第二节 样题点评
Section A
Conversation One
听力原文
W:Hello.
M:Hello,is that the reference library?
W:Yes.Can I help you?
M:I hope so.I rang earlier and asked for some information about Denys Hawtin,the scientist.You asked me to ring back.
W:Oh,yes.I have found something.
M:Good.I've got a pencil and paper.Perhaps you could read out what it says.
W:Certainly.Hawtin,Denys.Born:Darlington1836；died New York1920.
M:Yes.Got that.
W:Inventor and physicist.[1]The son of a farm worker,he was admitted to the University of London at the age of fifteen.
M:Yes.
W:He graduated at seventeen with a first class degree in Physics and Mathematics.All right?
M:Yes,all right.
W:He made his first notable achievement at the age of eighteen.It was a method of refrigeration which arose from his work in low temperature physics.[2]He became professor of Mathematics at the University of Manchester at twenty-four,where he remained for twelve years.During that time he married one of his students,Natasha Willoughby.
M:Yes.Go on.
W:Later,working together in London,they laid the foundation of modern Physics by showing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the level of subatomic particles.[3]For this he and his wife received the Nobel Prize for Physics in1910，and did so again in1912for their work on very high frequency radio waves.In his lifetime Hawtin patented244inventions.Do you want any more?
M:Yes.When did he go to America?
W:Let me see.[4]In1920he went to teach in New York,and died there suddenly after only three weeks.Still,he was a good age.
M:Yes.I suppose so.Well,thanks.
听前预测
根据第1题和第2题的选项可知，这两题都与人物的身份、经历有关，再根据第3题的选项可知，该题与人物的学术研究方向有关，由此可推断，这个对话主要与某个人的职业、经历以及学术研究领域有关。
对话摘要
参考书阅览室的管理员向前来打电话咨询的男士介绍科学家Denys Hawtin的生平。
试题详解
1.What do we learn about Denys Hawtin when he was15？
*答案 C 考点 本题出题点在数字信息处（年龄）。
*精析
对话中提到，这个农场雇工的儿子，十五岁时考入伦敦大学，故选C。
2.What did Denys Hawtin do at the age of24？
*答案 B 考点 本题出题点在数字信息处（年龄）。
*精析
对话中提到，24岁时，Denys Hawtin成为了曼彻斯特大学的数学教授，故选B。接着女士又说，他在该大学工作了12年，在此期间，他娶了他的一位学生——Natasha Willoughby,因此无法判断他是否是在24岁时爱上了Natasha Willoughby,故排除C。
3.For what were Denys Hawtin and his wife awarded the Nobel Prize a second time?
*答案 C 考点 本题出题点在原因处。
*精析
新闻中提到，为此，他和他的妻子在1910年获得诺贝尔物理学奖，并在1912年因其对超高频率的无线电波的研究工作夫妇二人再次获得诺贝尔物理学奖，故选C。
4.Why did Denys Hawtin go to New York?
*答案 D 考点 本题出题点在目的处（to…）。
*精析
男士问管理员，他什么时候回的美国？管理员回答In1920he went to teach in New York…（在1920年，他回到纽约去教学……），故选D。
Conversation two
听力原文
W:[5]This is Lisa Meyer in the WBZ newsroom,talking with Mike Bassichis,who is the director of the Gifford School,about the cleanup from last week's fire and what the possible cause of that blaze may have been.
M:[6]We're getting ready for our entire staff to return early from vacation tomorrow whereupon we are going to move into temporary classrooms.And the other buildings that did not burn are being de-smoked.As to the cause of the fire,all we know is that we were having trouble with the pilot lights since we bought the stove in July and it had been serviced three times.[7]Well,as a matter of fact,we think it was a malfunctioning stove that may have caused the fire.Nothing definite yet has been determined.
W:Have you heard from other schools or other institutional users of this stove that have had the same problem?
M:No.I wouldn't know anything more about the stove itself.All I know is that this fire went up so quickly that there's been a suspicion about why it went up so quickly.And it may be that there was a gas blast.But,again,this has not been determined officially by anybody.
W:I got you.When do kids come back to school?
M:Next Monday,and we will be ready for them.Monday January4.We're just extremely thrilled that no one was hurt and that's because of the fire fighters that were here,nine of them.They're wonderful.
