第3章 特色城市——解读历史灵魂笼罩下的欧洲文明(3)

Since 1859， Big Ben began to timekeep for the City of London， and sounded once each hour based on GMT. The sound was sonorous and sweet.The daily news programs of the British radio and television all take the sound as a prelude.Big Ben is also the key place for the local people to celebrate the New Year.Similarly， on the Memorial Day， the sound of Big Ben is heard for 2 minutes of silence on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.

On May 31， 2009， Big Ben spent its 150th birthday. On June 2， 2012， to commemorate Elizabeth II's 60 years on the throne of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland， Big Ben officially changed its name to Elizabeth Tower.

大本钟是伦敦市的标志和英国的象征。1859年，由当时的工务大臣本杰明监制，“本”是本杰明的昵称。“大本钟”是威斯敏斯特宫报时钟，在是英国国会会议厅附属的钟楼上。钟楼四面的圆形钟盘，是伦敦的传统地标。大本钟巨大而华丽，重13.5吨。

大本钟从1859年就为伦敦城报时，根据格林尼治时间每隔一小时敲响一次，大钟发出的报时声，铿锵悦耳，余音袅袅。英国电台、电视台每天播放的新闻节目，都是以大本钟的报时声为前奏。大本钟还是人们庆祝新年的重点地方，同样地，在阵亡将士纪念日，大本钟的钟声表示第11个月的第11天的第11个小时及2分钟的默哀开始。

在2009年5月31日，大本钟度过了它150岁的生日。2012年6月2日，为纪念大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国女王伊丽莎白二世登基60周年，大本钟正式更名为伊丽莎白塔。

Sherlock Holmes Museum： The Legendary Great Detective's Residence 福尔摩斯博物馆——传说中的大侦探旧居

The Sherlock Holmes Museum is a popular privately run museum in London， England， dedicated to the famous fictional detective SherlockHolmes. It opened in 1990 and is situated in Baker Street， bearing the number 221B by permission of the City of Westminster， although it lies between numbers 237 and 241， near the north end of Baker Street in central London close to Regent's Park.The museum is run by the Sherlock Holmes International Society， a non-profit making organisation.

The Georgian town house was formerly used as a boarding house from 1860 to 1936， and covers the period of 1881 to 1904 when Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson were reported to have resided there as tenants of Mrs Hudson. The arrangement and decoration in the Museum are based on the plots of the novel.It adds the authenticity to Holmes'residence.For example， many Holmes props are displayed in the study， such as the deerstalker cap， magnifying glass， pipe and gas lights.In addition， the tiles of Holmes'classic profiles covered the walls of the Beck Street subway station.There are also Holmes souvenir shops next to the Museum.

福尔摩斯博物馆是英国伦敦一所大众喜爱的民办博物馆，是为小说人物名侦探福尔摩斯所建。1990年对外开放，注册地址是威斯敏斯特市贝克街乙221号，尽管它实则位于摄政公园附近的伦敦市中心贝克街北端237～241号之间。该博物馆是由福尔摩斯国际协会创办的非营利组织。

1860～1934年，这所格鲁吉亚城镇住房起先是用来出租的公寓。1881～1904年，小说人物福尔摩斯神探和华生医生都作为哈得逊夫人的房客居住在此。博物馆内的布置摆设都以小说中提及的情节为佐，更增添了福尔摩斯旧居的真实性。例如，书房中陈列许多福尔摩斯的道具，如猎鹿帽、放大镜、烟斗、煤气灯等。另外，地铁贝克街站的墙上满是福尔摩斯的经典侧面像瓷砖，博物馆隔壁也有福尔摩斯纪念品店。

Shakespeare's Globe： The Center of British Drama Art 莎士比亚环球剧院——英国戏剧艺术中心

Shakespeare's Globe is the center of the British drama art. It is a theatre especially for appreciating and studying the excellent work of Shakespeare and his contemporary writers.It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company， the Lord Chamberlain's Men， and was destroyed by fire on 29 June， 1613.A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642.A modern reconstruction of the Globe， named"Shakespeare's Globe"，opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet from the site of the original theatre.

The Globe Theatre is not only a theatre but also a place for art education and research. It is composed of three institutions： Globe Theatre—the professional troupe composed of international artists； Transworld Education—studying Shakespeare's play manus and stage performances with the students of different ages； International Exhibition—the most extensive exhibition especially for Shakespeare and his contemporary writers.

莎士比亚环球剧院是英国戏剧艺术的中心，它是一座专为欣赏、研究莎士比亚及其同时代优秀剧作家的作品的剧场。环球剧院位于英国伦敦，最初的环球剧场由威廉·莎士比亚所在宫内大臣剧团于1599年建造，1613年6月29日毁于火灾。1614年环球剧场重建，并于1642年关闭。1997年，一座现代仿造的环球剧场落成，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧院”，距离原来的剧院地址大约750英尺。

环球剧院不仅仅是一个剧场，还是一个艺术教育和研究的地方。剧院由三个机构组成：环球剧场——由国际艺人组成的专业剧团；环球教育——与不同年龄的学生共同研究莎士比亚的剧作手稿及舞台表演；环球展览——专为莎士比亚及其同时代剧作家而设立的涵盖面最广的展览。

2.Paris： The Paradise of Women 巴黎——女人的天堂

Paris is not only the capital and largest city of France but also the shopping paradise that can make women crazy. It is the place that women have been longing for.There is not only romance but also deadly temptation—fashion and perfume.

巴黎是法国的首都和最大城市，也是令女人痴狂的购物天堂，它一直是女人们向往的地方，这里不仅仅是浪漫，还有致命的诱惑——时装和香水。

●The Origin of the Name of Paris， the Flower City “花城”巴黎的名字由来

Paris is located in the middle of the Seine River and the center of the Paris Basin. It is the world famous"artistic capital" and "romance capital" and a metropolis famous for prosperous and magnificent streets.It is called Flower City because there are not only many flowers but also variegated buildings， colorful cosmetics and dizzying fashions.

The city can trace its name back to the 2nd Century BC. There is a small island called Cite in the Seine River and its village was built by Parisii of Gauls.During the ancient Rome period， it was called Lutetia Parisiorum.In 307 AD， the Parisii made it the capital and named it Paris.The Parisii was a tribe that lived in hunting and fishing.The name of the tribe was from Par in Celtic， with the meaning of the boatman or sailor.The silver sailing is still made for Paris'city emblem.Even the fishermen proverb on the national emblem of France， "You can make it bump， but cannot make him sink"has a close relationship to the history of Paris.

巴黎是位于塞纳河中游、巴黎盆地中心，是世界著名的“艺术之都”和“浪漫之都”，是一个以繁华和富丽堂皇的街市著称的大都市。人们之所以称其为“花城”，是因为该城不仅花多，而且有五花八门的建筑物、花色繁多的化妆品和令人眼花缭乱的时装。

这个城市的名称，源于公元前2世纪，塞纳河中一个叫西岱岛的小岛，这个地方的村落是高卢族巴黎西人所建。古罗马时期，称这里为“巴黎西部落居住的琉提喜阿”。公元307年，巴黎西人以此为首府，始以“巴黎”为城名。巴黎西人是塞纳河流域以渔猎为生的部落，部族名称源于凯尔特语的Par，意思是“船夫”或“水手”。至今巴黎人仍以银色的帆船为市徽，法国国徽上的渔民谚语“能使它颠簸，不能使它沉没”，这都与巴黎市的发展史有密切的关系。