26 Franklin D. Roosevelt
富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福，挽救美国于水火的伟大总统

名人标签

01 As a Democrat, he won a record four elections and served from March 1933 to his death in April 1945.

作为民主党人士，他是美国历史上唯一连任四届的总统，任期从1933年至1945年，1945年4月逝世。

02 He was a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war.

他身处于20世纪中期的许多大事件的漩涡中，从经济危机与战争的深渊中挽救了美国。

了解他/她多少

Personal life

Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York in 1882 to a prominent（显赫的）New York family. He attended Groton School and Harvard College, graduating in 1903. In 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt, with whom he had six children. He entered politics in 1910, serving in the New York State Senate and then as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson. In 1920, he was the Democratic nominee for Vice-President of the United States, but was defeated by Calvin Coolidge. Roosevelt was stricken with polio in 1921, which cost him the use of his legs and put his political career on hold for several years. After returning to political life by placing Alfred E. Smith's name into nomination at the 1924 Democratic National Convention, Roosevelt was asked by Smith to run for Governor of New York in the 1928 election. Roosevelt served as a reform governor from 1929 to 1932 and promoted the enactment（颁布）of programs to combat the Great Depression that occurred during his governorship.

阅读超链接

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福出生在纽约一个富有和古老的家族中。1900年他进入哈佛大学，攻读政治学、历史学和新闻学。1905年与埃莉诺结婚。1910年，罗斯福以民主党人的身份开始涉足政界，是美国历史上唯一蝉联三届（第四届任期未满）的总统，也是美国迄今为止在任时间最长的总统。

Career

Roosevelt defeated incumbent Republican president Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Roosevelt dominated（控制）the American political scene during the twelve years of his presidency and his policies and ideas continued to have significant influence for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment（重新组合）of voters that created the Fifth Party System. Roosevelt's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. His work also influenced the later creation of the United Nations and Bretton Woods. Roosevelt is consistently（一贯地）rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents, along with Abraham Lincoln and George Washington in leading the Allies against Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan in World War II.

阅读超链接

在20世纪30年代经济大萧条期间，罗斯福推行新政以提供失业救济，复苏经济，并成立众多机构来改革经济和银行体系，从经济危机的深渊中挽救了美国。他所发起的一些计划仍继续在国家的商贸活动中扮演着重要角色。罗斯福是第二次世界大战期间同盟国阵营的重要领导人之一。罗斯福以租借法案使美国转变为“民主国家的兵工厂”，使美国成为同盟国主要的军火供应商和融资者，也使得美国国内产业经济大幅扩张，实现了充分就业。二战后期同盟国逐渐扭转形势后，罗斯福对塑造战后世界秩序发挥了关键作用。

妙语连珠

If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize what we have never realized before, our inter-dependence on each other, that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well. That if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army, willing to sacrifice（牺牲）for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline, no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective. We are all ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offer, we are going to larger purposes, bind upon us, bind upon us all, as a sacred obligation（职责）with a unity of duty, hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife（冲突）.

阅读超链接

罗斯福首次就任总统之时，正值经济大萧条的风暴席卷美国，到处是失业、破产、倒闭、暴跌，到处可见美国的痛苦、恐惧和绝望。罗斯福却表现出一种压倒一切的自信，他在宣誓就职时发表了一篇富有激情的演说，告诉人们：我们唯一害怕的就是害怕本身。他的决心和轻松愉快的乐观态度点燃了举国同心同德的新精神之火。