激,激励”;further意为“增进,促进,推进”;induce意为“引诱,诱使”,指引起或导致不好的事情;reinforce意为“(力量的)加强”。根据题意,应选B。题意:雇员追求闲暇,这当然不利于他们的提升。
27.本题中densely意为“浓密的,密集的”, intensely意为“强烈地”;abundantly意为“丰富地”;highly意为“高度地”。根据题意,应选A, densely用来修饰population,指人口密度大。题意:居住在小城镇的人似乎比居住在人口密度高地区的人更友好。
28.本题中shallowness意为“浅,浅薄”;shakiness意为“摇摇晃晃,不稳定”;scantiness意为“缺乏,不足”;stiffness意为“僵硬,顽固”。根据题意,应选B。题意:谁也不知道金融体系的不稳定什么时候会拖垮经济以及会对经济产生多么严重的影响。
29.本题中conjunction意为“结合,连接”;network意为“网络系统”;junction意为“结合点,交叉点,枢纽”;link意为“联系,纽带”。根据题意,应选C。题意:这个城市既是重要的铁路枢纽,又是工业及会议中心。
30.本题中flare意为“闪耀,闪烁”;glitter意为“闪耀”,可指物体表面的光芒;spark意为“发火花,激发”,及物动词;flash意为“闪光”,指很快便消失的亮光。根据题意,应选C。题意:去年10月传到出版商那儿的215页手稿激发起(人们)浓厚的兴趣。