第3章 Football足球
足球运动是目前体育界最有影响力的运动，以脚支配球为主，但也可以使用头、胸部等部位触球（除守门员外，其他队员不得用手或臂触球），是两个队在同一场地内进行攻守的体育运动项目。一场精彩的足球比赛，吸引着成千上万的观众，它已成为电视节目中的重要内容。有关足球消息的报道，占据着世界上各种报刊的大量篇幅，当今足球运动已成为人们生活中不可缺少的组成部分。据不完全统计，现在世界上经常参加比赛的球队约80万支，登记注册的运动员约4000万人，其中职业运动员约10万人。
What is football
什么是足球
The game of football is any of several similar team sports, of similar origins which involve advancing a ball into a goal area in an attempt to score. Many of these involve kicking a ball with the foot to score a goal, though not all codes of football using kicking as a primary means of advancing the ball or scoring. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just “football” or “soccer”. Unqualified, the word football applies to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears, including American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league, rugby union and other related games. These variations are known as “codes”.
The various codes of football share the following common elements:
Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per team) are also popular.
A clearly defined area in which to play the game.
Scoring goals or points, by moving the ball to an opposing team's end of the field and either into a goal area, or over a line.
Goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts.
The goal or line being defended by the opposing team.
Players being required to move the ball—depending on the code—by kicking, carrying, or hand-passing the ball.
Players using only their body to move the ball.
In most codes, there are rules restricting the movement of players offside, and players scoring a goal must put the ball either under or over a crossbar between the goalposts. Other features common to several football codes include: points being mostly scored by players carrying the ball across the goal line; and players receiving a free kick after they take a mark or make a fair catch.
Peoples from around the world have played games which involved kicking or carrying a ball, since ancient times. However, most of the modern codes of football have their origins in England.
Association football has generally been known as “soccer” in the U.S, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, Australia and New Zealand where other codes of football are dominant, while in francophone Quebec, where Canadian football is more popular, the sport of association football is known as le soccer and the Canadian code as football. Of the 45 national FIFA affiliates in which English is an official or primary language, almost all now use “football” in their organizations' official names, although Canada and the United States the national football organizations continue to use the name “Soccer” in their titles, and several others have only recently “normalized” to using “Football”, including:
Australia's association football governing body changed its name in 2007 from using “soccer” to “football”.
New Zealand also changed in 2007, saying “the international game is called football”.
Samoa changed from “Samoa Football (Soccer) Federation” to “Football Federation Samoa” in 2009.
“American football” is always called “football” in America (USA).
足球（football）是足球运动或足球比赛的简称，当然它也指足球比赛中的用球。足球运动是一项古老的体育活动，源远流长。最早起源于中国古代的一种球类游戏“蹴鞠”（kemari），后来经过阿拉伯人传到欧洲，发展成现代足球。不少国家将足球定为“国球”（national ball）。
国际足球联合会世界杯比赛（FIFA World Cup Competition），简称世界杯足球赛（旧译世界足球锦标赛world championship soccer），是由国际足球联合会（international football federation，简称FIFA）统一领导和组织的世界性的足球比赛。每届比赛从预赛（preliminary contest）到决赛（finals）前后历时3个年头，参加预选赛的国家已近100个。它是世界上规模最大、影响最大、水平最高的足球比赛，也是世界上观众最多的体育比赛项目。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
During football match, sportsman is like tangling on the football field.
足球比赛时，运动员似在足球场上混战。
Football games are played in this stadium.
足球比赛在这个运动场举行。
Football is a team game.
足球是一项集体运动。
Our team plays in the first division (of the football league).
本队在足球联赛甲组参赛。
Several clubs have already staked a/their claim to this outstanding young footballer.
有几个足球俱乐部均表示这个年轻的足球健将是他们的人。.
A football field is one hundred yards long.
足球场长一百码。
Football and hockey players wear shoulder pads.
足球和曲棍球球员都戴垫肩。
Football players wear shorts.
足球运动员穿短裤。
How do you like foot ball.
你喜欢足球吗？
FIFA is the world governing body of football.
国际足球联合会是世界性足球领导管理机构。
The boys passed the football to one another.
孩子们互相传足球。
They were watching the football game.
他们在观看足球比赛。
Billy really knows his stuff when it comes to football.
谈到足球，比利很精通。
The football match was a classic.
那场足球比赛堪称典范。
American football is different from international football, which Americans call soccer.
美式足球，即橄榄球，与国际足球不同，美国人称后者为英式足球。
The pane of glass was broken by a football.
一块玻璃被足球踢碎了。
The football players dissolved into tears at their victory.
足球队员因获胜而热泪盈眶。
I have never missed any World Cup final.
我从来没错过世界杯总决赛。
Let's Talk！
开始交流吧！
Todd: Wow, American football is more exciting than I thought.
托德：哇，美式足球可比我想象的刺激多了。
Barley: You're in America now, my British friend. We just call it football.
巴里：我的英国朋友，你现在可是在美国。我们叫它橄榄球。
Todd: Oh, right. So, I can't quite follow what's going on-who's winning?
托德：哦，对了。哦，我不知道情况怎么样了。谁赢了？
Barley: The Giants are up by three points because of the field goal they kicked, but the Redskins have the ball and there pretty close to the end zone.
巴里：因为射门得分，巨人队领先3分，但现在是红人队控球，而且很接近底线区了。
Todd: Wow! What a hit!
托德：哇！瞧这球！
Barley: Yeah, he tackled him so hard that his helmet came off.
巴里：是呀，他拼命抢球，头盔都掉了。
Todd: Is he ok?
托德：他没事吧？
Barley: It looks like it, he's getting up.
巴里：好像是，他站起来了。
Todd: I guess he hit him too hard; the referee just called a penalty on the home team.
托德：我猜他抢得太凶，裁判判罚主队。
Barley: The Giants?
巴里：你是说巨人队？
Todd: Yeah.
托德：是呀。
Barley: Well, here we go again.
巴里：哦，又继续打了。
Todd: What happened? Why did everyone get so quiet?
托德：怎么回事？大家都不说话了。
Barley: We lose again.
巴里：我们又输了。
Todd: What went wrong?
托德：出了什么问题？
Barley: Because they made too many bad passes.
巴里：只是因为我们传球太差。
Todd: Bad passes? Can you be more specific?
托德：传球太差？你能说得更详细一些吗？
Barley: They were passing when trapped.
巴里：他们总是被夹击之后才会传球。
Todd: Too bad. The defense would know where your limited pass options were.
托德：这可不好。这样防守队员就清楚你有限的传球选择了。
Barley: But it is still a terrific game!
巴里：但这仍然是一场精彩的比赛！