W:And I'm sure you send your thanks out to them,uh?
M:Well,we're sending out thanks to them in a letter or in any other way we can.[8]I heard a story today where one of our kids actually baked some cookies and is taking it to the fire department,to give it to them.
听前预测
根据第5题的选项可知，这一题与一场事故的类型有关，再根据第7题的选项可知，这一题与事故发生的原因有关。由此推断，该对话的主要内容可能是有关一场事故发生的原因及相关细节。
对话摘要
吉福德学校校长接受WBZ新闻主持人的采访，讲述上周发生在学校的一场火灾事故的情形。
试题详解
5.What were the speakers talking about?
*答案 D 考点 本题考点为对话主旨。
*精析
对话开头提到：我是WBZ新闻节目主持人Lisa Meyer,访问的是吉福德学校校长，Mike Bassichis,关于上周火灾的处理以及可能引发此次火灾的原因，故选D。
6.What were the school staff doing at the time of the accident?
*答案 B 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
对话中提到We're getting ready for our entire staff to return early from vacation tomorrow…（我们正在为明天迎接早早放假回来的全体员工做准备……），可知火灾发生时，员工们正在度假，故选B。
7.What was supposed to be the cause of the accident?
*答案 A 考点 本题出题点在强调处。（as a matter of fact）
*精析
对话中提到Well,as a matter of fact,we think it was a malfunctioning stove that may have caused the fire.（嗯，事实上，我们认为可能是一个出故障的烤箱引发了这场火灾），由此可知，引发事故的原因应该是一个出故障的烤箱，故选A。
8.What did one of the kids do to show gratitude?
*答案 C 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。（结尾处）
*精析
对话结尾提到，今天我听到一个故事，我们学校的一个孩子烤了一些饼干，带到消防部门，送给了消防员，故选C。
核心词汇及短语
Conversation 1
reference n. 参考书目
physicist n. 物理学家
achievement n. 成就
refrigeration n. 冷藏
foundation n. 基础
subatomic particles 亚原子粒子
Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖
Physics n. 物理学
Conversation 2
cleanup n. 清扫工作
blaze n. 火焰，烈火
temporary a. 暂时的
pilot lights 指示灯
malfunctioning a. 出故障的
suspicion n. 怀疑
blast n. 爆炸
Section B
Passage One
听力原文
In today's personality stakes,nothing is more highly valued than a sense of humor.We seek it out in others and are proud to claim it in ourselves,perhaps even more than good looks or intelligence.[9]If someone has a great sense of humor,we reason,it means that they are happy,socially confident and have a healthy perspective on life.
[10]This attitude would have surprised the ancient Greeks,who believed humor to be essentially aggressive.And in fact,our admiration for the comically gifted is relatively new,and not very well-founded,says Rod Martin,a psychologist at the University of Western Ontario.Being funny isn't necessarily an indicator of good social skills and well-being,his research has shown.It may just as likely be a sign of personality flaws.
[11]He has found that humor is a double-edged sword.It can forge better relationships and help you cope with life,or it can be corrosive,eating away at self-esteem and irritating others.“It's a form of communication,like speech,and we all use it differently,”says Martin.We use bonding humor to enhance our social connections,but we also may employ it as a way of excluding or rejecting an outsider.
Though humor is essentially social,how you use it says a lot about your sense of self.Those who use self-defeating humor,making fun of themselves for the enjoyment of others,tend to maintain that hostility toward themselves even when alone.Similarly,those who are able to view the world with amused tolerance are often equally forgiving of their own shortcomings.
听前预测
根据第9题的选项可知，该题与某种品质或性格有关，根据第10题可知，该题与某事或某物具备的性质有关，根据第11题可知，该题考查的是对某事或某物的看法或评价，故可推测短文讲述的是某种品质或性格及其特点。
短文摘要
短文介绍了幽默感以及古希腊人和现代心理学家对幽默感的看法。
试题详解
9.How do people today view humor according to the speaker?
*答案 D 考点 本题出题点在假设处（If…）。
*精析
短文中提到，如果一个人拥有极强的幽默感，我们推断，这意味着这个人是快乐的，在社交方面充满自信，并且拥有健康的生活态度，故选D。
10.What did the ancient Greeks think of humor?
