Abstract

Social transformation is the general characteristic of today's Chinese society. The change of the social structure is the main contents of the social transformation that involves the complete transformation in all the fields of the society. In present，the profound transformation of the state system and the transformation of the social structure make of the social transformation in China. The change of economic system affects the transformation of the inner structure of the society. On the other hand，the changing of the social inner structure also promotes the deepening of the transformation of the economic system. The two relate to each other and advance the establishment of the new system. Social transformation is sure to promote the transformation of the structure of the governance of sport for all （In the study，“sport for all”refers to the sport of all the people except students and soldiery）.

This study regards community sport as its main object. It regards social transformation as its researching cut-in point and uses the ways of literature review，questionnaire， case study，interviewing，on-the-spot investigation and mathematical statistics to have a survey. It's main content consists of the influence of social transformation on the development of community sport，the characteristics of the development of“sport of working-unit”，the transformation of the structure of the administrative governance of sport for all in urban places，the development of the sport of different communities and the spots where people having exercises，the tendency of the development of community sport and the suggestions given to the development of the community sport. It aims at promoting the reformation of the structure of the administrative governance of the sport for all in urban place，advancing the development of the theory and the practice of the community sport. The main points are below：

（1）Social transformation is a specific form of social changes and it is also drives the processing of the social conformation. Transitive，gradual，completive，lasting and complicated are its characteristics. The influence of the system of competition for markets in the transformation of social economic system and social structure，the conversion of the government's function，the innovation of the governing men of -working-unit and the establishment of community governance that all those have important impact on the development and reformation of the urban sport for all and the springing up of community sport. Social transformation promotes the conversion of the structure of governance of sport for all in urban place from working-unit governance to community governance.

（2）Under the planned economy system，the structure of governance of sport for all in urban place are the one combined by five systems：the system of government，the system of the state general administration of sport，the system of the individual sport event federation，the system of the sport federation for a specific group and the system of the sport federation of one industry. All the five parts point to“sport of the working-unit”. The springing up of the community sport not only advances the forming of the new structure of governance of sport for all but also perfects the structure of governance of the sport for all in urban place. At the same time，it reaches the place where it lacks of the governance of the institution of the sport for all，lowers the governance center of sport for all，strengthens the governance of sport for all，lightens the burden of the working-units，drives the processing of socialization of sport，promotes the building of community and ensures the generalization of the sport and that sport becomes one part of residents' lives.

（3）The area of inhabitation in urban place can be divided into four kinds of regions. In today's time all the inhabitation space have the follow characteristics：it's indistinct on the differentiation of the inhabitation area with the status of economy as dominant factors; The inhabitation space is coincided with the space of employment，the space of commerce and the space of daily entertainment; The difference of the perfect degree of the function of the new inhabitation region is very great; The structure of governing men of-working-unit and the structure of community governance are coexisting now. The diverse inhabitation regions form four different kinds of communities：the traditional sub-district community，the community of a working-unit，the general community and the border community. In different communities， the heterogeneity degree of the inhabitants，the environment of the community，the way of the community governance，the frequency of intercommunion in the community，the atmosphere of the community，the feeling of identification of the community that all have difference.

（4）The structure of governance of sport for all of the government and social together with the structure of governance of sport in grass-roots community make up the structure of community sport governance. The system of community sport governance includes three parts and four administrative levels. The three parts are leading system，corresponding system and operating system and the four administrative level are city administrative level，district administrative level，sub-district administrative level and neighborhood committee administrative level. The sub-district community sport federation is the main corresponding institution. The spots for sport activities and the stations where people can be given some direction on how to have sport exercises are the main operating institution now. The government，working-unit， community and the residents all participate in the governance of the community sport which also is its the character. The center of the governance of community sport is going down from sub-district to community. The component of administrative governance is lessening step by step and the component of social governance is increasing step by step. The conversion from the working-unit sport to the combination of community sport and working-unit sport is initially realized.

（5）In different communities，it exists difference in the situation of people's participation in sport， the condition of the community sport infrastructure，the governor of the community sport，the rate of the residents who go to the charging sport location，the origin of the outlay of the community sport. It generally likes this：the basic situation，outlay and the status of community sport of the general community and the working-unit community are better than those of the traditional community and the border community. The satisfactory degree of the sport grounds and infrastructure and the sport actives of the general community is higher than the other communities.

（6）The spots for sport activities are the important way of organizing the community sport activities in urban place. Compared with 1996，in 2000 the general situation of community sport is that the residents' sport consciousness of self-determination，self-management and self-arrangement intensified; the number of the large-scale spots for sport activities increases and the number of the small-scale spots for sport activities decreases; the number of people who participate in wushu （martial art），yangge，setting-up exercises and badminton increases obviously; the number of the people who participate in qigong decreases greatly; the number of the spots for sport activities whose outlay originates from the residents themselves increases. Also in 2000，compared with 1996，the situation that the absence of the uniform governance is better and the situation that all the spots are lack of sport facilities becomes worse.