摘要

工业化、城镇化和农业现代化“三化”协调发展是资源有效配置的具体表现。本研究提出基于一般均衡价格理论的“三化”协调发展模型，获得的结论为：如果存在统一高流动性的要素市场，尤其是劳动市场，则“三化”协调发展可期。中国现代意义上的工业化、城镇化和农业现代化，最早出现在洋务运动后。义和团运动以后，中国开始确立市场经济制度。总体来说，只要市场经济制度仍在有效运行，中国“三化”便可取得相当程度的协调发展。中国较为严重的“三化”失调首先开始于1949年后的计划经济时代，计划经济导致促进“三化”协调发展的市场机制难以发挥作用。改革开放后在建立统一高流动性要素市场方面始终进展缓慢，而经济的快速发展又加剧了“三化”发展的失调。然而，今天在建立统一高流动性要素市场方面仍然进展缓慢，甚至试图通过进一步对要素市场的干预来实现“三化”协调发展，其中包含诸多需要研究的问题。本书的基本政策建议是：要实现“三化”协调发展，关键在于建立统一高流动性的要素市场，尤其是劳动市场。

Abstract

The coordinated developments of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, which are called the three coordinated developments, are the results of efficient allocation of resources. Based on the gereral equilibrium price theory suggested by the authors, this research puts forward the theoretic model on the three coordinated developments, suggesting that if there are the unified and highly mobile factor markers, especially the labor market, the three coordinated developments should be able to be achieved. In China, industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization in the modern sense initiated after the Westernization Movement. After the Yihetuan Movement China started to establish the market system. Generally speaking, if the market economy system functions well, the three coordinated developments should be achieved to certain degree in China. The severe three non-coordinated developments appeared after 1949 when China practiced the planning economy, destroying the market mechanism. After the reform and opening up, the development of the unified and highly mobile factor markets are always slow, worsening the three coordinated developments. Today, however, the development of unified and highly mobile factor markets are still slow, and the government even tries further market intervention to achieve the three coordinated developments, which contains many problems needed to be studied. The basic conclusion of this research is that the key to achieving the three coordinated developments is to well build the unified and highly mobile factor markets, especially the labor market.