*答案 B 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
短文中提到，这种态度可能会使古希腊人感到惊讶，因为古希腊人认为幽默在本质上具有挑衅性，故选B。
11.What has psychologist Rod Martin found about humor?
*答案 A 考点 本题出题点在对话中的举例处。
*精析
短文中提到，心理学家Rod Martin发现幽默是一把双刃剑，故选C。
Passage Two
听力原文
[12]And now,if you'll walk this way,ladies and gentlemen,[13]the next room we're going to see is the room in which the family used to hold their formal dinner parties and even occasionally entertain heads of state and royalty.However,they managed to keep this room friendly and intimate and I think you'll agree it has a very informal atmosphere,quite unlike some grand houses you visit.The curtains were never drawn,even at night,so guests got a view of the lake and fountains outside,which were lit up at night.A very attractive sight.
As you can see,ladies and gentlemen,the guests were seated very informally around this oval table,which would add to the relaxed atmosphere.The table dates from the eighteenth century and is made of Spanish oak.[14]It's rather remarkable for the fact that although it is extremely big,it's supported by just six rather slim legs.However,it seems to have survived like that for two hundred years,so it's probably going to last a bit longer.The chairs which go with the table are not a complete set—there were originally six of them.They are interesting for the fact that they are very plain and undecorated for the time,with only one plain central panel at the back and no arm-rests.[15]I myself find them rather uncomfortable to sit in for very long,but people were used to more discomfort in the past.
[12]And now,ladies and gentlemen,if you'd like to follow me into the Great Hall…
听前预测
根据第12题的选项可知，该题与某人的职业相关，根据第13题的选项可知，该题与某一地点的用途有关，根据第14、15题可知，这两题与某物的外观和使用感受有关。由此推断，该短文可能是介绍某个地点和该地点内的物品。
短文摘要
短文是一篇导游讲解词。导游向游客介绍了一间专供举办正式宴会的房间，并介绍了房间内的椭圆形餐桌和与之相配套的椅子。
试题详解
12.What do we learn about the speaker?
*答案 A 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处（开头处和结尾处）。
*精析
根据短文中出现的And now,if you'll walk this way,ladies and gentlemen（现在，女士们先生们，请从这边走）And now,ladies and gentlemen,if you'd like to follow me into the Great Hall…（现在，女士们先生们，请跟随我进入大厅……）可判断出，讲话者应该是一名导游，故选A。
13.What does the speaker say about the room they are visiting?
*答案 B 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
短文中提到，我们将看到的下一个房间是这家人用于举办正式宴会的房间，这个房间甚至偶尔会宴请国家元首和皇室成员，B项“用来举办家庭宴会”符合原文，故选B。选项C中的frequently和原文中的even occasionally不符，可排除。
14.What is said about the oval table in the room?
*答案 C 考点 本题出题点在转折处（although）和强调处（extremely）。
*精析
短文中提到，它相当不可思议，因为它非常大，但却仅由六根相当细的桌腿支撑，故选C。
15.What does the speaker say about the chairs?
*答案 D 考点 本题出题点在人物观点处（I myself…）
*精析
讲解员提到，与桌子配套的凳子，只有一面朴素的椅背，没有扶手，然后说I myself find them rather uncomfortable to sit in for very long…（我自己觉得在上面坐时间长了很不舒服……），由此可知，本题选D。
核心词汇及短语
Passage 1
essentially ad. 本质上
aggressive a. 侵略性的，挑衅的
admiration n. 羡慕
comically ad. 滑稽的
indicator n. 指示物
corrosive a. 侵蚀性的
cope with 应对
irritate v. 激怒
self-defeating a. 弄巧成拙的
Passage 2
occasionally ad. 偶尔
royalty n. 皇室
intimate a. 亲密的
Spanish oak 西班牙橡木
undecorated a. 未加装饰的
panel n. 平板；嵌板
Section C
Passage One
听力原文
Moderator:
Hello Ladies and Gentleman,it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today's session,Dr.Howard Miller.[16]Dr.Miller,Professor of Sociology at Washington University,has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years.Dr.Miller:
Dr.Miller:
Thank you for that introduction.Today,I'd like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together.Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties,they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves.[17]My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear,that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years.Fighting back the tears,he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up,and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process.The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence,and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them.It was,in my grandfather's own words,like having a limb cut off.He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn't important anymore.
[18]For them and some older Americans,their so-called“golden years”are at times not so pleasant,for this period can mean the decline of not only one's health but the loss of identity and self-worth.In many societies,this self-identity is closely related with our social status,occupation,material possessions,or independence.Furthermore,we often live in societies that value what is“new”or in fashion,and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans.I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming,“Hey,come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!”Unfortunately,the word“old”calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.
Now,many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform,medical care,and the development of public facilities for senior citizens.[19]And while these are vital issues that must be addressed,I'd like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned.This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group,and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.
First of all,I'd like to talk about…
听前预测
根据第16题的选项可知，该题与某一事物的具体用途有关，根据第17、19题选项中的retirement homes、senior citizens、the elderly,可推测讲座可能与老年人的生活有关。
短文摘要
这是一场大会上的一段演讲，演讲开头部分，由主持人介绍演讲嘉宾——华盛顿大学的社会学教授，米勒博士。接下来米勒博士以自己的祖父母为例，描述了老年人的心理状态，同时介绍了目前社会如何看待这一群体，强调了改变对老年群体的看法及帮助老年人扮演有价值的角色的重要性。
试题详解
16.What does the introduction say about Dr.Howard Miller's articles and books?
*答案 B 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
主持人在介绍演讲嘉宾时提到，米勒博士是华盛顿大学的社会学教授，在过去的15年里，写了大量有关在我们这个老龄化社会中，美国老年人面临的问题的文章和书籍，故选B。
17.What is the greatest fear of Dr.Miller's grandfather?
*答案 D 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
米勒博士在演讲中提到：“我爷爷说过他最大的恐惧就是离开他们已经居住了60年的家”，故选D。
18.What does Dr.Miller say the“golden years”can often mean?
*答案 A 考点 本题出题点在原因处（for…）。
*精析
演讲中提到，对于他们和一些年长的美国人来说，所谓的“黄金年代”有时并不太愉快，因为这段时间可能不仅意味着健康的下滑，还有身份和自我价值的缺失，故选A。
19.What is the focus of Dr.Miller's speech?
*答案 C 考点 本题出题点在强逻辑处（This has to do with…）。
*精析
演讲者最后提到，我想把发言的焦点集中在一个非常重要的问题上，这个问题将影响到以上所有项目的整体成功，这个问题与以下两个方面有关：改变我们对这个群体成员的看法；找到老年人应该在我们的社会中所能扮演的以及应该扮演的有意义的角色。故本题选C。
Passage Two
听力原文
The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute（IFPRI）.[20]It notes that,in recent years,experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child's second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.
[20]Undernourishment during this approximately1,000-day window can seriously check the growth and development of children and render them more likely to get sick and die than well-fed children.Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally.
Says IFPRI's Marie Ruel,“They will be more likely to perform well in school.They will stay in school longer.[21]And then at adulthood,IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages,by a pretty large margin,by 46 percent.”
Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation's future generations depends in a large part on the first1,000days of life.
“This is why we're all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutrition.After that,the damage is done and is highly irreversible.”
The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for decades.But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem.
“It's not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then,if we don't have the politicians on board,and also the…people that implement[programs]in the field.”
Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning to get on board.Many major donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.They focus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements.They improve access to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child's life.
[22]Ruel says in the1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.
“They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet and good eating habits.So they were providing more food to people,but also educating people on how to use them,and also educating people on how to feed their young children.”
Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition.But she says nations will not make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.
听前预测
根据第20题选项可知，该题与某一现象所产生的影响有关，根据第21题的选项可知，该题与某一项现象造成的结果有关，再根据第22题选项中的nutrient-rich food,child's life,health and nutrition,young children可知，该题与儿童的营养健康有关。由此推测，短文主要介绍的是营养对儿童的健康有哪些影响。
短文摘要
短文围绕着国际粮食政策研究所（IFPRI）在2010年发布的全球饥饿指数报告展开，该报告称，儿童如果在从胎儿期到第二个生日前的1000多天里营养不良，会对其身心发育和成年后的生活带来不利影响。
试题详解
20.What is the experts'conclusion regarding children's undernourishment in their earliest days of life?
*答案 A 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
短文中提到，专家得出结论，儿童在胎儿期和第二个生日之间，如果营养不良，会对其产生长期的影响，接着提到，Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally.（防止饥饿可以让儿童在身体和智力上发育得更好。）由此可知，营养不良会严重影响儿童的身体和智力发育，故选A。
21.What does IFPRI's Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life?
*答案 B 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
短文中提到，IFPRI实际上已经证实，营养好的孩子在成年后获得的薪水更高，高出的比例高达46%，故本题选B。
22.What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the1980s?
*答案 C 考点 本题出题点在手段、方法处（by…）。
*精析
短文后面部分提到，Ruel说泰国在20世纪80年代通过招募大量的志愿者到乡村宣讲关于健康和营养的知识，使营养不良儿童的数量得到减少，故本题选C。
Passage Three
听力原文
I'd like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce,and that is the nature of the product or service.[23]There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online,and others that simply don't work.
[23]Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio.Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples.Books,although heavier and so more expensive to post,still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio,as the success of Amazon,which started off selling only books,shows.Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.
Digital products,such as software,films and music,can be sold in a purely virtual environment.The goods are paid for by online transactions,and then downloaded onto the buyer's computer.There are no postage or delivery costs,so prices can be kept low.
Many successful virtual companies provide digital services,such as financial transactions,in the case of Paypal,or means of communication,as Skype does.The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use,reliable service.Do this and you can easily become the market leader,as Skype has proved.
Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment.Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services.For a similar reason,online gambling is highly popular.
[24]Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component.Food,especially fresh food,falls into this category,along with perfume.Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing,and,of course,items with a low value-to-weight ratio.
There are exceptions,though.Online grocery shopping has really taken off,with most major supermarkets offering the service.The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered.[25]Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly,people who work long hours and those without their own transport.
听前预测
根据第23题选项中的goods,annual sales可知，该题与商品销售有关，根据第24题的选项可知，该题与商品或服务的类型有关，再根据第25题的选项可知，该题与顾客的类型有关，故可推断，讲座的内容与商品交易有关。
短文摘要
讲座介绍了电子贸易成功的关键——选择合适的商品。具体内容涉及适合在网上销售的商品所应具备的特征、哪些商品种类适合在网上销售以及不适合在网上销售的商品类型。
试题详解
23.What is important to the success of an online store?
*答案 D 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
讲座中提到，电子商务非常重要的一个方面是产品和服务的性质，有些产品适合在网上销售，而有些则不适合，由Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio.（合适的产品通常有很高的价值重量比）可知，商品是否具有很高的价值重量比对于网店成功很重要，故本题选D。
24.What products are unsuitable for selling online?
*答案 A 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
讲座中提到，通常被认为不适合在网上销售的产品包括那些有味道或气味成分的商品，故选A。
25.Who are more likely to buy groceries online?
*答案 B 考点 本题出题点在重要细节处。
*精析
讲座结尾处提到，典型网上超市用户包括老人、上班时间长的人和那些没有自己的交通工具的人，故选B。
核心词汇及短语
Passage 1
keynote speaker 主讲嘉宾
session n. 会议
graying society 老龄化社会
be faced with 面对
adequately ad. 充分地
fight back the tears 强忍着泪水
forceful a. 强有力的
golden years 黄金年代
identity n. 身份
be related with 与……有关系
social status 社会地位
discard v. 丢弃
pension n. 退休金
Passage 2
conclusion n. 结论
undernourishment n. 营养不良
approximately ad. 大约
render v. 致使
productivity n. 生产力
irreversible a. 不可逆的
intervene v. 干涉
breastfeeding n. 母乳哺育
diversity n. 多样性
Passage 3
vital a. 至关重要的
e-commerce n. 电子商务
purely ad. 纯粹地
postage n. 邮费
potentially ad. 可能地
embarrassing a. 使人尴尬的
component n. 成分
category n. 种类
outweigh v. 比……重要
exception n. 例外